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RUSVM SAM 2 Spring 2019 > Dermatology Intro > Flashcards

Dermatology Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Erosion

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2
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Scale

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3
Q

What is this? Primary or Secondary?

A

Pustule

Primary

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4
Q

What is the difference about surface scraping using a heat fix & stain slide vs. “normal” surface scrape?

A

No mineral oil with a heat fix!

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5
Q

What is a Dermogram?

A

Lesion distribution chart

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6
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Nodule

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7
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Comedone

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8
Q

What 2 types of derm culture are there? Which is most common?

A

Dermatophyte culture (DTM = dermatophyte test media) - Almost Always

Bacterial

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9
Q

What is this? Primary or Secondary?

A

Papule/Plaque

Primary

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10
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Excoriation

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11
Q

Name this lesion! Primary or Secondary?

A

Follicular Casts

Both!

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12
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Scale

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13
Q

What are you looking for with Acetate tape strip impression smear?

A

Yeast, Surface Parasites (lice, some mites), and their eggs

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14
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Alopecia

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15
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Epidermal Collarette

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16
Q

True or False: If hair shafts fluoresce via Woods lamp, pluck those for the DTM inoculation.

A

TRUE

If nothing fluoresces, use the “sterile toothbrush” technique! “Comb” pet with toothbrush to collect hair/scales used to inoculate media.

DTM or Sabourauds

DTM is test of choice as color change occurs so you MUST look at EVERY DAY!

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17
Q

Small elevation of epidermis filled with pus is?

A

Pustule

Primary

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18
Q

An accumulation of dried serum, exudate on surface of skin is?

A

Crust

Both P & S

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19
Q

A break in epidermis with exposure of dermis is?

A

Ulcer

Secondary

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20
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Plaque

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21
Q

A large palpable mass - Neoplastic enlargement is?

A

Nodule: Tumor

Primary

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22
Q

What can you see on a Hair Pluck/Trichogram (4)?

A

Broke tip ends

Roots (anagen [ball or balloon] vs. telogen [arrowhead]

Ringworm (hyphae vs. arthrospores)

Follicle dysplasias

Surface parasites (lice, mites)

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23
Q

A sharply delineated lesion of edema is?

A

Wheal

Primary

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24
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Erosion

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25
Q

Name this lesion! Primary or Secondary?

A

Epidermal Collarette

Secondary

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26
Q

What is this? Primary or Secondary?

A

Nodule

Primary

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27
Q

True or False: You only need to do a physical exam of the areas with skin issues

A

FALSE Do a complete PE. You could find systemic abnormalities or changes related to the skin complaint. Will help to rule out things on diagnosis list.

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28
Q

What 3 methods are used with heat fix & stain slide?

A

Surface Scraping

Direct Impression

Q-tip

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29
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Pustule

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30
Q

Vesicle or pustule >1 cm in diameter is?

A

Bulla

Primary

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31
Q

Name this lesion(s)!

A

Callus

Fissure

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32
Q

An accumulation of loose fragments of horny layer of skin is?

A

Scale

Both P & S

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33
Q

What is the difference between Primary and Secondary Lesions?

A

Primary is the initial spontaneous lesions that reflect the underlysing disease; often appear & disappear quickly

Secondary evolve from primary lesions or are induced by patient or external factors; often what we or owners see

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34
Q

What are the Secondary Lesions?

A

Epidermal collarette

Lichenification

Scar

Excoriation

Erosion

Ulcer

Fissure

Callus

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35
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Cyst

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36
Q

Explain how to do a superficial skin scrape.

A

Moisten a dulled scalpel blade with liquid paraffin or KOH or mineral oil.

Scrape a larger area because mites are fewer in number

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37
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Nodule

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38
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Crust

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39
Q

What are the indications for doing a skin biopsy (6)?

A

Nodules/tumors

Ulcer/vesicles

Severe acute generalized disease

Mucosal lesions

Lesions unresponsive to rational treatment

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40
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Lichenification

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41
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Vesicle

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42
Q

True or False: After performing a deep skin scrape you do not see any demodex mites. You tell the client that even though you did not see any does not mean they do not have any mites.

A

True!

