Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

SMS Week 3 > Dermatology Therapeutics > Flashcards

Dermatology Therapeutics Flashcards

1
Q

in general, what is the most common therapy used in dermatology?

A

topical

creams, gels, lotions, powders, sprays, foams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Since the skin’s role is mainly as a barrier to outside sutbstances, what is drug delivery dependant on?

A
  1. skin type (thinner skin easier than thicker skin)
  2. Skin condition (inflamed, cracked, broken skin will more readily take up med)
  3. Lipid vs. water-based vehicle
  4. charge
  5. concentration gradient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What layer of skin is the “rate limiting step” to topical therapy absorption?

A

stratum corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How can we increase the penetrance of a topical med?

A

Hydrate the skin first

use a vehicle with higher occlusiveness and absorption - ointments better than creams, creams better than lotions, lotions better than gels, etc..

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the actions of corticosteroids?

A

anti-inflammatory

immunosuppressive

anti-proliferative

vasoconstrictive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some of the dermatological uses for corticosteroids?

A

eczema, contact dermatitis, psoriasis, lichen planus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the adverse effects of corticosteroids?

A

skin atrophy (especially over thing skin like the groin)

striae

acne

suppression of the HPA axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How are corticosteroids classified by strength?

A

1 to 7 with 7 being the mildest

based on standardized lab vasoconstriction assay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are retinoids and what do they do?

A

vitamin A analogs

bind to nuclear receptors on DNA and alter gene transcription to regulate cell growth, inhibit carcinogenesis and alter enzymes involved with cellular differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are three topical retinoids?

A
  1. tretinoin (retin-A)
  2. tazarotene (tazorac)
  3. adapalene (differin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the uses for retinoids?

A

acne

psoriasis

cosmetic skin improvement (wrinkles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the main side effect of the retinoids?

A

dry skin

irritation

sun sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Specifically what type of acne responds well to retinoid use?

A

comedonal acne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Calcipotriene?

A

a vitamin D analog that acts through DNA receptors to alter skin differentiation (similar to the retinoids)

(also called Dovonex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is calcipotriene used for?

A

psoriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

WHat are the 2 side effects of calcipotriene?

A

irritation and increased serum calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some topical antimicrobials we use?

A

clindamycine or erythromycin gel

benzoyl peroxide gel

tervinafine, oxiconazole (antifungals)

metronidazoles gel (for rosacea!)

bacitracin or mupirocin (on wounds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do topical calcineurin inhibitiros (TCIs) do?

A

they are considered the nonsteroidal anti-inflamatory drugs

they work through calcineurin to alter T-cell activation, so they’re good for T-cell mediated diseases like contact dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are two TCIs we talked about?

A

tacrolimus (protopic)

pimicrolimus (Elidel)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

On what part o the body would you want to use a TCI?

A

On thin skin where it’s better to avoid the steroids

like the eyelids and groin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

in terms of sunscreens, which ones actually BLOCK the sun?

A

the metals -

titanium dioxide and zinc oxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What ist he lowest SPF that can claim reducing skin cancer risk?

A

SPF 15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What term on a sunscreen bottle will mean they cover UVA and UVB?

A

broad spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does Imiquimod (Aldara) cream work?

