dermatology (in depth) Flashcards

Question

scabies: - what is it? - who most at risk? - how does it present? 3 - pharm management? 1 - non-pharm management? 2

Answer 1

parasite burrowing under the skin + laying eggs - people who live in close proximity to others (uni halls, care homes etc) - intense itching (esp at night) - bumpy lines under skin -> red dots, norm starts on the hand + works way up - rash spreads over whole body (norm bar head/neck) it is VERY contagious so likely to have spread to others in household etc - topical cream (Permethrin 5% cream) - everyone in house needs to be treated - wash all bedding + clothing at hight temps

Answer 2

- normal reaction - local allergic reaction - anaphylactic reaction - avoid scratching - cold compress - anti-histamines (cream +/or oral) - if get anaphylaxis - if symptoms are getting worse or don't improve after a few days - if large area (>10cm) around bite becomes red +swollen - flu-like symptoms

Answer 3

- head lice eggs - itching (sometimes feeling like there's something moving in your hair) - OTC head lice shampoos - comb through with a special comb

Answer 4

pigmented moles have potential to develop in to melanoma but vast majority don't

Answer 5

- increasing age - many melanocytic naevi (moles) - white skin (that burns easily) - PMH of any type of skin cancer - FH of melanoma - excessive sun exposure - superficial spreading melanoma (70%) nb can get nodular or ones around nails or melanotic too ABCDE ``` A - Asymmetry B - Border irregularity/blurred C - Colour if not uniform D - Diameter >6mm E - Evolving size, shape or colour (or elevation) ``` also - itchy - bleeding or becoming crusty normally on back in.men + legs in women - surgical removal - breslow thickness

Answer 6

- age - male - PMH of any type of skin cancer - sun damage, esp repeated sunburn - fair skin - immunosuppression - rodent ulcer - small, shiny pink or pearly white lump, sometimes variation in pigment - rolled edge - lump slowly grows + may become crusty, bleed - non-healing nb normally found on sun-exposed skin - surgery - cryotherapy - anti-cancer creams

Answer 7

- age - male - PMH of any type of skin cancer - sun damage, esp repeated sunburn - fair skin - immunosuppression - actinic keratosis - enlarging scaly or crusted lumps - usually arise within pre-existing actinic keratosis - may ulcerate - often painful or tender - appear on sun-exposed sites

Answer 8

- diameter > 2cm - location on ear, lip, central face, hands, feet, genitalia (near orifices) - immunocompromised or elderly patients - regional lymph nodes (80%) - surgery/excision is mainstay - can do intensive cryotherapy if very small - can do adjuvant radiotherapy if spread or large

Answer 9

seborrhoeic warts harmless warty spot that appears during adult life as a common sign of skin aging (some people have hundreds) - stuck on warty plaque all people of all races as they get older, start to develop in 30s, rare under age of 20 (90% of over 60s have some) - some genetic component - not related to sun exposure - no malignant potential (but may be mistaken for malignancy) - if itchy, catches on clothing or unsightly can be removed by shave excision and other methods - if worried, take picture and monitor over time nb often grow during pregnancy due to increase in hormones don't confuse with ACTINIC keratosis which is premalignant!!! - totally different but similar name!

Answer 10

- grows under skin in subcutaneous tissue - dome or egg-shaped lump 2-10cm in diameter - feels soft + smooth + is easily moved under the skin with the fingers - some have rubbery or doughy consistency - grow slowly over many years - most common on shoulders, trunk, neck + arms - if painful may be a liposarcoma but, more commonly just have more blood vessels (angiolipoma) - FH - can occur following trauma to area - tend to develop during middle age - clinical diagnosis, if any doubt, can do biopsy often need no treatment, most stop growing - if interfere with movement can remove surgically or by liposuction

Answer 11

- sebaceous cysts slow-growing overgrowth of epidermoid cells with dense fluid inside - no malignant potential anywhere where there is little hair: - face - neck - trunk most arise in adult life - infection - rupture (irritates surrounding skin) leave alone - can excise but often recur - drain and treat w Abx if infected

Answer 12

common benign fibrous nodule small (0.5-1.5cm diameter), firm nodules, tethered to the skin+ mobile over sub cut tissue - skin dimples on pinching the lesion - may appear paler in the centre normally found on lower legs (sometimes arms) - women - often traumatised by things like shaving, may be itchy or painful nb if immunosuppressed, lots can emerge in short space of time - nb no malignant potential can be removed surgically if bothering - can be biopsied if irregular or other signs suspicious of dermatofibrosarcoma

Answer 13

``` cherry angioma (aka senile angioma) - benign overgrowth of endothelial/blood vessel cells ``` firm red, purple or blue papule (when thrombosed, can appear black) - trunk + head - increase in number after age 40 none, unless remove for cosmetic reasons - if large may remove to exclude nodular melanoma

Answer 14

skin tags often mistaken for: - seborrhaeic keratosis - molluscum contagiosum - skin folds (neck, armpit, groin) - obesity - diabetes mellitus - increased age harmless - can be removed for cosmetic reasons using crytherapy, surgery or by ligation (tieing a suture around base)

dermatology (in depth) Flashcards

(38 cards)