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Dermatology, Ulcers, Burns > Dermatology, Ulcer, Burns > Flashcards

Dermatology, Ulcer, Burns Flashcards

1
Q

What would someone with Impetigo look like?

A

Red sores that can rupture & Ooze

Itching

HONEY COLORED CRUST
(anywhere in the body as it heals)

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2
Q

What are complications of Impetigo?

A

Sepsis

Cellulitis

Hypertensive Encephalopathy
Pulmonary Edema, Rheumatic Fever

Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

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3
Q

What’s the Pathophysiology of impetigo?

A

A Break in the skin that allows BACTERIA to enter

It affects Infants + Young children

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4
Q

What causes Impetigo?

A

Bacteria:

Streptococcus

Staphylococcus

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5
Q

How do you Diagnosed Impetigo?

A

History

Physical exam

CBC

Culture

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6
Q

How do you Treat impetigo?

A

ABX (Topical/Oral)

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7
Q

What would someone with Cellulitis look like?

A

Fever

Pain/Redness/Swelling/Edema

Lymphadenopathy (Proximal to sight of injury)

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8
Q

What are complications of Cellulitis?

A

Sepsis

Endocarditis

Osteomyelitis

Necrotizing Fasciitis

Abscess (If left untreated)

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9
Q

What’s the Pathophysiology of Cellulitis?

A

A Break in the skin that allows bacteria to enter causing INFLAMMATION OF SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE

Occurs from injury, burns, surgical wounds

It affects (Feet/Legs) and Can be anywhere

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10
Q

What causes cellulitis?

A

Bacteria: Streptococcus
Staphylococcus

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11
Q

How do you diagnosed Cellulitis?

A

History

Physical exam

CBC

Culture

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12
Q

How do you Treat Cellulitis?

A

ABX (Oral/IV)

Prophylactic Compression Therapy

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13
Q

What would someone with MRSA look like?

A

Fever

Abscess/Pus

Drainage

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14
Q

What are Complications of MRSA?

A

Sepsis

Death

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15
Q

What’s the Pathophysiology of MRSA?

A

A break in the skin that allows STAPH BACTERIA to enter.

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16
Q

What causes MRSA?

How is MRSA spread?

A

Bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus

Contact with an infected person or Things carrying the bacteria

It spreads in Healthcare/Community Associated

Staph Bacteria is RESISTANT to ABX

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17
Q

How do you diagnosed MRSA?

A

History

Physical exam

CBC

Broth 🧪

Agar Test 🔬

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18
Q

How do you treat MRSA?

A

Vancomycin

Linezolid

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19
Q

What would someone with Herpes Zoster Shingles look like?

A

Pre-Eruptive phase:
Pain, Tingling in 1 or more Dermatome
Fever, Fatigue, Headache, Gi upset (1-10

Acute Eruptive phase:
Pain, Redness, Vesicles (1-Face/Torso)
Don’t cross the midline, Clear/Cloud 1/10
Clears in 2-4weeks

Chronic phase:
Nerve pain that last Months/Years

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20
Q

What are complications of Herpes Zoster Shingles?

A

Prosthetic Neuralgia
Pneumonia
Encephalitis
Blindness
Hearing Loss
DEATH

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21
Q

What’s the Pathophysiology of Herpes Zoster Shingles?

A

Varicella Zoster Virus causes Chickenpox in Childhood

After healing from chickenpox, the virus hides & comes back later causing “SHINGLES”. Immune system can’t hold it anymore.

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22
Q

What causes
Herpes Zoster Shingles?

A

Varicella Zoster Virus

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23
Q

What are Risk Factors for Herpes Zoster Shingles?

A

Age ⬆️

Weak immune system

Immunosuppressant Medication

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24
Q

How do you diagnose
Herpes Zoster Shingles?

A

History

Physical exam

CBC

PCR (Check Viral DNA) 🧬

DFA (Direct Fluorescent Antibody)

Tzanck smear

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25
Q

Treatment
Herpes Zoster shingles?

