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Clinical Medicine > Dermatology lecture 1 pt 1 > Flashcards

Dermatology lecture 1 pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Dermatology

A

The branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders.

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2
Q

Layers of the skin (superficial to deep)

A

Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum granulosum, basal cell layer, dermis

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3
Q

Fitzpatrick Skin Type

A
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4
Q

ROS questions to ask for skin

A

High-yield questions for cutaneous disorders include fever, chills, fatigue, weight changes, lymphadenopathy, joint pain/stiffness, wheezing, rhinitis, menstrual history, birth control history, photosensitivity, depression, and anxiety.

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5
Q

5 steps to diagnose a skin disorder

A

1) type of primary lesion
2) secondary features
3) color of lesion
4) shape of the lesion
5) arrangement and distribution of the lesions

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6
Q

Types of Primary Lesions

A
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7
Q

Types of Primary Lesions pt 2

A
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8
Q

Characteristics f Primary Lesions

A

-State the diameter
-Relationship of the lesion to the surface of the skin (eg. elevated or flat)
-Composition of the lesion (solid or fluid filled)

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9
Q

Color of lesions

A
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10
Q

Color of lesions continued

A
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11
Q

Shape of the lesion

A
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12
Q

Arrangement / Distribution of lesions

A
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13
Q

Arrangement / Distribution of lesions pt 2

A
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14
Q

Identify the imagine

A

Vitiligo

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15
Q

What is a Macule?

A

Circumscribed area of change in normal skin color. Less than 1cm. No elevation or depression

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16
Q

What are examples of macules?

A

Freckles, flat moles, petechiae, measles

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17
Q

What is a patch?

A

Is a large, greater than 1cm, flat lesion with a color different from the surrounding skin.

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18
Q

Examples of patches?

A

Vitiligo, port wine stains, Mongolian spots, cafe-au lait patch.

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19
Q

What is this skin condition?

A

Nodule. Nodular amelanotic melanoma

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20
Q

How to describe a nodule?

A

Solid, round or ellipsoidal lesion that may involve the epidermis, dermis, or subcutaneous tissue. Ex) dermatofibroma

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21
Q

What is the depth of a nodule?

A

Depth and size great than 1 cm. This differentiates it from a papule

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22
Q

Describe a tumor

A

Tumor is a nodule that is greater than 2 cm in diameter. Ex) neoplasm or lipoma

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23
Q

Identify image

A
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24
Q

How to describe a Vesicle and Bulla? Examples of diseases

A

Circumscribed, elevated, superficial cavity containing fluid. Thin walls.
Ex) HSV or Contact Dermatitis

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25
Q

How to differentiate vesicle vs bulla

A

Vesicle is less than 1cm
Bulla is greater than 1 cm

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26
Q

How to describe a cyst

A

A cyst is a soft encapsulated lesion with semisolid/liquid content

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27
Q

How is a cyst different from bulla?

A

Cysts aren’t as transparent as bull. Also cyst do not unroof the skin if pressed upon

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28
Q

What type of lesions and what condition?

A

Papules and plaques. Chronic allergic contact dermatitis

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29
Q

What is a papule? What are examples?

A

Papule is a superficial, solid lesion, usually less than 1 cm in diameter
Ex) closed comedones, raised moles, whiteheads in acne

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30
Q

What are these imagines of?

A

Plaques

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31
Q

How do you describe plaques?

A

A plateau-like elevation greater than 1cm in diameter above the skin surface that occupies a larger surface area than height

Often formed by confluence of papules

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32
Q

What do plaques look like in psoriasis vs eczema?

A

Usually well-defined in psoriasis
Gradually blends with surrounding skin in eczema

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33
Q

Identify the image

A

Wheal. Urticaria

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34
Q

How do you define a wheal?

A

Rounded pale-red papule or plaque that characteristically disappears in hours.

Should blanche

can change rapidly in size and shape due to edema in the dermis

35
Q

Identify image

A

Pustules from Pustular psoriasis

36
Q

How to describe pustule?

A

Circumscribed, superficial cavity of the skin that contains purulent exudate. Varies in size

37
Q

What conditions are pustules common?

A

Acne, folliculitis, Ant bites.
Can be caused by bacteria but does not allows signify infection

38
Q

What is this secondary feature?

A

Scale. Psoriasis

39
Q

What is desquamation aka scaling?

A

Scales are flakes of the stratum corneum

40
Q

How are scales described in psoriasis?

A

Scales may be large or tiny, adherent or loose

41
Q

Condition seen in this image?

A

Psoriasis

42
Q

Condition seen in this image?