If negative, may not rule out follicular parasites

*scrape multiple areas to help with accuracy

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43
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Purpura

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44
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Papule

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45
Q

What is this? Primary or Secondary?

A

Bulla

Primary Lesion

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46
Q

What is the most important aspect of Dermatological Exams?

A

Distribution: Location of skin lesions!!!

Also good lighting and magnification, assess skin (haired and non-haired areas), Primary or secondar or both, & body sites.

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47
Q

What are the primary lesions?

A

Macule/patch

Papule

Pustule

Plaque

Nodule

Vesicle

Bulla

Wheal

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48
Q

Name this lesion! Primary or Secondary?

A

Excoriation

Scar

Secondary

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49
Q

Reasons for doing an aerobic bacterial culture are?

A

Cytology shows cocci and rods or just rods

Cocci but no response to right AB administered at right time at right dose

Deep pyoderma

Chronic AB/GC therapy

GSD pyoderma

50
Q

What is the gold standard for identifying environmental allergens?

A

Allergy Testing!

51
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Vesicle

52
Q

What are we looking for with Cytology?

Different methods?

A

Bacteria, Yeast, Cells

Surface scrape, Q-tip, Tape, Impression, FNA

53
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Wheal

54
Q

What is this? Primary or Secondary?

A

Vesicle

Primary

55
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Macule/Patch

56
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Callus

57
Q

A Solid raised palpable lesion >1 cm. Can includes abscess (fluctant lesion in dermis or SQ from pus) is?

A

Nodule

Primary

58
Q

A linear cleavage (cracks) in the epidermis or dermis caused by disease or injury is?

A

Fissure

Secondary

59
Q

Small, solid elevation in skin up to 1 cm in diameter is?

A

Papule

Primary

60
Q

Name this lesion! Primary or Secondary?

A

Fissure

Secondary

61
Q

True or False: You do a superficial skin scrape and it comes back negative. You can confidently say to your client their pet is surface mite free.

A

FALSE

If negative, can not rule out superficial mites!

62
Q

What are the 4 important things to ask for in regards to history?

A

-When, where, what, any change, seasonality, itchy and if so, how severe? -Continuous or intermittent signs -Changes in lesions over time -Rate of progression of signs

63
Q

Elevation of epidermis filled with clear fluid is?

A

Vesicle

Primary

64
Q

Coalition of papules forming flat-topped elevation is?

A

Plaque

Primary

65
Q

A scale arranged in circular pattern. Associated with pustule, vesicle, or ballae are?

A

Epidermal collarette

Secondary

66
Q

Explain how to do a deep skin scrape.

A

Scrape small focal area with dulled blade using mineral oil

Induce capillary hemorrhage (Need to see BLOOD)

Squeeze follicles

Put on glass slide; 10x microscope & low condenser

67
Q

Name this lesion(s)!

A

Crust

Scale

68
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Macule

69
Q

True or False: Knowing everything about past treatments including home remedies is not important.

A

FALSE You need to know all of the things!!!!

70
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Comedone

71
Q

True or False: You can use a woods lamp right after turning it on to find fungal infections.

A

FALSE

Need to turn the lamp on for 5-10 minutes prior to use

72
Q

An absence of hair from area where it is normally present is?

A

Alopecia

Both P & S

73
Q

A Macule >1 cm in size is?

A

Patch

Primary

74
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Papule

75
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Nodule

76
Q

What are the Derm Screening tests (Derm MDB)?

A

Scraping

Cytology

Culture - Especially for ringworn in cats!

77
Q

An accumulation of keratin & sebaceous material stuck to a hair shaft is?

A

Follicular casts

Both P & S

78
Q

A type of macule caused by bleeding into the skin is?

A

Purpura

Primary

79
Q

Name this lesion! Primary or Secondary?

A

Erosion

Secondary

80
Q

50% of M. canis strains produce _______ metabolites that cause hair shaft to fluoresce - _____ _____ - with ultraviolet (UV) light

A

tryptophan

apple green

81
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Plaque

82
Q

A localized hyperplasia of the stratum corneum of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction. Elbows and lateral hock areas are common sites for callus formation in the dog.

A

Callus

Secondary

83
Q

Explain the Fine Needle Aspirate technique.