A

Antiviral (⬇️72 hours)
Analgesics
Steroids
Vaccination (60 and ⬆️)

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26
Q

What would someone with Tinea Capitis/Corporis look like?

A

Itching

Circular/Oval rash

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27
Q

What are complications of Tinea Capitis/Corporis?

A

Capitis: Abscess (Kerion)

Corporis: Dermatophytide

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28
Q

What’s the Pathophysiology of Tinea Capitis/Corporis?

A

Fungal infection of the skin {Scalp/Body}

Transferred from Person to Person/Animal

Contagious! (Spread via Bed, Towel, Hat, Grooming tools)

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29
Q

What causes
Tinea Capitis/Corporis?

A

Fungus

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30
Q

How do you diagnosed
Tinea Capitis/Corporis?

A

History

Physical exam

CBC

KOH Test [Skin scrapping via Potassium Hydroxide on wet mount]

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31
Q

Treatment of
Tinea Capitis/Corporis?

A

1% Selenium Sulfide shampoo

Anti-Fungal: Topical, Oral, IV

Tolnaftate

Clotrimazole

Miconazole

Haloprogrin

Griseofulvin

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32
Q

What would someone with Pediculosis Capitis look like?

A

SEVERE ITCHING in the head/Behind the ears

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33
Q

What are complications of Pediculosis Capitis?

A

infections (impetigo/pyoderma)

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34
Q

What’s the Pathophysiology of Pediculosis Capitis?

A

Lice 🕷️inject their juice into the skin & sucking your blood.

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35
Q

How do you diagnosed
Pediculosis Capitis?

A

History

Physical exam

CBC

Magnifying glass

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36
Q

Treatment of
Pediculodis Capitis?

A

Medicated Shampoo (Permerthrin 1%)

Bath with Soap/Water

Wash all clothes in Hot water

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37
Q

What would a person with Scabies look like?

A

Itching

Redness

Pimples like rash/Burrows Track

Vesicles, Pustules, Papule
Ooze, Crust, Dry, Peel

38
Q

What are complications of Scabies?

A

Sepsis

Heart Disease

Kidney problems

39
Q

What’s the Pathophysiology of Scabies?

A

itch mites lay eggs under skin (Epidermis)

40
Q

What causes Scabies?

A

itch mites

41
Q

How do you Diagnose Scabies?

A

History

Physical exam

CBC

Penlight

Scalpel Blade (Under a microscope)

42
Q

What’s the treatment for Scabies?

A

Warm Soapy Bath

Permethrin 5% (apply from head/Toes) 8hr

43
Q

What would someone with Contact Dermatitis Eczema look like?

A

Itching

Redness

Burning

Blisters/Edema
{Vesicles, Papule, Oozing, Crust, Dry, Peel}

44
Q

What are complications of Contact Dermatitis Eczema?

A

infection

Lichenification

45
Q

What’s the Pathophysiology of Contact Dermatitis Eczema?

A

inflammation of Dermis

46
Q

What causes
Contact Dermatitis Eczema?

A

Physical, Soap/Dertergent,
Chemical, Biological agents

Extreme Heat/Cold

Pre-existing skin Disease

47
Q

What’s the risk factor for Contact Dermatitis Eczema?

A

Jobs that require repeated Handwashing
Food preparation workers
Cleaners
Hair Dresser
Women

48
Q

How do you diagnose
Contact Dermatitis Eczema?

A

History

Physical exam

CBC

Assess for allergies

49
Q

How do you treat
Contact Dermatitis Eczema?

A

Avoid itritants

Use mild Soap until healed

Cream:
Corticosteroids, Ceramide, Dimethicone

50
Q

What would someone with Psoriasis look like?

A

itching

Red lesions

Silver plaques
(Nails, Elbow, Knee, Scalp, Lower back, Butt) ✨✨✨✨

Remission/Exacerbation (comes & go)

51
Q

What are complications of Psoriasis?

A

Asymmetric Rheumatoid Factor

52
Q

What’s the Pathophysiology of Psoriasis?

