Dermatology A&P

Question 1

The four types of human tissue.

Answer 1

Muscle Tissue
Nervous Tissue
Epithelial tissue
Connective Tissue

Question 2

Medical term for skin and main portion of the integumentary system.

Answer 2

Epithelium

Question 3

Binds organs together

Protects and supports the body and its organs

Stores energy reserves as fat

Provides immunity

Answer 3

Connective Tissue

Question 4

They provide contact or adhesion between neighboring cells or between a cell and
extracellular matrix.

Answer 4

Cell Junctions

Question 5

Form barrier against water and antigens passing between individual epithelial
cells.

Answer 5

Tight Junction

Question 6

Cell-cell adhesions continuously assembled & disassembled so cells can respond changes in their microenvironment.

Answer 6

Ahderens Junctions

Question 7

Form stable adhesive junctions between cells

Answer 7

Desmosomes

Question 8

Allows various molecules & electrical signals to pass freely between cells

Answer 8

Gap Junctions

Question 9

Epithelial tissue is broadly categorized as either

Answer 9

Covering and lining epithelium

Glandular epithelium

Question 10

most superficial layer of cells

Answer 10

Apical layer

Question 11

deepest layer of the cells

Answer 11

Basal layer

Question 12

Thin extracellular structure composed mostly of protein fibers

Located between the epithelium and underlying connective tissue layer

(Helps to bind and support the epithelium

Answer 12

Basement membrane

Question 13

2 ways of classifying epithelial tissue

Answer 13

Morphology-
based on shape

Stratification-
based on number of layers

Question 14

4 types of morphology

Answer 14

Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar, and Transitional

Question 15

in, flat shape allows rapid passage of substances through them

Found in areas such as the lining of the esophagus, mouth and cervix

Answer 15

Squamous Epithelium

Question 16

Frequently have microvilli at apical surface

Tall as they are wide and shaped like cubes or hexagons

Found in areas such as the salivary glands and thyroid follicles

Answer 16

Cuboidal Epithelium

Question 17

Taller than they are wide

Often specialized for secretion and absorption

Lines most organs of the GI tract, respiratory tract, and fallopian tubes

Answer 17

Columnar Epithelium

Question 18

) Able to change shape from flat to cuboidal and back depending on tension & distention of tissue.

urinary bladder

Answer 18

Transitional Epithelium

Question 19

A single layer of cells that functions in a diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion and
absorption.

Answer 19

Simple epithelium

Question 20

) It is simple epithelium that appears be stratified because the cell nuclei lie at
different levels and not all cells reach the apical surface.

goblet cells

Answer 20

Pseudostratified epithelium

Question 21

Cilia provide two forms of locomotion depending on the cell

Answer 21

Ciliated Epithelial Cells

Question 22

increase the surface area of a cell by multiplying the area from 2 dimensions to 3 dimensions.

Answer 22

Microvilli

Question 23

A highly-insoluble fibrous protein with water-proofing qualities &high friction resistance.

Answer 23

Keratin

Question 24

Found on wet/interior surfaces exposed to considerable wear & tear.

Answer 24

Non-keratinized stratified epithelium

Question 25

Connective tissues typically have three components

Answer 25

(a) Resident Cells (b) Extracellular Matrix (ECM) (c) Protein fibers

Question 26

Most common cells in connective tissue

Answer 26

Fibroblasts

Question 27

Function in localized release of compounds important to inflammatory response, innate immunity, and tissue repair

Answer 27

Mast Cells

Question 28

Abundant (25% of all protein in body) Key element of all connective tissues,

Answer 28

Collagen Fibers

Question 29

Have rubberlike properties that allow tissue containing these fibers to be stretched or distended and return to their original shape.

Answer 29

Elastic fiber

Question 30

(1) Compromised of glycogen and glycoprotein. (2) Provide strength and support in the walls of small blood vessels. (3) Stroma supporting framework of many soft organs; most notably the immune system, liver, endocrine glands, spleen, lymph nodes.