A

It’s an immune response modifier that actually INCREASES inflammation
through toll-like receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What do we use imiquimod (aldara) for?
warts actinic karatosis BCC (in situ) molluscum
26
What other topical drug can be used in the same situations as Imiquimod?
topical 5-fluorouracil
27
What will happen to Aktinic keratoses during treatment with either imiquimod or 5-FU?
THey will get WORSE before they resolve because it's bringing in the immune response
28
Current research suggest what for wound care?
We should **keep it covered** with a nonstick dressing to allow natural cytokines to facilitate healing monitor for infection airing out wounds slows healing and increases likelihod of scarring
29
What are the systemic retinoids?
1. isotretinoin (accutane, sotret ,amnesteem, claravis) 2. acitretin (soriatane)
30
What are the main concerns with systemic retinoid use
dryness hyperlipidemia teratogenicity (have to be on birth control) hepatitis hair loss depression? So in labs you need to monitor lipids, liver function and pregnancy
31
What might we use systemic retinoids for?
acne psoriasis ichthyosis ("fish skin" issue with holding on to keratinized cells too long)
32
What does Dapsone (sulfone) do?
inhibits myeloperoxidase in neutrophils with an affect on CD11a and CD18 so we use it for diseases that are neutrophil rich
33
What conditions do we use Dapsone for?
dermatitis herpetiformis linear IgA disease bullous lupus Sweet's syndrome spider bites **any neutrophilic skin diagnosis**
34
What are the main concerns with dapsone?
can cause hemolysis especially in people with G6PD deficiency ALso methemaglobinemia and motor neuropathy so check CBC and G6PD in labs
35
How does methotrexate work?
it's a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor that disrupts DNA synthesis also immunosuppressive
36
What do we use methotrexate for?
psoriasis CTCL lupus
37
What are the concerning side effects of methotrexate?
hepatotoxicity (so check LFT -live biopsy?) myelosuppression (so check CBC) pneumonitis
38
The newest generation of systemic therapy for psoriasis psoriatic arthritis, and RA are what? How do they work?
the biological therapies they are biogenetically engineered proteins that disrupt focused portions of the immune system involved in psorasis have fewer side effects!
39
What are some of the biological therapies?
Amevive - inhibit T memory cells Enbrel - inactivates TNF Remicade (inhibits TNF and some cytokines) Humira (inhibits TNF) Stelara (binds to p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23)
40
WHat does UV light therapy do?
It forms pyrimidine dimers in DNA and reduces langerhans cells and leukocytes - thus it's anti-inflammatry and immunosuppressive
41
What are the 3 versions of UV light therapy?
UVB Narrow band UVB (less likely to burn or cause cancer) PUVA (Psoralen plus UVA)
42
What are the uses for UV light therapy?
psoriasis pruritus eczema CTCL
43
WHat is Minoxidil? What is it used for?
It's Rogaine! Is acts through vasodilation and direct stimulation of hair shaft growth Used for alopecia
44
What is Finasteride? What is it used for?
Finasteride = Propecia It blocks the 5-alpha reductase enzyme in follicles to inhibit the conversion of testosteorn to diydrotesterone. This works better for androgenetic alopecia than minoxidil
45
What do we use liquid nitrogen for?
it freezes tissue of warts, actinic keratoses, small skin cancers
46
In moisturizers, what do the following do? Occlusives? Humectats? Emollients?
Occlusives trap moisture in humectants bind water emollients give skin a smooth feel
47
We don't we like soaps for cosmetic products?
they are made from animal fats and have a negative charge, thus they tend to strop of fnatural skin barrier of lipids resulting in drying. minimize their use and use non-soap cleansers like Purpose
48
What are alpha hydroxy acids used for?
cosmetic effects they exfoliate, thicken epidermis, stimulate collagen growth and increase skin profusion this results in fewer wrinkles, more pliable skin and better hydrations this is what's used in chemical peels
49
What is alopecia?
hair loss
50
What is pediculosis?
lice infestation
51
How do scarring and nonscarring alopecias differ?
scarring is usually due to an inflamatory process whereas nonscarring is more do to poblems with the hair growth cycle itself (anagen, catagen, telogen)
52
Describe androgenetic alopecia.
this is the simple baldness, hereditary alopecia, or pattern alopecia it's nonscarring It's caused by genetically determined miniaturization of follicles triggered by androgens More on the top of scalp More sommon in males, but also in women soemtimes (men tend to get it earlier) Treat with minoxidil or finasteride
53
What is telogen effluvium?
It's stress hair loss nonscarring you get distrupted growth cycle of hairs causing a premature shift from anagen to telogen and the hair falls out in clumps triggered by pregnancy, surgery, high fever, extreme diet, etc.
54
What is the treatment for relogen effluvium?
Once the trigger is removed, it just takes time and reassurance
55
What is alopecia areata?
It's an autoimmune disease where T-cells attack the hair bulbs You lose circular pathces on the scalp or beard (can end up losing all the hair on the scalp or even on the entire body)
56
What are the treatment options for alopecia areata?
It's difficult watch and wiat first, then you can use topical or IL steroids Try minoxidil
57
What is secondary alopecia?
It's diffuse hair thinning as a complication of an existing mediation or medical problem often from chemotherapy meds, thyroid problems, iron deficiency, nutritional disorders, renal/hepatic failure
58
What is the most common cause of tinea capitis? Who is affected most often?
trichophyton tonsurans african american kids
59
What is the standard treatement for trichophyton tonsurans?
oral griseofulvin also terinafine or itraconazole
60
What are the two general forms of pediculosis?
pediculus humanus capitus (head lice) Pthirus pubic (pubic lice)
61
What are the treatment options for pediculosis?
permethrin (Nix or elimite) Malathion Vaseline (for eyelids) Cetaphil cleanser remove the nites HOT water and dryer for clothes and bedding. Put unwashables in a bag for 2 weeks
62
What is paronychia?
inflammation of the nail folds can be infectious or noninfectious
63
How can you avoid/treat ingrown nails?
always cut nails straight across don't tear of pull them wear proper fitting shoes soak them take antibiotic if infections surgery if necessary
64
What is onychymycosis?
fungal growth on or under the nail
65
What are the common organisms for onychomycosis?
trichophyton rubrum trichyphyton mentagrophytes (diagnose with nail clipping cultures)
66
What is the best way to treat onchymycosis?
oral tervinafine or itraconazole
67

SMS Week 3 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions