Dermatology basics Flashcards
When describing a lesion what are the parts you should describe?
Shape - monomorphic (one form or shape) or polymorphic, Ring-line (annular), Linear e.g. from excoriations, discoid (coin like)
Pattern - grouped, scattered or generalised, target like (erythema multiforme), kobner phenomenon (a predilection for areas of skin injury)
Border - distinct well demarcated or indistinct
Surface - Is the surface scaly (epidermal pathology e.g. psoriasis) or smooth (dermal), lichenification
Elevation - are the lesions flat or raised, are blisters tense (subepidermal) or rupture easily (intraepidermal)
Colour - if red does it blanch (erythema from increased blood in small vessels), not blanch (purpura from leakage of blood in the dermis)
Temperature
Evolution - ask patient to show you lesions at different stages
What does symmetrical distribution suggest?
Suggests endogenous/systemic cause
What is the difference between creams, ointments and emollients?
Creams are emulsions of oil and water and are well absorbed
Ointments are greasy with no added water, varying amounts of hard and soft paraffin, suitable for chronic, dry lesions
Emollients are either of the two above that smooth and hydrate the skin, depends on severity of the condition
What is the name of a flat non palpable change in skin colour less than 5mm?
Macule
What is the name of a flat non palpable change in skin colour greater than 5mm?
Patch
What is the name of fluid within the upper layers of the skin less than 5mm?
Vesicle
What is the name of fluid within the upper layers of the skin more than 5mm?
Blister
Fluid filled lesion below epidermis greater than 10cm?
bulla
What is a raised area less than 5mm?
papule
A visible collection of pus?
Pustule
Raised area greater than 5mm?
Nodule
Raised area greater than 2 cm?
Plaque
What is dermal oedema called?
Wheal
What is telangiectasia?
Easily visible superficial blood vessels?
What is erythema?
Redness caused by local vasodilation