Answer 30

Reticular Fibers

Question 31

Layers of the epidermis

Answer 31

Stratum Corneum Stratum Lucidum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Spinosum Stratum Basale

Question 32

Specialized cells of the epidermis and hair follicle; primary function is to synthesis and transfer melanin to adjacent keratinocytes

Answer 32

Melanocytes Melanin synthesis occurs in a specialized organelle, the melanosome

Question 33

Touch and pressure are sensed by four types of mechanoreceptors in the skin Expanded dendritic endings in epidermis of glabrous skin that respond to sustained pressure and touch Consist of tactile disc and neuron for touch sensation

Answer 33

Merkel Cells

Question 34

Typically found within the stratum spinosum Form a mobile and dense network of cells that sampling any antigens that attempt to pass through the epidermis These monocyte-derived cells represent a large part of the skin’s adaptive immunity.

Answer 34

Dendritic Cells

Question 35

Derm-specific exocrine glands

Answer 35

Sebaceous Sudoriferous

Question 36

An exocrine gland in the skin that opens into a hair follicle and secretes an oily/waxy sebum. Sebum lubricates the hair in humans and other mammals

Answer 36

Sebaceous Glands

Question 37

Helps emulsify the sweat produced by the eccrine glands and this produces a sheet of sweat that is not readily lost in drops of sweat. Helps in delaying dehydration.

Answer 37

Sebum

Question 38

Serves as major thermoregulation component of the integumentary system Cover nearly the entire body surface; especially dense on the palms, soles, forehead, and upper limbs

Answer 38

Eccrine Glands

Question 39

Largely confined to the axillae, perineum, and the concentrated in hairy areas do not become functional until puberty and have a hormonal activation pattern

Answer 39

Apocrine Glands

Question 40

Skin & mucous membrane color as diagnostic clues

Answer 40

Blue= Cyanosis (lack of O2) yellow = Jaundice (Bilirubin) Red = Erythema (Injury) Paleness = Pallor (Shock)

Question 41

Pigments that influence skin pigmentation:

Answer 41

Melanin Carotene Hemoglobin

Question 42

Primary determinant of skin color, hair color and eye color.

Answer 42

Melanin Melanocytes numbers are approximately the same (with 3-5%) in all people, regardless of their skin tone or Fitzpatrick Scale

Question 43

What stimulates melanin production?

Answer 43

UV light exposure

Question 44

The functions of skin

Answer 44

Temperature Regulation Protection Cutaneous Sensation Excretion/Absorption/Synth

Question 45

Five signs of inflammation

Answer 45

Localized Hyperthermia Erythema Localized Edema Pain Loss of function

Question 46

Intrinsic vs extrinsic aging

Answer 46

Intrinsic: The inevitable physiologic changes of the skin that occur with time and are influenced by genetic and hormonal factors. Extrinsic: The preventable structural & functional changes of the skin that occur with exposure

Question 47

Most rapidly regenerating and repairing tissue and has capacity for continuous renewal

Answer 47

Epithelial Tissue

Question 48

slower than epithelial cells and prone to hyperproliferation (scarring)

Answer 48

Connective tissue

Question 49

Poorest capacity for renewal because it does not undergo mitosis to replace damaged neurons

Answer 49

Nervous tissue

Question 50

Healing – Inflammation Phase

Answer 50

1-3 days post injury Serves mainly to clear bacteria & debris from the wound and to prepare wound environment for repair

Question 51

Healing – Proliferative Phase

Answer 51

2-10 days post injury Purpose is to construct granulation tissue to fill the defect caused by the wound

Question 52

Healing – Early Remodeling Phase

Answer 52

2–3 weeks post-injury: tissue defects have been replaced with granulation tissue & covered by new epithelial cells

Question 53

Healing – Late Remodeling Phase

Answer 53

months to > 1 year

Question 54

Healing by Primary Intention

Answer 54

Sutures

Question 55

Healing by Secondary Intention

Answer 55

Healing within body