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Dermatology > Dermatology CVT > Flashcards

Dermatology CVT Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What type of neoplasia has been associated with feline-acquired skin fragility?

A

Hepatic neoplasia

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2
Q

What is linear preputial erythema seen with?

A

Testicular neoplasia (sertoli cell tumor and seminoma)

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3
Q

What 2 neoplasia in a cat have been associated with symmetrical ventral alopecia in which the skin appears shiny?

A

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (most common with hepatic mets) and bile duct carcinoma (2 reports)

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4
Q

In which disease had an exfoliative dermatiits in cats been described?

A

Thymoma

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5
Q

In what breed has a syndrome of nodular dermatofibrosis been described and what is it associated with?

A

GSD - autosomal dominant inheritance
Renal cystadenocarcinomas or cystadenomas
NOTE: Female dogs can also get uterine leiomyomas - they should be spayed

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6
Q

In dogs, what is paraneoplastic pemphigus linked to?

A

Antibodies that target desmoplakin, envoplakin, perplakin, desmoglein I and 3 = All proteins that are responsible for connections btwn keratinocytes

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7
Q

What is superficial necrolytic dermatitis associated with?

A

Glucagonoma (more commonly with a yet to be determined alteration in metabolism = depletion of AA)

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8
Q

Where is zinc found in highest concentration?

A

Nasal planum, tongue, foot pad (keratinized tissue)

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9
Q

What is Syndrome I and in which breeds is it common?

A

Zinc Responsive Dermatitis (skin has a flaky silver appearance)
Siberian huskies, Alaskan malamutes, other breeds
Not related to unbalanced diet

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10
Q

In which breed is there a Zn responsive dermatitis in puppies (thought to be rapidly growing)?

A

Pharaoh hound puppies - Syndrome II

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11
Q

In what breed is lethal acrodermatitis seen?

A

White Bull Terriers

CS within a few weeks of life, crusting on extremities and mucocutaneous junctions = Bronchopneumonia and sepsis

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12
Q

What odd PE findings can be found in lethal acrodermatitis?

A

White Bull Terriers

Arched hard palate, stunted growth, splayed digits

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13
Q

What is another name for heptocutaneous syndrome?

A

Superficial necrolytic dermatitis

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14
Q

What other conditions can superficial necrolytic dermatitis be seen with?

A

Hepatopathy (vaculor, phenobarb)
Glucagonoma of pancreas
GI disease (PLE)

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15
Q

Which breeds may be predisposed to hepatocutaneous syndrome?

A

Shetland sheepdogs
West Highland White Terriers
Cocker Spaniels
Scottish Terriers

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16
Q

What AUS finding is consistent with superficial necrolytic dermatitis?

A

Honeycomb pattern (Hypoechic regions surrounds by hyperechoic borders)

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17
Q

What is low in animals with superficial necrolytic dermatitis?

A

Hypoaminoacidemia - Less than 60% of normal

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18
Q

What are cutaneous xanthomas?

A

Occur when there is an underlying hereditary defect in lipid metbolism or acquired dyslipoproteinemia secondary to diabetes mellitus, or use of megesterol acetate
= Lipid-laden macrophags within the dermis - Pale yellow to white plaques, papules, nodules with erythematous border = Located on the head, particularly near pinnae

19
Q

Which breeds are at an increased risk of developing SLE?

A

Collie, Shetland Sheepdog, GSD, Spitz, poodle

20
Q

What percentage of dogs will develop skin disease with SLE?

A

Less than 20%

Most common CS of SLE = Fever, polyarthritis, PLN, anemia, thrombocytopenia

21
Q

What is erythema multiforme?

A

Acute onset of erythematous plaques and macules

Need to look for trigger: Drugs, infection, neoplasia (majority of dogs we do not find the cause)

22
Q

What is sterile nodular panniculitis?

A

Ulcerated or draining nodular lesions or nonculerative SQ nodules
Often febrile

23
Q

What concurrent diseases have been identified with sterile nodular panniculitis in dogs?

