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Dermatology > Dermatology Physical Exam > Flashcards

Dermatology Physical Exam Flashcards

Identify and describe skin conditions.

1
Q

Non-palpable less than 1 cm lesion.

A

Macule

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2
Q

Non-palpable greater than 1 cm lesion.

A

Patch

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3
Q

Palpable, greater than 1 cm lesion

A

Plaque

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4
Q

Palpable, less than 1 cm lesion

A

Papule

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5
Q

Palpable, greater than 2 cm, dome shaped.

A

Nodule

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6
Q

Clear, fluid filled lesion (likely less than 1-2cm)

A

Vesicle

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7
Q

Pus/purulent filled lesion

A

Pustule

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8
Q

Large, clear, fluid filled lesion grater than 2 cm

A

Bullae

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9
Q

Splitting of the skin.

A

Fissure

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10
Q

Thickening of the skin or accentuation of skin lines as a result of chronic rubbing or scratching.

A

Lichenification.

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11
Q

Partial loss of epidermis as a result of scratching or injuring the skin

A

Erosion

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12
Q

Full thickness loss of epidermis as a result of friction or other primary processes.

A

Ulceration

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13
Q

A chronic eruption of pruritic, erythematous, oozing papules and plaques, usually with secondary lichenification (diffuse epidermal thickening) and excoriation (superficial abrasions of the skin).

A

Atopic Dermatitis/Eczema

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14
Q

What are the four phases of wound repair?

A
  1. Coagulation
  2. Inflammatory response
  3. Proliferative-migratory
  4. Remodeling
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15
Q

What is pruritus?

A

Itching.

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16
Q

What is dysesthesia?

A

Abnormal sensation

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17
Q

What is lipoatrophy?

A

Loss of fat.

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18
Q

What are the three layers of the skin?

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Subcutis/Subcutaneous.
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19
Q

Top most layer of skin and consists of primarily keratinocytes.

A

Epidermis.

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20
Q

Below the epidermis and consists primarily of fibroblasts, collagen and elastic fibers.

A

Dermis

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21
Q

Below the dermis, consisting primarily of fat.

A

Subcutis/Subcutaneous.

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22
Q

What are four major layers of the epidermis in order of outside to inside?

What is fifth layer in thick skin?

What is mnemonic?

A

Stratum corneum.
Stratum granulosum.
Stratum spinososum.
Stratum basale.

Stratum lucidum.

CLGSB

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23
Q

Function of the basal layer?

A

Source of epidermal stem cells, cell division occurs here. Keratinocytes start in basal layer.

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24
Q

Function of Spinous layer?

A

Has “spiny” desmosomal junctions which hold keratinocytes together.

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25
Q

Function of Granular layer?

A

Lipids are made by keratinocytes in this layer. Where they are secreted into the extracellular space between keratinocytes to form water barrier

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26
Q

Function of stratum corneum?

A

Provide barrier against trauma and infection with thickened layer of flattened keratinized non-nucleated cells.

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27
Q

Apply brick and mortar to stratum corneum.

A

Bricks are the flattened keratinocytes.

Mortar is the lipid mixture which surrounds the keratinocytes and is the water barrier.

28
Q

What is filaggrin and what does it do?

A

Protein found in granular layer, retains water within keratinocytes.

29
Q

Mutation in filaggrin can cause what?

A

Atopic dermatitis

30
Q

What is Bullous Pemphigoid?

A

Autoimmune eruption of tense bullae (raised, circumscribed, serous filled lesions) occurring in the elderly, most often chronic and benign in nature.

Autoantibodies directed against components of the hemidesmosome which attach basal keratinocytes to the basement membrane, leading to subepidermal, tense, nonacantholytic bullae. Detachment of the entire thickness of the epidermis may occur.

31
Q

What is psoriasis?

A

Epidermal turnover is increased to where there is inadequate time for differentiation which is recognized as scale.

