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clinical exam and diagnosis > Dermatology intro stupid stuff > Flashcards

Dermatology intro stupid stuff Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions/properties of the skin (13)

A
  1. barrier
  2. protection
  3. motion an shape
  4. adnexa production
  5. temperature regulation
  6. storage
  7. indicator of health etc
  8. immunoregulation
  9. pigmentation
  10. antimicrobial action
  11. sensory perception
  12. secretion and excretion
  13. vit D production
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2
Q

What are the functions/properties of the skin (13)

A
  1. barrier
  2. protection
  3. motion an shape
  4. adnexa production
  5. temperature regulation
  6. storage
  7. indicator of health etc
  8. immunoregulation
  9. pigmentation
  10. antimicrobial action
  11. sensory perception
  12. secretion and excretion
  13. vit D production
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3
Q

What is mechanobullous disease in belgian foals?

A

mutated protein in basement membrane leads to separation of epidermis and dermis

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4
Q

How does bullois pemphigoid occur?

A

basement membrane molecules are targeted by auto-antibodies

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5
Q

What is targeted in pemphigus foliaceous and vulgaris?

A

desmogleins

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6
Q

What forms 85% of the epidermal cells?

A

keratinocytes

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7
Q

What is the basal cell layer?

A

A single row of cells resting on the basement membrane

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8
Q

What is the basement membrane zone?

A

a critical junction between the cells of epidermis and underlying dermis

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9
Q

What are the layers of the skin?

A

basal layer
spinous layer
granular layer
stratum cornum (horny layer)

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10
Q

Why is the ggranular layer called the granular layer?

A

because the keratinocytes have abundant deeply basophilic keratohyalin granules.

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11
Q

Where does the formation of the cornified cell envelope start?

A

in the granular layer

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12
Q

Where does the formation of the cornified cell envelope start?

A

in the granular layer

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13
Q

what is the stratum corneum made up of?

A

terminally differentiated keratinocytes (corneocytes) that are anucleate, flat, keratin-rich, water depleted and surrounded by a complex lipid matrix.

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14
Q

What are the functions of the stratum corneum?

A
  1. mechanical protection
  2. barrier to water loss
  3. prevents entrance of foreign molecules from the environment
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15
Q

What are the 4 distinct cellular events in cornification?

A
  1. keratinization
  2. keratohyalin synthesis
  3. cornified cell envelope formation
  4. lipid secretion
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16
Q

What are the 4 distinct cellular events in cornification?

A
  1. keratinization
  2. keratohyalin synthesis
  3. cornified cell envelope formation
  4. lipid secretion
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17
Q

What is cell turnover time from basal layer to granular layer?

A

21d (less in seborrheic cocker spaniels and irish setters)

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18
Q

What do melanocytes do?

A

Make melanin pigments, store in melanosomes and transfer the melanosomes to keratinocytes.

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19
Q

What are Langerhan cells? What do they do?

A
  1. dendritic antigen-processing/presenting cells of epidermis. process and present antigens to lymphocytes
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20
Q

What do Merkel cells do?

A

Function as mechanoreceptors

21
Q

What are histiocytomas?

A

benign neoplasms of langerhans cells

22
Q

What is the dermis made up of?

A

CT elements, nerve, vessels, epidermally derived appendages, fibrolasts, macrophages, mast cells, transient immune cells

23
Q

What is the role of the dermis?

A
  1. pprovides pliability, elasticity and tensile strength of skin
  2. protects body from mechanical injury
  3. binds water
  4. aids in thermal regulation
  5. contains receptors for sensory stimuli
  6. coordinates and supports epidermis
  7. interacts in repairing and remodelling wounded skin
24
Q

What makes up the ground substance in the dermis?

A

collgenous and elastic fibrous tissue and GAGs, glycoproteins, proteoglycans

25
Q

What makes up the ground substance in the dermis?

A

collgenous and elastic fibrous tissue and GAGs, glycoproteins, proteoglycans

26
Q

What are the roles of the subcutis?

A
  1. energy reserve
  2. protective padding
  3. insulator
27
Q

What are the phases of hair growth?

A
  1. anagen
  2. catagen
  3. telogen
28
Q

What factors influence hair growth?

A
  1. breed
  2. body region
  3. photoperiod
  4. various physiological/hormonal factors
29
Q

What are the roles of sebum?

A
  1. keeps skin soft and pliable
  2. allows stratum corneum to retain moisture
  3. gives hair sheen
  4. some antimicrobial properties
30
Q

What are the roles of sweat?

A
  1. pheromone
  2. antimicrobial properties
  3. thermoregulation–esp horse)
31
Q

What are the roles of the skin microcirculation?

A

1.

32
Q

What are the roles of the skin microcirculation?

A
  1. nutrition and oxygen delivery
  2. temperature regulation
  3. blood pressure regulation
  4. wound repair
  5. immunological events
33
Q

what are the roles of the lymph channels of the skin?

A
  1. regulate pressure of interstitial fluid

2. clear the tissues of cells, proteins, lipids, bacteria and degraded substances

34
Q

What are two examples of disorders of abnormal egress of fluid from cutaneous vasculature?

A
  1. urticaria

2. angioedema

35
Q

What are two examples of ischemic dermatopathy?

A
  1. dermatomyositis

2. vaccine-induced dermatopathy

36
Q

How may pruritus manifest in cats?

A

excessive grooming

37
Q

What is the factor with the greatest influence on cutaneous flora?

A

hydratio nof the stratum corneum–increased moisture supports microbial flora

38
Q

What are ways the stratum corneum defends against damage?

A
  1. tightly packed cells
  2. epidermial lipids, sebum, sweat
  3. inorganic salts and proteins that inhibits microbial growth
  4. free fatty acids (antimicrobial)
  5. IgA (sweat glands)
39
Q

How do resident cutaneous microflora contribute to skin defense?

A

inhibit invading microbes

40
Q

How do resident cutaneous microflora contribute to skin defense?

A

inhibit invading microbes

41
Q

What are nomads of the skin?

A

able to colonize and reproduce for short periods of time and take advantage of changes in the skin’s environment

42
Q

What is the primary cutaneous pathogen in dogs and cats?

A

Staph pseudintermedius

is a resident in anal, nasal and mucocutaneous regions. can spread to skin by grooming. can be commonly found on skin of normal cats and dogs

43
Q

What is mlassezia pachydermatis?

A

lipid-dependent yeast found on normal and abnormal skin and ear canals. has a sympiotic relationship with staphylococci

44
Q

What yeast is a common cuase of dermatitis and otitis in dogs?

A

Malassezia

45
Q

How does generalized demodicosis occur?

A

from profound overgrowth of demodex mites in the skin. can be very severe and potentially fatal

46
Q

The ear canal is lined with what kinds of glands?

A

sebaceous and ceruminous (cerumen=earwax) glands

47
Q

What are 4 signs of external ear disease?

A
  1. head shaking
  2. scatching
  3. otic pain
  4. otic discharge
48
Q

What are clinical signs associated with middle ear disease?

A
  1. greater otic pain than external ear dz
  2. increased head-shaking
  3. lethargy
  4. inappetance
  5. pain on opening of mouth
  6. facial nerve paresis or parlysis, or horner’s syndrome may be present
49
Q

What are clinical signs associated with middle ear disease?

A
  1. greater otic pain than external ear dz
  2. increased head-shaking
  3. lethargy
  4. inappetance
  5. pain on opening of mouth
  6. facial nerve paresis or parlysis, or horner’s syndrome may be present
  7. peripheral vestibular symptoms

clinical exam and diagnosis (10 decks)

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