Dermatology Overview Flashcards
What is a primary dermatologic lesion?
A lesion present at birth or the result of disease, allergic reaction, or environmental agents
Name four primary dermatologic lesions
macule, patch, papule, plaque, vesicle, bulla, nodule, wheal, pustule
What do you call a flat lesion that is perceptible only as an area of color different from the surrounding skin
macule
what do you call a solid, elevated lesion that is less than .5 cm in size
papule
what do you call a lesion that looks like a macule but is larger than 0.5 cm
patch
what do you call a solid, plateau-like elevation that has a large surface area in comparison with its height above skin level and a diameter larger than 0.5 cm
plaque
what do you call a fluid filled cavity or elevation smaller than 0.5 cm
vesicle
what do you call a fluid filled cavity or elevation larger than 0.5 cm
bulla
what do you call a sound, round or ellipsoidal, palpable lesion with a diameter larger than 0.5 cm
nodule
what do you call swelling of the skin that is characteristically evanescent and disappears within hours? What are two other names for this lesion?
wheal, hives, or urticaria
what do you call an encapsulated sac lined with true epithelium that contains fluid or semisolid material (cells and cell products)
cyst
what is a secondary dermatolic lesion
changes in the skin as a result of primary skin lesions
what are four examples of secondary lesions
scale, crust, erosion, fissure, ulceration, excoriation, and lichenification
what do you call a defect in which the dermis and at least the papillary (upper) dermis have been destroyed?
ulcer
what do you call a flat plate or flake arising from the outermost layer of stratum corneum?
scale (desquamation)
what do you call hardened deposits on the skin that result from dried serum, blood, or purulent exudate?
crust
what color is crust from dried serous secretions?
yellow-brown
what color is crust from purulent secretions?
turbid yellowish-green
what color is crust from hemorrhagic secretions?
reddish-black
what should you think if you see a honey crusted lesion
impetigo
what do you call a moist, circumscribed lesion that results from loss of some or all of the viable epidermal or mucosal epithelium
erosion
what do you call surface excavations of epidermis as a result of scratching
excoriation
what do you call proliferation of fibrous tissue that replace previously normal tissue after a wound breaches the reticular dermis
scar
what do you call reactive thickening of the skin with accentuated markings (resembles tree bark)
lichenification
what is glossy, almost transparent, paper thin and wrinkled skin that may not retain normal skin lines
atrophic
what is formed when several furuncles coalesce
carbuncle
what do you call an inflamed follicle-centered nodule with a central necrotic plug and an overlying pustule
furuncle
what do you call localized accumulation of purulent material that is soo deep in the dermis that the pus is usually not visible on the surface of the skin
abscess
what skin lesion presents as pink, erythematous, warm, tender, fluctuant nodule? What population is this lesion common in?
abscess; addicts
what do you call a wavy, threadlike tunnel through the outer portion of the epidermis that is excavated by a parasite? What is a common cause of this lesion?
burrow; scabies
what do you call redness due to vascular dilatation
erythema
what do you call redness due to extravasated erythrocytes or erythrocyte products
purpura
how do you differentiate between erythema and purpura
erythema blanches, purpura doesn’t
what do you call purpura that are less than 1 cm in diameter
petechiae
what do you call bright, non-pulsatile red lines or net-like patterns on the skin (persistent dilatations of small capillaries in the superficial dermis)
telangiectasia
what do you call a hair follicle infundibulum that is dilated and plugged by keratin and lipids
comedone
what do you call a hyperkeratotic conical mass of cornified cells arising over an abnormally differentiating epidermis
horn
what do you call hard, whitish nodules or plaques in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue
calcinosis
what do you call linear loss of continuity of the skin’s surface that reslults from excessive tension or decreased elasticity of the involved tissue
fissure
what do you call excessive accumulation of scale resulting in a yellowish thickening of the skin (usually on palms or soles)
keratoderma
what do you call linear depressions of the skin that result from changes in reticular collagen and are caused by rapid stretching of the skin
striae
what do you call a tract connecting deep suppurative cavities to each other or to the surface of the skin? What usually causes these?
sinus; infection
how do you describe a ringe shaped lesion with an edge that is raised, scaly, or of a different color
annular
how do you describe a coin shaped lesion with uniform morphology
nummular
how do you describe coalescing circles, rings, or incomplete rings
polycyclic
how do you describe arc-shaped lesions that are often incomplete formations of annular lesions
arcuate
how do you describe lesions with somewhat regularly spaced rings or partial rings with sparing of intervening skin
reticular
how do you describe a serpentine or snake-like lesion
serpiginous
how do you describe a target-like lesion with at least three distinctive zones? What is this common with?
targetoid; lyme disease
how do you describe a lesion with two distinct colors interspersed in a wavy pattern
whorled
