Dermatology Lectures

Question 1

List the 3 layers of skin.

Answer 1

1) epidermis
2) dermis
3) hypodermis

Question 2

List 4 layers of epidermis.

Answer 2

1) stratum corneum
2) stratum granulosum
3) stratum spinosum
4) stratum basale

Question 3

What is the stratum basale?

Answer 3

Dividing cells.

Question 4

What is the hypodermis?

Answer 4

Subcutaneous fat.

Question 5

List 2 cells found in the dermis.

Answer 5

1) Meissner’s corpuscles

2) Pacinian corpuscles

Question 6

What is the function of Meissner’s corpuscles?

Answer 6

Light touch.

Question 7

What is the function of Pacinian corpuscles?

Answer 7

Coarse touch and vibration.

Question 8

List 6 functions of the skin.

Answer 8

1) protection against infection
2) protection against trauma
3) protection against UV
4) temperature regulation
5) water loss regulation
6) vitamin D synthesis

Question 9

What is the pH of the skin?

Answer 9

pH 5.5.

Question 10

List 4 cell types found in the epidermis.

Answer 10

1) keratinocytes
2) melanocytes
3) Langerhans cells
4) Merkel cells

Question 11

What is the function of keratinocytes?

Answer 11

Produced keratin as a protective trauma and infection barrier.

Question 12

What is the function of melanocytes?

Answer 12

Produce melanin as a protective UV barrier.

Question 13

What is the function of Langerhans cells?

Answer 13

Antigen presenting cells.

Question 14

What is the function of Merkel cells?

Answer 14

Contain specialised nerve endings for sensation.

Question 15

Define macule.

Answer 15

Flat skin lesion <5mm.

Question 16

Define papule.

Answer 16

Elevated skin lesion <5mm.

Question 17

Define plaque.

Answer 17

Elevated scaly/smooth skin lesion >5mm.

Question 18

Define nodule.

Answer 18

Elevated dermal/hypodermal skin lesion >5mm.

Question 19

Define vesicular.

Answer 19

Elevated clear fluid filled skin lesion <5mm.

Question 20

Define bulla.

Answer 20

Elevated clear fluid filled skin lesion >5mm.

Question 21

Define pustule.

Answer 21

Elevated purulent fluid filled skin lesion <5mm.

Question 22

What does acne vulgaris mean?

Answer 22

Common acne

Question 23

Define xerosis.

Answer 23

Dry skin.

Question 24

What protein is thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of eczema?

Answer 24

Filaggrin.

Question 25

What percentage of children have eczema?

Answer 25

15-30%.

Question 26

What percentage of adults have eczema?

Answer 26

2-10%.

Question 27

What percentage of the population have psoriasis?

Answer 27

2%.

Question 28

Define guttate psoriasis.

Answer 28

Rain drop like scaly erythematous plaques.

Question 29

What is the most malignant skin cancer?

Answer 29

Melanoma.

Question 30

What is the most common skin cancer?

Answer 30

Basal cell carcinoma.

Question 31

What is more aggressive and metastatic, SCC or BCC?

Answer 31

Squamous cell carcinoma.

Question 32

Define Bowen’s disease.

Answer 32

Squamous cell carcinoma confined to the epidermis.

Question 33

What percent of basal cell carcinomas are pigmented?

Answer 33

5%, resemble melanomas.

Question 34

Define skin type 1.

Answer 34

Skin that burns and doesn’t tan.

Question 35

What cancer is responsible for most cancer deaths in men?

Answer 35

Melanoma.

Question 36

What skin cancer commonly affects younger patients?

Answer 36

Melanoma.

Question 37

What percentage of melanomas are very dark/almost black/black?

Answer 37

>95%.

Question 38

List 4 types of melanoma.

Answer 38

1) nodular (most aggressive) 2) superficial spreading 3) lentils maligna (face) 4) acral (palms/soles)

Question 39

Where do melanomas tend to metastasise to? (3)

Answer 39

1) lung 2) liver 3) brain

Question 40

Where does cellulitis generally affect?

Answer 40

Lower leg.

Question 41

Define tinea pedis.

Answer 41

Athlete’s foot.

Question 42

What type of skin ulcer is the most painful?

Answer 42

Arterial skin ulcer.

Question 43

List 4 common sites for arterial skin ulcers.

Answer 43

1) anterior shins 2) over metatarsal joints 3) under heels 4) over malleoli

Question 44

List 2 common sites for neuropathic skin ulcers.

Answer 44

1) under heels | 2) under metatarsal heads