A

21-23 gauge; attached to 5 ml syringe

Needle in lesion; pull needle out a bit & re-direct it into another site in lesion; aspirate

Release pressure on needle before withdrawing

Disconnect needle from syringe; add few mls air to syringe. Re-attach needle

Express contents in needle onto microscope slide

84
Q

Name this lesion! Primary or Secondary?

A

Alopecia

Both!

85
Q

What are we doing skin scrapes to find?

Superficial vs. Deep?

A

Mites!!

Deep - Demodex

Superficial - Sarcopties + others

86
Q

What are the surface mites we are looking for with a superficial skin scrape (5)?

A

Sarcoptes

Notoedres

Otodectes

Cheyletiella

Demodex gatoi (cats)

87
Q

What is this? Primary or Secondary?

A

Comedone

Both!

88
Q

What is important to remember about the presenting complaint?

A

Need to find out if the current complaint reflects the primary disease or if it is secondary to what came first.

89
Q

A thickening and hardening of the skin, note exaggerated skin lines is?

A

Lichenification

Secondary

90
Q

What are the 3 different biopsy techniques?

A

Punch - sample of disease process or complete removal

Wedge/excisional - Large or fragile lesions; Deeper

Amputation - Nail/Toe

*Send with DETAILED history

91
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Bulla

92
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Comedone

93
Q

Epithelial lined cavity with solid or fluid material is?

A

Cyst

Primary

94
Q

Name this lesion.

A

Vesicle

95
Q

A shallow ulcer that does not break basal layer is?

A

Erosion

Secondary

96
Q

Matching:

Cats

Dogs

All inflammatory skin lesions

All skin diseases

A

Cats - All skin diseases

Dogs - All inflammatory skin lesions

97
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Wheal

98
Q

Name this lesion! Primary or Secondary?

A

Ulcer

Secondary

99
Q

What is this? Primary or Secondary?

A

Wheal

Primary

100
Q

True or False: With Serology it only tests for circulating IgE, there is no positive control, false positives.

A

TRUE

Also there are lab variations, limitations with grouped allergens, and not reliable for Food Allergens

101
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Pustule

102
Q

What is this? Primary or Secondary?

A

Macule/Patch

*Flat spot (<1 cm) on skin with change in skin color

Primary

103
Q

What are the lesions that can be Primary or Secondary?

A

Alopecia

Scale

Crust

Follicular casts

Comedo

104
Q

Explain how to do a skin biopsy.

A

No prep; no scrub!

Do NOT disturb lesions

Gently clip hair

Handle sample as little as possible

Put in 10% formalin

105
Q

A linear abrasion of the skin is?

A

Excoriation

Secondary

106
Q

A dilated hair follicle filled with debris is?

A

Comedone

Both P & S

107
Q

Why is it a good idea to list your problems from most important to least?

A

This helps you to decide in what order to test for/treat things. The client may have limited funds and you want to help the patient to your best ability.

108
Q

True or False: General health, Environment, & Signalment are all parts of the approach to a derm case.

A

TRUE Signalment - helpful with breed predisposition Environment - indoor/outdoor, other animals, other signs, & travel history.

109
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Papule

110
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Pustule

111
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Nodule

112
Q

What are the 4 categories of Derm Diagnostics?

A

Screening Tests

Therapeutic Trials

Advanced Tests

Systemic or Non-skin Tests

113
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Patch

114
Q

What are we looking for with skin cultures?

A

Bacteria/Fungi

^Specific only

Chronic or Deep

Bacterial occassionally (aerobic, anaerobic, mycobacterium)

Fungal usually

115
Q

Left to Right. Name these lesions!

A

Fissure, Erosion, Ulcer

116
Q

Name this lesion! Primary or Secondary?

A

Lichenification

Secondary

117
Q

What are the 5 steps in the approach to dermatological cases.

A

-Problem oriented approach -Identify the problem -Differential Diagnoses -List diagnostic tests needed to rule in or rule out differential diagnoses -Apply treatment

118
Q

A Flat spot (<1 cm) on skin with change in skin color is?

A

Macule

Primary Lesion

119
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Nodule (Tumor)

120
Q

Name this lesion!

A

Purpura

RUSVM SAM 2 Spring 2019 (5 decks)

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