Dermatology - intro

Question 1

how large is skin

Answer 1

a vital organ, one of the largest with a surface area of about 1.8m2 or 1.5-2.0

Question 2

what is the primary role of the epidermis?

Answer 2

protect from the environment and perform critical barrier function

keeps water and other vital substances in and keep foreign substances out

Question 3

what is the primary role of the dermis?

Answer 3

connective tissue that provides resiliency and support to structures or appendages such as sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair and nail

Question 4

where is the subcutaneous dermis?

Answer 4

under the dermis

Question 5

what are the layers of the epidermis?

Answer 5

stratum corneum

stratum granulosum

stratum spinosum

stratum basale

Question 6

whats the horny layer?

Answer 6

startum corneum

Question 7

whats the granula layer

Answer 7

stratum granulosome

Question 8

whats the prickle cell layer?

Answer 8

stratum spinosum

Question 9

what’s the basale layer

Answer 9

stratum basale

Question 10

what is the function of keratinocytes

Answer 10

= skin cells

produce keratin and produce other physical protective barriers

Question 11

what is the function of melanocytes

Answer 11

provide melanin and UV protection

Question 12

what is the function of a hydrolipid film on the skin surface?

Answer 12

provides a permeability barrier

Question 13

what does the dermis house?

Answer 13

collagen and elastin to provide support for structures

Question 14

what does the skin do

Answer 14

-protection the skin against injury, physical agents and UV radiation

-regulates body temperature

-prevents dehydration thus helping to maintain fluid balance

-acts as a sense organs (touch, pain, heat, cold)

• acts as a post for immune surveliance
• has a role in vitamin D production and absorption

Question 15

skin hydration - what is considered hydrated vs not?

Answer 15

normally 10-20%

if drops below 10% then we have a problem

Question 16

what happens when the skin is dehydrated?

Answer 16

the stratum corneum becomes brittle and cracks
- this can lead to the penetration of irritants
- allows for mild inflammation and impaired cell maturation
- reuslts in cahpping

Question 17

how does the barrier regenerate?

Answer 17

starts to regenerate within 24 hours of skin damage

• forms a temporary barrier of parakeratotic cells and dried exudate
• horny layer reforms over 12-25 days

Question 18

what factors contribute to dry skin? (9)

Answer 18

-low ambient humidty
- extremes temperatures
- overuse of surface active agents (soaps)
- physical trauma
- chemical irritants/trauma
- aging
- genetic abnormallities in keratinocyte composition or function
- other medical conditions
- medications (vitamin A, systemic retinoids, anticholingeric, niacin, come chemo Rxs)

Question 19

Hydration - what are some basics of skin care?

Answer 19

• adequate fluid intake
• diet
• sleep
• exercises
• after showing and light towel drying apply moisturizer within 3 minutes when skin is still dry
• moisture and use an oil free moisturer if acne prone

Question 20

How often should we cleans? what is a risk of cleaning too muc?

Answer 20

we should wash face with mild sopa and water a max of 2 times a day (espcecially if you have probkem skin)

too muhc cleasning can lead to dry skin

Question 21

what is the concern of bathing and showering?

Answer 21

prolonged baths or showers can lead to dehydration
bath are more hydratining especillay if we have emulsifying agents

Question 22

What are some additional points to keep in mind about skin hydration?

Answer 22

• astringent and aclohol products should be avpided or caustiously used
• soapless cleansers are preferred
• fragrance free products are preefered
• Use sunscreen at least SPF 15, 20 mins before sun exposure and reapply every 2 hours or after swimming or sweating it off

Question 23

how does aging affect skin hydration?

Answer 23

thinning of the epidermis - fewer active basal cells in the epidermis

slower healing - slower cell turnover

delayed inflammatory reponses - fewer Langerhans cells

reduced tastile sensitivty - reduced pain perception