A 
Pancreatic disease (pancreatitis and pancreatic neoplasia)
IM disease (polyarthritis, SLE, rheumatoid arthritis)
24
Q

How is cyclosporine metabolized in the liver?

A

CYP450 3A12 - ketoconazole inhibits this!!

25
Q

What are some side effects of cyclopsorine?

A

Vomiting
hirsuitism, gingival hyperplasia, toxoplasmosis, atypical fungal infections, hypertension, increased creatinine, increased LE (esp if ketoconazole too)

26
Q

What are the 2 types of interferons?

A

Type I: Bind to Cell via INFAR receptor (either alpha, beta, or omega)
Type II: Form homodimers that binds to IFN-gamma receptor by which it exerts its effects

27
Q

What are the roles of interferons?

A

Antiviral and antioncogenic

28
Q

What are the 2 class of avermectins and with are the 2 MOA?

A

Avermectins (ivermectin, selamectin) and Mibemycins (moxidectin and milbemycin)
Primary MOA: Bindings to glutamate gated Cl- channels (bwtn inhibitory/excitory motors neurons in nematodes and myoneural in arthropods)
Secondary MOA: Open GABA-gated Cl- channels in presynaptic neurons
= Flaccid Paralysis and death

29
Q

What mutation may collies have to avermectins?

A

MDR-1 gene mutatuon (deletion) - Alter expression of p-glycoprotein that resoluts in elevated levels in the brain (normally low levels dt BBB) = Neurotoxicity since there are GABA mediated interneurons only in the CNS!

30
Q

What is pentoxifylline?

A

Nonspecific phosphodiesterase inhbitor = Increased cAMP

31
Q

Discuss the relative glucocorticoid potency (anti-inflammatory) of the most common steroids.

A 
Hydrocortisone = 1 (lasts < 12 hrs)
Prednisone/Prednisolone = 4 (lasts 12-36 hrs)
Methylpred = 5 (lasts 12-36 hrs)
Dexamethasone = 25-30 (lasts > 48 hrs)
32
Q

Discuss the relative mineralocorticoid potency of the most common steroids.

A 
Hydrocortisone = 1 (lasts < 12 hrs)
Prednisone/Prednisolone = 0.8 (lasts 12-36 hrs)
Methylpred = 0.5 (lasts 12-36 hrs)
Dexamethasone = 0 (lasts > 48 hrs)
33
Q

What breeds are at a greater risk for developing local reactions (within 30 mins) after allergen-specific immunotherapy?

A

Dachshunds, boxers, Bostons, schnauzers, English Bulldogs

34
Q

Which Demodex spp can spread by direct contact?

A

Demodex gatoi

35
Q

Which feline retrovirus is associated with cutaneous horns?

A

FeLV

36
Q

Which breed is over-represented in feline papillomairus?

A

Persians

37
Q

What does oxacillin resistance prove?

A

Resistance to all Beta-Lactams (penicillins and cephalosporins)

38
Q

How does a Staph become methicillin-resistant?

A

Acquiring altered penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a), encoded by gene mecA

39
Q

Which breeds have a heritable sebaceous adenitis?

A

Standard Poodles and Akitas (autosomal recessive)

40
Q

What is the most common dermatophyte in cats?

A

Microsporum canis

41
Q

What do long haired cats with dermatophytosis get?

A

SQ nodular form = Pseudomycetoma

42
Q

Why can systemic antifungals be used on dermatophytosis?

A

Intrafollicular lesion

Itraconazole is the best (accumulates and persists in dermis/hair)

43
Q

Which dog breed is predisposed to perianal fistula formation?

A

GSD

44
Q

Why is acral lick dermatitis thought to benefit from serotonin-modulating drugs?

A

May be a link to OCD (deficient serotonin = repetitive motions increase serotonin neural activity = self-medicate!)

Dermatology (1 decks)

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