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Internal diseases of small animals > Dermatology II > Flashcards

Dermatology II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two divisions of acquired alopecia?

A

Traumatic and non-traumatic

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2
Q

What is alopecia?

A

Partial or complete absence of hair in areas where hair is normally present

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3
Q

Name causes of non-traumatic alopecia:

A

Endocrinopathy
Telogen dysplacia
Nutritional alopecia
Folliculitis
Perifoliculitis
Tumours
Deep pyoderma
Dermatomyositis
Canine pattern baldness
Idiopathic bald thigh syndrome
Feline preauricular and pinnal alopecia
Demodicosis

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4
Q

Etiology of alopecia may be:

A

Hereditary or acquired
Traumatic
Non-traumatic
Hormonal or non-hormonal

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5
Q

Alopecia according to localization?

A

Localized, generalised, regional or multifocal

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6
Q

Hereditary alopecia may result from:

A

Dystrophy or abscence of hair follicles
Hereditary hypotrichosis
Canine primary seborea
Abnormalities in the hair shaft structure
Follicular dysplasia
Color dilution alopecia
Black hair follicular dysplasia
Pattern alopecia
Recurrent flank alopecia

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7
Q

What is hereditary hypotrichosis?

A

Alopetic breeds that are bred deliberately to produce hairless offspring

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8
Q

Alopetic dogs with hereditary hypotrichosis may develop:

A

Mild secondary pyoderma or seborea

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9
Q

What is treatment for congenital hypotrichosis when there is secondary seborea and pyoderma?

A

Antiseborrheic follicular flushing (comedolytic), antibacterial shampo bath and conditioners

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10
Q

What is canine primary seborrhea?

A

A hereditary disorder of keratinization

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11
Q

When is occurrence and what are symptoms of canine primary seborrhea?

A

Occurrence: puppyhood, worsen
CS: dull, dry, lusterless hair coat, excessive scaling, scaly and crusty seborrheic patches and plaques, greasy malodorous skin

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12
Q

What happens during keratinization?

A

Keratinocytes (epithelial cells) morphology changes from small and round to in the basal layer to large, anuclear in the corny layer.

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13
Q

What are the layers of keratinocytes?

A

Basal layer
Spinous layer
Granular layer
Horny layer

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14
Q

How many days does keratinization take?

A

22 days (Beagles)

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15
Q

Which areas are most affected by canine primary seborrhea?

A

Interdigital
Perineum
Face
Axillae
Ventral neck
Abdomen
Skin folds

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16
Q

Ceruminous otitis externa is common with:

A

Canine primary seborrhea

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17
Q

What is follicular dysplacia?

A

A group of dermatoses characterized by a structural hair follicle abnormality and resulting alopecia. Dermatological signs start in young dogs and progress slowly.

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18
Q

Which areas are usually UNaffected in follicular dysplacia?

A

Head and limbs

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19
Q

What is color-dilution alopecia (black hair follicular alopecia)?

A

The most common genodermatosis and include hypotrichosis and extensive alopecia of color-dilute regions, mainly on the trunk. Head and limbs are often spared.

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20
Q

Color dilution alopecia has been reported in:

A

Dogs with blue coats, mainly Doberman, also yorkshire terrier, great dane, saluki, dachshund

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21
Q

Melatonin stimulating hormone deficiency is reported in:

A

Color dilution alopecia

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22
Q

Dermatological signs of color dilution alopecia start;

A

between 4 months and 3 years of age

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23
Q

What is also common in color dilution alopecia?

A

Secondary pyoderma esp. in dorsolumbar region and may cause pruritus

24
Q

Pattern alopecias and recurrent flank alopecia are:

A

Non-inflammatory alopecias (genodermatosis)

25
Q

Clinical signs of pattern alopecia and recurrent flank:

A

alopecia at the base of the convex pinnae, ventral neck, thorax, abdomen and caudal thighs

26
Q

Pattern alopecia and recurrent flank starts around:

A

6 months of age

27
Q

Pattern alopecia breeds:

A

Dachshund, Pinchers, Whippets, Boxers, American water spaniel, Portugese water dog, Irish water spaniel

28
Q

Recurrent flank alopecia breeds:

A

Boxer and English bulldog

29
Q

What is suspected aetiology of recurrent flank alopecia?

