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Phase 2a - Dermatology > Dermatology Lectures > Flashcards

Dermatology Lectures Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

List the 3 layers of skin.

A

1) epidermis
2) dermis
3) hypodermis

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2
Q

List 4 layers of epidermis.

A

1) stratum corneum
2) stratum granulosum
3) stratum spinosum
4) stratum basale

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3
Q

What is the stratum basale?

A

Dividing cells.

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4
Q

What is the hypodermis?

A

Subcutaneous fat.

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5
Q

List 2 cells found in the dermis.

A

1) Meissner’s corpuscles

2) Pacinian corpuscles

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6
Q

What is the function of Meissner’s corpuscles?

A

Light touch.

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7
Q

What is the function of Pacinian corpuscles?

A

Coarse touch and vibration.

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8
Q

List 6 functions of the skin.

A

1) protection against infection
2) protection against trauma
3) protection against UV
4) temperature regulation
5) water loss regulation
6) vitamin D synthesis

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9
Q

What is the pH of the skin?

A

pH 5.5.

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10
Q

List 4 cell types found in the epidermis.

A

1) keratinocytes
2) melanocytes
3) Langerhans cells
4) Merkel cells

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11
Q

What is the function of keratinocytes?

A

Produced keratin as a protective trauma and infection barrier.

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12
Q

What is the function of melanocytes?

A

Produce melanin as a protective UV barrier.

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13
Q

What is the function of Langerhans cells?

A

Antigen presenting cells.

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14
Q

What is the function of Merkel cells?

A

Contain specialised nerve endings for sensation.

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15
Q

Define macule.

A

Flat skin lesion <5mm.

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16
Q

Define papule.

A

Elevated skin lesion <5mm.

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17
Q

Define plaque.

A

Elevated scaly/smooth skin lesion >5mm.

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18
Q

Define nodule.

A

Elevated dermal/hypodermal skin lesion >5mm.

19
Q

Define vesicular.

A

Elevated clear fluid filled skin lesion <5mm.

20
Q

Define bulla.

A

Elevated clear fluid filled skin lesion >5mm.

21
Q

Define pustule.

A

Elevated purulent fluid filled skin lesion <5mm.

22
Q

What does acne vulgaris mean?

A

Common acne

23
Q

Define xerosis.

A

Dry skin.

24
Q

What protein is thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of eczema?

A

Filaggrin.

25
Q

What percentage of children have eczema?

A

15-30%.

26
Q

What percentage of adults have eczema?

A

2-10%.

27
Q

What percentage of the population have psoriasis?

A

2%.

28
Q

Define guttate psoriasis.

A

Rain drop like scaly erythematous plaques.

29
Q

What is the most malignant skin cancer?

A

Melanoma.

30
Q

What is the most common skin cancer?

A

Basal cell carcinoma.

31
Q

What is more aggressive and metastatic, SCC or BCC?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma.

32
Q

Define Bowen’s disease.

A

Squamous cell carcinoma confined to the epidermis.

33
Q

What percent of basal cell carcinomas are pigmented?

A

5%, resemble melanomas.

34
Q

Define skin type 1.

A

Skin that burns and doesn’t tan.

35
Q

What cancer is responsible for most cancer deaths in men?

A

Melanoma.

36
Q

What skin cancer commonly affects younger patients?

A

Melanoma.

37
Q

What percentage of melanomas are very dark/almost black/black?

A

> 95%.

38
Q

List 4 types of melanoma.

A

1) nodular (most aggressive)
2) superficial spreading
3) lentils maligna (face)
4) acral (palms/soles)

39
Q

Where do melanomas tend to metastasise to? (3)

A

1) lung
2) liver
3) brain

40
Q

Where does cellulitis generally affect?

A

Lower leg.

41
Q

Define tinea pedis.

A

Athlete’s foot.

42
Q

What type of skin ulcer is the most painful?

A

Arterial skin ulcer.

43
Q

List 4 common sites for arterial skin ulcers.

A

1) anterior shins
2) over metatarsal joints
3) under heels
4) over malleoli

44
Q

List 2 common sites for neuropathic skin ulcers.

A

1) under heels

2) under metatarsal heads

Phase 2a - Dermatology (2 decks)

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