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Applied Anatomy > Dermatomes and Myotomes and Deep Tendon Reflex > Flashcards

Dermatomes and Myotomes and Deep Tendon Reflex Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Neuro screen?

A

-A series of test used to evaluate if the neurological system is involved
-will look differently depending on what setting and patient population you will be working with
-part of the examination

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2
Q

What is a Dermatome?

A

The area of skin supplied by a SINGLE nerve root

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3
Q

What is a Myotome?

A

A muscle group of muscles served by a single nerve root , graded like MMT’s (Gross motions only)

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4
Q

What is a sclerotome?

A

Are of a bone or fascia supplied by a single nerve root

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5
Q

What is a Deep Tedon Reflex?

A

(DTR) a brisk contraction of muscle in response to a sudden stretch induced by a sharp tap on the tendon at the insertion of the muscle

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6
Q

DERMATOME Grading

A

0=absent
1=Diminished
2=Normal
NT=Not tested

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7
Q

DERMATOME
C1

A

C1= Superior / Anterior Cranium

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8
Q

DERMATOME
C2

A

C2= Posterior Cranium

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9
Q

DERMATOME
C3

A

C3= Lateral upper-mid cervical spine

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10
Q

DERMATOME
C4

A

C4= Superior and Lateral Shoulder

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11
Q

DERMATOME
C5

A

C5=Lateral Arm

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12
Q

DERMATOME
C6

A

C6=Lateral Thumb

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13
Q

DERMATOME
C7

A

C7=Dorsal Midline of hand

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14
Q

DERMATOME
C8

A

C8=Ulnar forearm/hand

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15
Q

DERMATOME

DERMATOME
T1

A

T1=Medial Elbow

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16
Q

DERMATOME , Sensory testing

A

-Pain= (Sharp/dull)
-Temperature= Hot/cold w/ test tube
-Light Touch- a camel hair brush
-Vibration- Tuning fork and earphones if available
-Stereognosis- Object recognition, Great for those with CVA accident
-Two-Point Discrimination= (GOLD STANDARD)
-Recognition of Texture

17
Q

MYOTOMES

A

-A muscle or group of muscles served by a signle nerve root
-Graded the same as MMT
-0-5 Scale
-Myotomes test gross motions not specific individual muscles
-Hold for 10 seconds and test bilaterally (if applicable)

18
Q

MYOTOMES
C1-2

A

Mvmnt= Neck Flexion
Muscles= Anterior superficial/deep neck muscles

19
Q

MYOTOMES
C3

A

Mvmnt: Neck Side Flexion
Muscles: Longus capitis cervicis, trapezius (upper fibers) , annd scalenus medius

20
Q

MYOTOMES
C4

A

Mvmnt: Shoulder elevation or scapular elevation
Muscles: Trapezius (upper fibers) or levator scapulae

21
Q

MYOTOMES
C5

A

Mvmnt: Shoulder Abduction or External Rotation
Muscles: Deltoid, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus

22
Q

MYOTOMES
C6

A

Mvmnt: Elbow Flexion or wrist extension
Muscles: Biceps, Brachialis, wrist extensors

23
Q

MYOTOMES
C7

A

Mvmnt: Elbow extension or wrist flexion
Muscles: Triceps or wrist flexors

24
Q

MYOTOMES
C8

A

Mvmnt: Thumb Extension or ulnar deviation
Muscles: EPL, EPB, Ulnar Deviators

25
Q

MYOTOMES
T1

A

Mvmnt: Hand Intrinsics
Muscles: Adductors or abductors of the digits

26
Q

Deep Tendon Reflex (DTR)

A

A brisk contraction of a muscle in response to a suddenn stretch induced by a sharp tap on the tendon at insertion of the muscle

27
Q

When to perfrom DTR?

A

-Perform if PT suspects a neurological involvment AFTER sensory or motor testing
-Used to check the integrity of the nerve or nerve root supplyinng the reflex, tests spinal reflex
-With loss/abnormality of nerve conduction, there is a reduction (HYPOREFLEXIA) or loss (AREFLEXIA) of the stretch reflex
-Exercise just before testing or pateint anxiety, tenseness, may lead to accentuated reflexes

Testing = use the flat end of the hammer initially
Located at the correct tendon
use a sharp and quick tap from wrist
if you cannot feel it or see a reflex relax your patient, have them look away and distract them, TRY AGAIN

28
Q

Deep Tendon Reflex Grading

A

Grade 0-4
-Grade 0= No response, always abnormal
-Grade 1=Slight but defintiely present response, may or may not be normal
-Grade 2= A brisk response, normal
-Grade 3= A VERY brisk response may or may not be normal
-Grade 4= Hypertonic, a tap elicits a repeating refelx (clonus) always abnormal

29
Q

DTR, Hyporeflexia

A

An absent or diminished respone to DTR

30
Q

DTR, Hyperreflexia

A

the hyperactive or repeating (clonic) response to DTR

31
Q

DTR
Biceps

A

C5/C6
musculocutaneous nerve
Normal response= biceps contraction

(PT takes top of thumb on bicep tendon and elicits taps that way)

32
Q

DTR
Brachioradialis

A

C6
Radial Nerve
Normal Response= flexion of the elbow and or pronation of the forearm

(PT find tendon on the radial styloid process and taps)

33
Q

DTR
Triceps

A

C7/C8
Radial Nerve
Normal Response = Elbow extension and muscle contraction

(PT holds pt arm in theirs in a hook form and palpate tendon nnear olecranon of ulna and elicits tap that way, better to stand posteriorly)

Applied Anatomy (1 decks)

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