A

Skin cells makes TOO much Keratin (Epidermis)

Chronic inflammation of skin

53
Q

What causes Psoriasis?

A

Genetics/Autoimmune

54
Q

What’s the risk factor for Psoriasis?

A

White women

55
Q

How do you Diagnose Psoriasis?

A

History

Physical exam

CBC

Biopsy

56
Q

How do you Treat Psoriasis?

A

Topical corticosteroids + Dressing

Systemic agents
(Methotrexate, infliximab, Cyclosporine)

Phototherapy
(Take Psoralen before treatment)

Coal Tar preparation

57
Q

What does someone with
Acne Vulgaris look like?

A

Pimples, Whiteheads, Blackheads
(Open/Closed Comedones)

Leaking Sebum, Keratin, Bacteria

58
Q

What’s are Complications of
Acne Vulgaris?

A

infections

59
Q

What’s the Pathophysiology of Acne Vulgaris?

A

Hormone 🔜 Sebaceous gland🔜 Sebum

Blocked hair follicle (Dead skin cell/Bacteria)

Inflammation of Pilosebaceous unit

60
Q

How do you diagnose
Acne Vulgaris?

A

Physical exam (oily skin, Lesions, Comedones)

History (Women have flares before menses)

61
Q

How do you Treat
Acne Vulgaris?

A

Wash Face 2x/day🔜 OTC Benzol Peroxide & salicylic acid.

Use oil free products & sunscreen

Diet: avoid carbs, Fruits/vegetables, water

Topical ABX
Vitamin A (Retinoid)
isotretinoin (SEVERE CASES)
Hormone Therapy
Steroid injections
Phototherapy
Surgery: Comedones extraction

62
Q

What would a person with General Pruritus look like?

A

itching (worst at night)

Redness/Wheals

No rash or Lesions

63
Q

What are complications of General pruritus?

A

Dryness

Eczema

Infection

Lichenification

64
Q

What’s the Pathophysiology of General pruritus?

A

Histamine (inflammatory response) release causing itching.

65
Q

What causes General pruritus?

A

The following underlying causes

Anemia
Endocrine
Gi (Hepatic)
Gu (Kidney)
Oncology
Radiation Therapy
Medication
Soap

66
Q

How do you diagnose
General pruritus?

A

History

Physical exam

CBC

Find underlying cause

67
Q

How do you Treat
General Pruritus?

A

Tepid Bath:
Cool compress (Menthol/Camphor)

Antihistamine:
Antihistamine (Diphenhydramine)

Topical anti-pruritic:
(Lidocaine, Prilocaine, Capsaicin)

Topical corticosteroids:
Corticosteroids

SSRI:
(Fluoxetine/Sertraline)

68
Q

What would someone with
Skin cancer look like?

A

A: Half raise/Half flat (irregular is BAD)

B: Border (uneven edges)

C: Color changes & variations
(Black, Brown, Tan, Red)

D: Diameter ⬆️ 6mm (size of Nickel/coin)

E: Evolve change in (Size, Shape, color)

69
Q

What are complications of
Skin cancer?

A

infection/Sepsis
Bleeding 🩸

70
Q

What’s the Pathophysiology of skin cancer?

A

Uncontrolled cell growth in the skin

Basal cell, Squamous cell, Melanoma

71
Q

What are risk factors of
Skin cancer?

A

Family History/Genetics

Environmental: UV light/Sunlight

Caucasian, Light skin, Freckles, Moles, Aging

Immunosuppressant Drugs

72
Q

How is Skin cancer diagnosed?

A

History

Physical exam

CBC

Biopsy

73
Q

How do you Treat Skin cancer?

A

Mohs/Cryosurgery

Topical Chemotherapy

Radiation

74
Q

What’s the Pathophysiology of pressure ulcer?

A

Epidermis: Melanin, Keratin, Vitamin D
Electrolytes

Dermis: Nerves, Blood Vessels
Sweat glands, Hair follicles
Lymphatic

Hypodermis: Fatty Tissue/ Temperature regulation

75
Q

What causes pressure ulcers?

