Dermatology (To Be Sorted)

Question 1

How do retinoids work?

Answer 1

inhibition of the formation and # microcomedones, reduction of mature comedonesreduction of inflammatory lesionsproduce normal desquamation of the follicular epithelium.

Question 2

What are side effects of oral retinoids?

Answer 2

Birth defectshypertriglyceridemia, elevated LFTAbnormal night vision, benign intracranial hypertensiondryness of the lips,skin…secondary staphylococcal infectionsarthralgias rare/conflicting evidence for: bone effects  hyperostotic lesions, premature epiphyseal closure increased risk of IBD mood changes (depression, suicidal ideation)

Question 3

What monitoring is required for oral retinoids?

Answer 3

laboratory testing of lipid profiles and liver function tests monthly

Question 4

What derm meds can cause pseudotumor cerebri?

Answer 4

minocyclinetetracyclinedoxycyclineOCPSteroidoral retinoidsphenytoinVit Aoral retinoids

Question 5

what are the clinical features of Psoriasis

Answer 5

red well demarcatedirregularmicaceous scaleAuspitz sign - bleeding if remove scaleKoebner sign - new lesions appear at sites of traumanail pitting, onycholysis, subungal keratosis, oil stainingKids - upper inner eyelids, scalp, knees, elbows, umbilicus, superior intergluteal fold, and genitals

Question 6

what is guttate psoriasis

Answer 6

triggers - post GAS infection, viral, sunburn, if steroids stoppedacute erruption and many lesionsresolution wk to month

Question 7

DDX for psoriasis

Answer 7

seborrheic dermatitisnummular dermatitistinea corpisptyriasis rosea

Question 8

what are side effects of cyclopsorine?

Answer 8

renal toxicityhepatotoxicityHTNgingival hyperplasiaGI upsettremor and paraesthesiaNeed to do: renal, LFT and CBC monthly

Question 9

side effects of biologic agents

Answer 9

allergic reactioninc risk of infectionheadachescytopeniafuture malignancydemyelinating diseasenew of worsening heart failure

Question 10

Incontinentia Pigmenti

Answer 10

X linked - lethal in malerare ectodermal disorderDerm - linear streaks, vesilcles, increased eosinophil. 4 stages. Ocular issues - neovasuclari, small eyes, optic nerve atrophyCNS - dev delay, SZ, paralyisdentition - late, connical teeth, impactionalopecia - 40% nail issuesskeletal abnormalities

Question 11

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is associated with?

Answer 11

Endocrinopathies (hypoparathyroidism, Addison disease), hyperIgE syndrome, autoimmune disorders, HIV, and inhaled corticosteroid use The atrophic form: most common form in older adults, erythema without plaques, can also have cheilitis (fissuring at angles of mouth)

Question 12

Toxic epidermal necrolysis

Answer 12

> 30% of BSAairway obstructioninfectiondehydrationeye involvement - blindnesspain - oral and SKIN!!!GU stricturesliver failureMGNT : IV iG and cyclophosphomide

Question 13

cause of TEN

Answer 13

NSAIDSmycoplasmaAbxsulphonamidesanticonvulsants

Question 14

mastocytosis

Answer 14

agregation of mast cells in skinurticaria (urticaria pigmentosa - infants, urticaria, can gest systemic signs of histamine release)Darier sign - scratch skin and see urticariaRx - avoid triggers - hot bath, anything that itches, morphineRx - H1 blocker

Question 15

Dx of NF

Answer 15

2 out of 7: CAFE SPOT* cafe au lait spot > 6* Axillary freckling* Fibromatosis* Eye- Lisch nodules* Skeletal bowing* Positive family history* Optic Tumor

Question 16

Erythema toxicum onset

Answer 16

within 2 days, resolves by 2 weekshigh eosinophils

Question 17

what is the management to tinea pedis

Answer 17

absorbent antifungal powder - zincImidazole

Question 18

What condition is most often associated with Tinea pedis

Answer 18

id Reaction -sensitized individuals and has been attributed to circulating fungal antigens derived from the primary infection. The eruption is characterized by grouped papules (Fig. 658-2) and vesicles and, occasionally, by sterile pustules. Symmetric urticarial lesions and a more generalized maculopapular eruption also can occur

Question 19

What are features of erythema toxicum neonatorum

Answer 19

red macules, papules and pustulespalms and soles not involvedrare in premseosinophilic pustules

Question 20

when does seborrheic dermatitis occur

Answer 20

1 month to 1 year

Question 21

how can a famiy manage diaper dermatitis?

Answer 21

1.frequent diaperchange2. gentle cleaning - no rubbing, no need to remove all diaper cream3. sitz baths4. avoid baby wipes5. ZINC barrier creamif no improvement- 1% hydrocortisone +/- antifungfal

Question 22

baby has diarrhea, perioral and diaper area rash and is very irritable. DX

Answer 22

Zinc defeg: acrodermatitis enteropathica

Question 23

what is PHACES syndrome?

Answer 23

Posterior fossa abn/structural brain abnHemangioma(s)Arterial cerebrovascular anomaliesCoarctation/aortic abnormalitiesEye anomalies

Question 24

Erythema Nodossum causes

Answer 24

NODOSSSSUMMNSAIDSOCPDcOlitis - IBDSulphonamidesStrep ASyphilisSarcoidosisUCMycobacterium TBMama = pregnancy

Question 25

what are complications of hand-foot-mouth

Answer 25

coxsackie - myocarditis, pericarditis and shockenterovirus - brainstem encephalomyelitis, neurogenic pulmonary edema, pulmonary hemorrhage, shock, and rapid death