Dermatology Review Flashcards
what are the layers of the epidermis is order?
- stratum corneum
- stratum lucidum
- stratum granulosum
- stratum spinosum
- stratum basale
How is sebum formed?
It is formed by the gland when the cells of the gland are broken down and is converted into lipids
What are the abnormal skin colors?
palor (pale) cyanosis erythema jaundice/ scleral icterus ashen/dusky (grey)
what is the most important question to ask about a mole?
Has is changed over time?
What are the etiologies of acanthosis nigricans?
- hereditary benign
- endocrine disorders associated with IR
- obesity
- drug induced
- malignant
what are the SE of local steroid use?
telangiectasias, purpura, epi/dermal/subcut atrphy, striae, hypopigmentation
SE of systemic steroid use?
rebound rosacea and perioral dermatitis adrenal suppression (HPA) glaucoma and cataracts infections allergic reactions
why do you not use a short course steroid pack for Rhus dermatitis?
because you can get rebound dermatitis that is worse than the original dermatitis
What is the most sensitizing antibiotic?
neomycin
what should you tell your patients that are sensitive to sunlight?
wear sunscreen and put it on a 1/2 hour before you go in the sun
stay out of the sun from 10-2
cover up
what is a junctional nevus?
located at the dermal/ epidermal junction above the basement membrane
What is a compound nevus?
nevus cells invade the papillary dermic and are found in both the epidermis and the dermis
dermal nevus?
found exclusively in the dermis
what is the natural progression of a nevus?
- it begins with a junctional nevus (flat, small, brown lesion: common in the first decade of life)
- next 2 decades the nevus becomes raised and it represents a dermal component or compound nevus (common in puberty)
- 7th and 8th decades the nevus looses its junctional component and dark pigmentation, undergoes fibroses and becomes a dermal nevus
what is an atypical nevi?
asymmetrical
irregular border
irregular color
larger in size
ABCDE’s
what is an ominous sign?
Asymmetry border irregularity/bleeding color diameter >6 mm elevation/evolving *bleeding or ulceration is an ominous sign
what are the reasons for removing a mole?
- if it has undergone change
- if it is suspected to me a melanoma
- if it is benign appearing mole, in a patient at and increased risk of melanoma and the mole is in a area where the patient in unable to monitor it
Describe a blue nevus?
“blue papule” commonly found in individuals of asian decent.
Can look like nodular malignant melanoma - so if it changes, rule this out.
what is a halo nevus?
a benign lesion characterized by complete depigmentation surrounding the pigmented lesion
what is the etiology of halo nevus?
autoimmune phenomenon- increased incidence of vitiligo associated with this condition
what is the management and prognosis of halo nevus?
no treatment required is you are sure of the diagnosis
nevus may disappear and the depigmentation will resolve spontaneously
what is the first sign of sun damage?
freckles
what makes freckles different from lentigines?
freckles come and go with sun exposure and there is increased melanin production without melanocytic proliferation
where characteristics of lentigines?
There are found only in sun exposed areas are represent a later complication of solar damage
There are permanent pigmented lesions
increased the number of melanocytes