A

Solar (actinic) keratosis

43
Q

How are scales described in actinic keratosis?

A

Densely adherent scales result from a localized increase in stratum corneum. Feels like sandpaper

44
Q

What is this secondary feature?

A

Crust. Collapsed bullae of pemphigus

45
Q

What is crust?

A

Develops when serum, blood, or purulent exudate dries on the skin surface

46
Q

How is crust scene in impetigo

A

Crust is thin, delicate, and friable

47
Q

How is crust in Ecthyma?

A

Involves the entire epidermis. Crusts may be thick and adherent. Classified as ecthyma when it is accompanied by necrosis of deeper tissir

48
Q

What is this condition?

A

Impetigo

49
Q

What is this condition?

A

Ecthyma

50
Q

What is Lichenification?

A

Thickening of skin with accentuation of normal skin surface markings most commonly due to chronic rubbing

51
Q

What is this secondary feature?

A

Lichenification. Seen in atopic dermatitis on dorsal hand

52
Q

What is this secondary feature?

A

Fissure. Callous on heel.

53
Q

Definition of fissure

A

Linear, sharply defined, deep crack in skin

54
Q

Definition of erosion

A

Localized loss of part or all of the epidermis. No other layers. Will not scar

55
Q

Definition of excoriation?

A

Linear or punctate, superficial, erosions in the epidermis caused by fingernails (scratching) and sharp objects. May extend into dermis.

56
Q

What two secondary features are depicted?

A

Excoriation and erosions from lichenoid drug rash

57
Q

Definition of ulcer?

A

Skin defect causing loss of epidermis, partial dermis, and may extend into subcutaneous. Will cause scarring

58
Q

What secondary feature is this?

A

Ulcer. Venous ulcer on leg

59
Q

Definition of Eschar?

A

Black, hard crust resulting from tissue necrosis of the epidermis and/or dermis.

60
Q

What is this secondary feature?

A

Eschar. Heparin necrosis

61
Q

What is this secondary feature?

A

Macerated. Softening and break down of skin from prolonged exposure to moisture

62
Q

Definition of atrophy

A

Depression and/or surface change in skin as the result of diminution of a component of the epidermis, dermis, or fat.

63
Q

Definition of a scar

A

Depressed or elevated proliferation of connective tissue that has replaced inflamed or traumatized skin

64
Q

What is this secondary feature?

A

Atrophy. Caused by Lichen sclerosis.
Stiffening and scarring with depression.

65
Q

What secondary feature is depicted?

A

Depressed scar. From herpes zoster

66
Q

What secondary feature is this?

A

Elevated scar. From hypertrophic scar after laceration

67
Q

What is a keloid

A

An irregular fibrous tissue formed at the site of a scar

68
Q

What is this a picture of?

A

Keloid. Described a erythematous nodule of scar tissue

69
Q

What are two conditions that blanche when compressed?

A

Spider Hemangioma and Telangiectasia

70
Q

What condition is this and define it?

A

Spider hemangioma- common with liver disease.
-central arteriole with radiating thin-walled vessels

71
Q

What is Telangiectasia

A

Dilated, superficial blood vessels

72
Q

Identify image

A

Cherry hemangiomas aka campbell de morgan spots

73
Q

What are cherry hemangiomas

A

Discrete papules that do not
blanch
* Benign proliferation of
endothelial cells.

74
Q

How do you treat cherry hemangiomas?

A

Generally, no treatment, but excisional biopsy may help to r/o malignant melanoma if hemangioma is darker in color.

  • Alternatives include cryosurgery
    or laser therapy
75
Q

Melanocyctic Nevi?

A

Melanocytes scatter to basal layer during embryo development.
Based on distribution can be macular (cafe au lait) or nests of melanocytes (moles)

76
Q

What increases melanocytic nevi and how to treat?

A

Sun exposure increases
Surgical excision for diagnostic or cosmetic reasons. Alway send tissue to patho

77
Q

Identify these type of melanocytic nevi

A
78
Q

Identify these types of melanocytic nevi

A
79
Q

MC to have telangiectasias and significance?

A

elderly. No major significance just cosmetic

80
Q

What is dermatographism?

A

form of urticara in which whealing occurs in the site and in the configuration of application of stroking the skin

81
Q

What is lymphangitis

A

An infection that follows the lymphatic channels in an attempt to make it to the heart . AKA blood poisoning

82
Q

Characteristics of lesions

A
83
Q

Describe the lesion using characteristics

A
84
Q

Describe the lesion using characteristics

A

Clinical Medicine (5 decks)

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