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Dermatology lecture 1 pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Dermatology

A

The branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders.

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2
Q

Layers of the skin (superficial to deep)

A

Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum granulosum, basal cell layer, dermis

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3
Q

Fitzpatrick Skin Type

A
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4
Q

ROS questions to ask for skin

A

High-yield questions for cutaneous disorders include fever, chills, fatigue, weight changes, lymphadenopathy, joint pain/stiffness, wheezing, rhinitis, menstrual history, birth control history, photosensitivity, depression, and anxiety.

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5
Q

5 steps to diagnose a skin disorder

A

1) type of primary lesion
2) secondary features
3) color of lesion
4) shape of the lesion
5) arrangement and distribution of the lesions

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6
Q

Types of Primary Lesions

A
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7
Q

Types of Primary Lesions pt 2

A
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8
Q

Characteristics f Primary Lesions

A

-State the diameter
-Relationship of the lesion to the surface of the skin (eg. elevated or flat)
-Composition of the lesion (solid or fluid filled)

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9
Q

Color of lesions

A
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10
Q

Color of lesions continued

A
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11
Q

Shape of the lesion

A
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12
Q

Arrangement / Distribution of lesions

A
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13
Q

Arrangement / Distribution of lesions pt 2

A
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14
Q

Identify the imagine

A

Vitiligo

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15
Q

What is a Macule?

A

Circumscribed area of change in normal skin color. Less than 1cm. No elevation or depression

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16
Q

What are examples of macules?

A

Freckles, flat moles, petechiae, measles

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17
Q

What is a patch?

A

Is a large, greater than 1cm, flat lesion with a color different from the surrounding skin.

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18
Q

Examples of patches?

A

Vitiligo, port wine stains, Mongolian spots, cafe-au lait patch.

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19
Q

What is this skin condition?

A

Nodule. Nodular amelanotic melanoma

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20
Q

How to describe a nodule?

A

Solid, round or ellipsoidal lesion that may involve the epidermis, dermis, or subcutaneous tissue. Ex) dermatofibroma

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21
Q

What is the depth of a nodule?

A

Depth and size great than 1 cm. This differentiates it from a papule

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22
Q

Describe a tumor

A

Tumor is a nodule that is greater than 2 cm in diameter. Ex) neoplasm or lipoma

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23
Q

Identify image

A
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24
Q

How to describe a Vesicle and Bulla? Examples of diseases

A

Circumscribed, elevated, superficial cavity containing fluid. Thin walls.
Ex) HSV or Contact Dermatitis