A

Pressure

Bedridden

Moisture/incontinence

Shearing/Friction

Poor nutrition

Aging skin

Diabetic Neuropathy (sugar blood)

Liver cirrhosis (⬇️ Albumin)

76
Q

What are the stages of pressure ulcer?

A

Stage 1: Non-Blanchable erythema of INTACT SKIN.

Stage 2: Damages (Epidermis/Dermis)

Stage 3: Damage (Epi, Dermis, Hypodermis

Stage 4: Muscle/Bone

Unstageable: Can’t see the base of the wound.

77
Q

How do you Treat
Pressure ulcers?

A

Assess Skin within 24-hrs of admission

Turn every 1-2hrs to relieve pressure

Give Fluids 2-3 L/Day

Check I/O for adequate Fluid intake (⬇️ 30-ml is BAD)

Give protein

Check Albumin (3.5-5.0)

Check Braden scale to monitor risk every shift

78
Q

Superficial Burn

A

Damage Epidermis

Sunburn/Low Flash

Skin is intact, Redness, Pain
(No Edema/blisters, Pain is sooth by cooling)

79
Q

Superficial Burn
Diagnostic Test

A

History

Physical exam

CBC

80
Q

Superficial Burn Treatment

A

No ICE, Butter, Egg whites

Analgesics, ABX, Systemic ointment

Clean wound daily/Change dressing
depends on severity of burn

Heal in 1-week

81
Q

Deep Burn

A

Damage Epidermis/Dermis

Wet/Shiny/Blisters/White/Discolored/irregular

Painful to touch/sensitive to ANY air

82
Q

Deep Burn Complications

A

Can lead 🔜 infection
Can lead 🔜 Full Thickness Burn

83
Q

Deep Burn Diagnostic Test

A

History

Physical exam

CBC (⬆️K, ⬆️H/H, ⬇️Na)

84
Q

Deep Burns Treatment

A

⬇️ 3-inches Treat it at home

NO ICE 🧊, Butter🧈, Egg white 🍳

Analgesic, ABX, Systemic ointment

Cool the Burn by covering it with
Sterile Gauze/No Cotton

Look for (Scars, Dipigmentation, Contractures)

Heal in 2-4 weeks

85
Q

Full Thickness Burn

A

Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis, Bone

Dry, Fat exposed, Hair follicle, Sweat gland destroyed

No pain due to Nerve Damage

Eschar over injury

Moderate/Severe Edema

RR Failure

Electricity (Entrance/Exit wound)

86
Q

Complications of
Full Thickness Burn

A

Respiratory failure
Hypovolemic Shock
Organ perfusion Renal failure
(⬇️30ml, ⬆️ BUN/Creatinine)
Compartment syndrome
Hyperglycemia
Infection (Sepsis)
Mobility issues (Contractures)
CBC: (⬆️K, ⬆️H/H, ⬇️Na)
Malnutrition

87
Q

Full Thickness Burn Diagnostic test

A

History

Physical exam

CBC (⬆️K, ⬆️H/H, ⬇️Na)

88
Q

Full Thickness Burn Treatment

A

ET/Tracheostomy

Remove clothes, Cool water
Rule of Nine, Parkland formula, IVF

Renal function (Catheter, I/O)
Monitor ECG for (K)

Analgesic, ABX, Systemic ointment
Topical Antimicrobial

Debridment, Escharotomy
Skin grafting, Surgery

Remodeling may last years

89
Q

Emergent phase

A

ET/Tracheostomy

IVF

Pain medication

Lab, Art line, Carboxyhemoglobin

90
Q

Acute phase

A

Wound care

Prevent infection

Prevent complications

Nutrition

91
Q

Rehabilitation

A

Do ROM

Prevent Scars/Constractures

Return to Family roles, Support groups, Counseling, work

Dermatology, Ulcers, Burns (1 decks)

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