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Podiatry Practice 201 (2016) > Dermatology, blister, contusions & acute wound management > Flashcards

Dermatology, blister, contusions & acute wound management Flashcards

1
Q

Name the two layers of skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
(beneath the dermis is the subcutaneous layer, also known as the subdermal, hypodermal or superficial fascia layer)

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2
Q

What is the latin name for the Basal layer of skin?

A

Stratum germinativum (basale)

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3
Q

What is the latin name for the Prickle cell layerof skin?

A

Stratum spinosum

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4
Q

What is the latin name for the Granular layer of the skin?

A

Stratum granulosum*

*thick skin may have Stratum lucidum

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5
Q

What is the latin name for the Horny cell layer of skin?

A

Stratum corneum

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6
Q

What is an abscess?

A

Pus surrounded (walled-off) by damaged & inflamed tissue.
Can occur anywhere on the body.
Eg; a boil (caused by Staphylococcus aureus)

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7
Q

What is a cicatrix?

A

A scar

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8
Q

What is skin/ tissue atrophy?

A

Wasting away of normally developed tissue due to cell degeneration.

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9
Q

What is a crust?

A

An accumulation of serum, blood & exudate

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10
Q

What is a cyst?

A

Abnormal sac or closed cavity lined with epithelial tissue cells & filled with liquid or semi-solid matter.

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11
Q

What is an erosion of the skin/tissue?

A

The eating away of surface tissue
(by chemical or physical processes, such as inflammation)
Loss of the epidermis above the basal layer.
Eg; Tinea Pedis

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12
Q

What is excoriation of the skin/ tissue?

A

The destruction or removal of the surface of the skin (or tissue covering an organ).
Often caused by scratching, scraping, or chemicals.
Eg: Eczema

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13
Q

What is a macule?

A

A flat circumscribed area of skin of altered skin colour

Eg: mole/ beauty spot

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14
Q

What is a nodule?

A

A small swelling or aggregation of cells forming a palpable lesion (0.5 cm - 2 cm in diameter)
Eg: RA

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15
Q

What is a papule?

A

A raised spot on the skin, a solid palpable lesion (up to 0.5 cm diameter)
Eg: pimple?

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16
Q

What is plaque?

A

A raised lesion whose surface area is much larger than its elevation (>2 cm)

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17
Q

What is a pustule?

A

Small blister on the skin containing pus

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18
Q

What is scale of the skin?

A

Flakes of dead epidermal cells

19
Q

What is purpura?

A

A skin rash/condition where blood enters capilliaries.

20
Q

What is sclerosis?

A

Hardening or “induration” of skin

21
Q

What is Telangiectasis?

A

Localized group of distended blood capillary vessels

Eg: spider veins

22
Q

What is an ulcer?

A

Break/erosion of skin

With loss of the epidermis & part or all of the dermis

23
Q

What is a vesicle?

A

A small blister that contains serous fluid (maximum of 0.5 cm)

24
Q

What is a wheal?

A

Rounded or flat-topped elevated lesions Eg; “hive”

25
Q

Name types of basic injuries seen in podiatry

A 
Blisters
Cuts and grazes
Nail injuries
Cold injuries
Contusions
26
Q

What is the cause of a blister/blisters?

A

Repetitive friction and trauma

  • Will extend & worsen without management
- Vary from superficial (epidermal) to 
  full thickness (through dermis to  underlying tissue/bone) Eg: blood blister etc
27
Q

How are blisters managed?

A 
Via prevention
Tapes/dressings
Padding
Hot spots recognition
Lubricant
28
Q

What is the first aid treatment for closed blisters?

A

If n on-symptomatic = Leave

If can rest, REST

29
Q

What is the first aid training for closed blisters in need to keep working/ training?

A
  1. Aseptic technique
  2. Puncture (several times) at the margin
  3. Keep roof intact
  4. Create donut pad
  5. Cover with sterile, absorbent and non-bulky dressing
30
Q

What is the first aid treatment for open blisters?

A

Infection management
Aseptic technique
Wound dressing
Manage for signs of infection

31
Q

What is the long term management for prevention of blisters?

A
  • Biomechanical assessment /orthoses: for areas of high pressure
  • Footwear: Seams, correct fit
  • Sock choice: Breathable (e.g. cotton), wicking material, washed & tested, not thinning
32
Q

True or false?

A
  • 2 pairs of socks will stop blisters= ?
  • Paint feet with methylated spirits for a week before heavy activity= True
  • Toughening up activities= ?
  • Only use broken-in shoes or old shoes= False?
33
Q

What are grazes and minor cuts?

A

Epidermal injuries

34
Q

Treatment for grazes and minor cuts?

A 
Clean area, ensure no foreign body left
Apply antiseptic (Povidine Iodine)
Appropriate cover of wound for activity
Tetanus shots!
Advise follow up if no or slow resolution
35
Q

Name types of nail injuries?

A

Full avulsion
Partial or incomplete avulsion
Subungal Haematoma (blood blister under nail) DDx subungal melanoma

36
Q

How are nail avulsions treated?

A

Acute
Manage for infection (sterile dressing etc)
Normal dressing regime (Monitor)
Remove any lifting edges
Local Anaesthetic (if not infected)
Antibiotics
Educate client on what to expect (no nail for 3-6 months) 1-2 years until full nail growth

37
Q

How is a subungal haematoma treated?

A
  • By releasing the pressure
  • Using a hot, sharp object to pierce/drill through the nail (called trepanation)
    (Usually results in Onycholysis)
  • Manage for infection
38
Q

Describe management/ treatment of cold cold injuries (walkers/ ski/ snowboarders)

A 
•Gradual re-warming
•Topical antisepsis
•Regular monitoring
•Vascular review if necessary
•Pt education (Warn of recurrent low grade symptoms/ predisposing factors)
cold temp/ tingling/ numbness etc
39
Q

What is a contusion?

A

Bruise

40
Q

What structures are damaged as a reult of a bruise/ contusion?

A

Damage to muscle damages myofibrils, fascia & blood vessels

41
Q

What is the treatment/ management for a bruise/ contusion?

Note- there are 4 stages of management

A

Management depends on the severity of contusion (mild, moderate, severe)

Stage 1 – Control of Hemorrhage Stage 2 – Restoration of pain-free ROM Stage 3 – Functional rehabilitation Stage 4 – Graduated return to activity
42
Q

What are the 2 different types of bruises/ contusions and which is more painful?

A
  • Intermuscular & intramuscular
  • Intramuscular = more painful & more restrictive of motion
  • Severity is measured by the amount of passive knee flexion after 24 hours (thigh)
    (ROM)
43
Q

What are basic principles of wound/ dermatological issue management?

A
  • Identify causative factor of injury to prevent it reoccurring
  • Appropriate first aid
  • Follow up advice/ pt education
  • Documentation of treatment/ education

Podiatry Practice 201 (2016) (2 decks)

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