A

Episodic follicular dysfunction

30
Q

What may be involved in pathogenesis of recurrent flank alopecia?

A

Melatonin and prolactin from the pituitary gland (involved in hair growth)

31
Q

WHat are dermatological signs of recurrent flank alopecia?

A

alopecia starting on the flanks, hair regrowth some months later.
Bilateral, or unilateral, non-inflammatory. Well-defined borders, often hyperpigmented.

32
Q

Where is alopecia seen in recurrent flank alopecia?

A

Lateral pinnae, bridge of the nose and caudal thighs

33
Q

What is sebaceous adenitis?

A

Destructive, inflammatory disease of sebaceeous glands

34
Q

Sebaceous adenitis is rare, but has been reported in:

A

Young adult to middle aged Standard Poodles, Hungarian Vizslas, Akitas and Samoyeds

35
Q

What are sebaceous glands?

A

Alveolar glands, usually located in groups of two or three in each hair group

36
Q

What are clinical signs of sebaceous adenitis?

A

Mild to severe scaling - dorsum of the back and neck, top of head, face and tail

37
Q

Sebaceous adenitis according to spread:

A

Localized, become multifocal or generalized

38
Q

Pruritus is not usually seen in:

A

Sebaceous adenitis

39
Q

Treatment of sebaceous adenitis:

A

Essential fatty acids, prednisone, vitamin A

40
Q

Epidermal dysplacia occurs in:

A

West Highland White Terrier

41
Q

Epidermal dysplacia is characterized by:

A

Pruritus, seborrhea and lichenification

42
Q

Epidermal dysplacia is presumed to be;:

A

An inherited disorders of keratinization in which a dysplastic epidermis is predisposed to secondary Malassezia infection

43
Q

Clinical signs of Epidermal dysplacia:

A

Greasy haircoat
Mild to moderate pruritus
Pyoderma
Alopecia
Scaling
Crusting
Lichenification
Hyperpigmentation

44
Q

Traumatic acquired alopecia may be caused by:

A

Pruritic dermatoses
Physical and chemical assault

45
Q

Sarcoptes mange is caused by:

A

Sarcoptes scabies var. canis (mite)

46
Q

What is Malassezia pachydermatis?

A

A yeast that is normally found in low numbers in the external ear canals, in perioral areas, in perianal regions and in moist skin folds

47
Q

What is dermatophytosis?

A

An infection of hair coat and stratum corneum caused by keratinophilic fungi

48
Q

What fungi causes dermatophytosis?

A

Microsporum and Trichophyton

49
Q

What is pryotraumatic dermatitis (hot spot)?

A

An acute and rapidly developing surface bacterial skin infection that occurs secondary to self-inflicted trauma.
A lesion that is created when the animal licks, chews, scratches or rubs to a focal area as a response to a pruritic or painful stimulus

50
Q

What is treatment of pyotraumatic dermatitis?

A

Flea control
Lesion is clipped and cleaned
Topical analgesic or corticosteroid containing cream or solution every 8 to 12 hours for 5 to 10 days
Severe pruritis: prednisone 0.5 - 1.0 mg/kg per oral every 24 hours for 5-10 days

Antibiotics if the lesion is surrounded by papules or pustules

51
Q

What is canine hyperadrenocorticism known as?

A

Cushings disease

52
Q

What happens in Cushings disease?

A

Spontaneously occurring hyperadrenocorticism with excessive production of endogenous steroid hormones (glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids) by the adrenal cortex

53
Q

What is Cushings caused by?

A

Hyperfunctioning adrenal tumour (15-20%) or pituitary tumour (80-85%)

54
Q

Pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) is caused by:

A

Excessive production of ACTH from pituitary microadenoma or macroadenoma

55
Q

Iatrogenic induced disease occurs:

A

Secondary to excessive administration of exogenous glucocorticoids

56
Q

Describe haircoat in canine hyperadrenocorticism:

A

Dry and lusterless, slowly progressing, bilaterally symmetrical, alopecia

57
Q
A

Internal diseases of small animals (2 decks)

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