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25
How to differentiate vesicle vs bulla
Vesicle is less than 1cm Bulla is greater than 1 cm
26
How to describe a cyst
A cyst is a soft encapsulated lesion with semisolid/liquid content
27
How is a cyst different from bulla?
Cysts aren't as transparent as bull. Also cyst do not unroof the skin if pressed upon
28
What type of lesions and what condition?
Papules and plaques. Chronic allergic contact dermatitis
29
What is a papule? What are examples?
Papule is a superficial, solid lesion, usually less than 1 cm in diameter Ex) closed comedones, raised moles, whiteheads in acne
30
What are these imagines of?
Plaques
31
How do you describe plaques?
A plateau-like elevation greater than 1cm in diameter above the skin surface that occupies a larger surface area than height Often formed by confluence of papules
32
What do plaques look like in psoriasis vs eczema?
Usually well-defined in psoriasis Gradually blends with surrounding skin in eczema
33
Identify the image
Wheal. Urticaria
34
How do you define a wheal?
Rounded pale-red papule or plaque that characteristically disappears in hours. Should blanche can change rapidly in size and shape due to edema in the dermis
35
Identify image
Pustules from Pustular psoriasis
36
How to describe pustule?
Circumscribed, superficial cavity of the skin that contains purulent exudate. Varies in size
37
What conditions are pustules common?
Acne, folliculitis, Ant bites. Can be caused by bacteria but does not allows signify infection
38
What is this secondary feature?
Scale. Psoriasis
39
What is desquamation aka scaling?
Scales are flakes of the stratum corneum
40
How are scales described in psoriasis?
Scales may be large or tiny, adherent or loose
41
Condition seen in this image?
Psoriasis
42
Condition seen in this image?
Solar (actinic) keratosis
43
How are scales described in actinic keratosis?
Densely adherent scales result from a localized increase in stratum corneum. Feels like sandpaper
44
What is this secondary feature?
Crust. Collapsed bullae of pemphigus
45
What is crust?
Develops when serum, blood, or purulent exudate dries on the skin surface
46
How is crust scene in impetigo
Crust is thin, delicate, and friable
47
How is crust in Ecthyma?
Involves the entire epidermis. Crusts may be thick and adherent. Classified as ecthyma when it is accompanied by necrosis of deeper tissir
48
What is this condition?
Impetigo
49
What is this condition?
Ecthyma
50
What is Lichenification?
Thickening of skin with accentuation of normal skin surface markings most commonly due to chronic rubbing
51
What is this secondary feature?
Lichenification. Seen in atopic dermatitis on dorsal hand
52
What is this secondary feature?
Fissure. Callous on heel.
53
Definition of fissure
Linear, sharply defined, deep crack in skin
54
Definition of erosion
Localized loss of part or all of the epidermis. No other layers. Will not scar
55
Definition of excoriation?
Linear or punctate, superficial, erosions in the epidermis caused by fingernails (scratching) and sharp objects. May extend into dermis.
56
What two secondary features are depicted?
Excoriation and erosions from lichenoid drug rash
57
Definition of ulcer?
Skin defect causing loss of epidermis, partial dermis, and may extend into subcutaneous. Will cause scarring
58
What secondary feature is this?
Ulcer. Venous ulcer on leg
59
Definition of Eschar?
Black, hard crust resulting from tissue necrosis of the epidermis and/or dermis.
60
What is this secondary feature?
Eschar. Heparin necrosis
61
What is this secondary feature?
Macerated. Softening and break down of skin from prolonged exposure to moisture
62
Definition of atrophy
Depression and/or surface change in skin as the result of diminution of a component of the epidermis, dermis, or fat.
63
Definition of a scar
Depressed or elevated proliferation of connective tissue that has replaced inflamed or traumatized skin
64
What is this secondary feature?
Atrophy. Caused by Lichen sclerosis. Stiffening and scarring with depression.
65
What secondary feature is depicted?
Depressed scar. From herpes zoster
66
What secondary feature is this?
Elevated scar. From hypertrophic scar after laceration
67
What is a keloid
An irregular fibrous tissue formed at the site of a scar
68
What is this a picture of?
Keloid. Described a erythematous nodule of scar tissue
69
What are two conditions that blanche when compressed?
Spider Hemangioma and Telangiectasia
70
What condition is this and define it?
Spider hemangioma- common with liver disease. -central arteriole with radiating thin-walled vessels
71
What is Telangiectasia
Dilated, superficial blood vessels
72
Identify image
Cherry hemangiomas aka campbell de morgan spots
73
What are cherry hemangiomas
Discrete papules that do not blanch * Benign proliferation of endothelial cells.
74
How do you treat cherry hemangiomas?
Generally, no treatment, but excisional biopsy may help to r/o malignant melanoma if hemangioma is darker in color. * Alternatives include cryosurgery or laser therapy
75
Melanocyctic Nevi?
Melanocytes scatter to basal layer during embryo development. Based on distribution can be macular (cafe au lait) or nests of melanocytes (moles)
76
What increases melanocytic nevi and how to treat?
Sun exposure increases Surgical excision for diagnostic or cosmetic reasons. Alway send tissue to patho
77
Identify these type of melanocytic nevi
78
Identify these types of melanocytic nevi
79
MC to have telangiectasias and significance?
elderly. No major significance just cosmetic
80
What is dermatographism?
form of urticara in which whealing occurs in the site and in the configuration of application of stroking the skin
81
What is lymphangitis
An infection that follows the lymphatic channels in an attempt to make it to the heart . AKA blood poisoning
82
Characteristics of lesions
83
Describe the lesion using characteristics
84
Describe the lesion using characteristics

Clinical Medicine (5 decks)

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