32
Q

What are the three main types of cells make up epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes
Melaocytes
Langerhans

33
Q

What is most common cell in epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes

34
Q

What holds keratinocytes together?

A

Desmosomes

35
Q

Where are melanocytes found?

Frequency among keratinocytes?

A

Staggered along the basal cell layer.

1:10

36
Q

What do melanocytes do?

A

Produce melanin

37
Q

What are melanocytic nevi?

A

benign collections of melanocytes.

38
Q

What is melanoma

A

Malignancy of melanocytes.

39
Q

What are langerhan cells and where are they found?

A

Dendritic cells found in the mid-epidermis.

40
Q

What is function of Langerhan cells?

A

Function in the afferent limb of immune response by providing for the recognition, uptake, processing and presentation of antigens to sensitized T-lymphocytes, and are important in the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity.

41
Q

Define contact dermatitis

A

Inflammation of the skin induced by contact with a specific allergen and resulting clinically in edema and erythema, usually with superimposed vesicles or bullae. Contact dermatitis may be further categorized as allergic or irritant.

42
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis from superficial to deep?

A
  1. Papillary dermis.

2. Reticular dermis.

43
Q

What is the function of dermis? How thick?

A

Support structure, 1-4 mm thick.

44
Q

True/False: The dermis does not have blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves?

A

False, these supply the skin as well as sweat glands and hair follicles.

45
Q

What two principle cell types are in the dermis?

A

Fibroblasts and mast cells.

46
Q

What are the function of fibroblasts?

A

Synthesis and degradation of connective tissue proteins.

47
Q

What are keloids?

A

Abnormal scars resulting from uncontrolled synthesis and excessive deposition of collagen at site of dermal injury.

48
Q

What is function of mast cells?

A

Responsible for immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions in the skin.

49
Q

Urticaria

A

Vascular reaction of skin characterized by wheals surrounded by a red halo of flare.

50
Q

What is function of the subcutaneous/subcutis layer?

A

Insulate body and serve as energy storage, cushions and protects skin and allows for its mobility over underlying structures.

51
Q

Erythema nodosum

A

Appears as deep-seated erythematous nodules typically on the shins.

52
Q

What is included in adnexal structures?

A

pilosebaceous unit and eccrine glands.

53
Q

What does pilosebaceous unit consist of?

A
  1. Hair follicle.
  2. Sebaceous gland
  3. Apocrine gland.
  4. Arrector pili muscle.
54
Q

Acne vulgaris and causes.

A

Disorder of pilisebaceous unit.

  1. flogging hair follicle as result of abnormal keratinization of upper portion.
  2. P. Acnes in the hair follicle.
  3. Presence of hormones.
  4. Sebaceous gland activity.
55
Q

Do eccrine sweat glands involve hair follicle?

A

No.

56
Q

Lack of eccrine glands can result in what?

A

Hyperthermia.

57
Q

Carbuncle / Furuncle

A

A furuncle is an acute, round, firm, tender, circumscribed, perifollicular staphylococcal pyoderma that usually ends in central suppuration. A carbuncle is two or more confluent furuncles with separate heads.

58
Q

What is pus made from?

A

Leukocytes and liquor puris

59
Q

Abscess

A

A common infection characterized by a localized accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with tissue necrosis involving the dermis and subcutaneous tissue.

60
Q

What happens to erosions after weeping?

A

They crust over.

61
Q

Ulcer

A

Complete loss of the epidermis in addition to part of the dermis. Often heal with scaring.

62
Q

True/False: Erosions heal with scars.

A

False.

63
Q

Tinea Versicolor

A

Fungal infection of the skin at the stratum corneum that causes pigmentary changes and scaling in the epidermis. The lesions appear as patches with fine scale and can be pink, tan, or most commonly, white.

64
Q

Dermatomal distribution

A

Following lines of skin innervation by cutaneous branches of a single spinal nerve.

65
Q

Know configurations.

A

https://www.visualdx.com/learnderm/shape-configuration

Dermatology (1 decks)

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