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The rest of IDC school > Dermatology A&P > Flashcards

Dermatology A&P Flashcards

1
Q

The four types of human tissue.

A

Muscle Tissue
Nervous Tissue
Epithelial tissue
Connective Tissue

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2
Q

Medical term for skin and main portion of the integumentary system.

A

Epithelium

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3
Q

Binds organs together

Protects and supports the body and its organs

Stores energy reserves as fat

Provides immunity

A

Connective Tissue

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4
Q

They provide contact or adhesion between neighboring cells or between a cell and
extracellular matrix.

A

Cell Junctions

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5
Q

Form barrier against water and antigens passing between individual epithelial
cells.

A

Tight Junction

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6
Q

Cell-cell adhesions continuously assembled & disassembled so cells can respond changes in their microenvironment.

A

Ahderens Junctions

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7
Q

Form stable adhesive junctions between cells

A

Desmosomes

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8
Q

Allows various molecules & electrical signals to pass freely between cells

A

Gap Junctions

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9
Q

Epithelial tissue is broadly categorized as either

A

Covering and lining epithelium

Glandular epithelium

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10
Q

most superficial layer of cells

A

Apical layer

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11
Q

deepest layer of the cells

A

Basal layer

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12
Q

Thin extracellular structure composed mostly of protein fibers

Located between the epithelium and underlying connective tissue layer

(Helps to bind and support the epithelium

A

Basement membrane

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13
Q

2 ways of classifying epithelial tissue

A

Morphology-
based on shape

Stratification-
based on number of layers

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14
Q

4 types of morphology

A

Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar, and Transitional

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15
Q

in, flat shape allows rapid passage of substances through them

Found in areas such as the lining of the esophagus, mouth and cervix

A

Squamous Epithelium

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16
Q

Frequently have microvilli at apical surface

Tall as they are wide and shaped like cubes or hexagons

Found in areas such as the salivary glands and thyroid follicles

A

Cuboidal Epithelium

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17
Q

Taller than they are wide

Often specialized for secretion and absorption

Lines most organs of the GI tract, respiratory tract, and fallopian tubes

A

Columnar Epithelium

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18
Q

) Able to change shape from flat to cuboidal and back depending on tension & distention of tissue.

urinary bladder

A

Transitional Epithelium

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19
Q

A single layer of cells that functions in a diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion and
absorption.

A

Simple epithelium

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20
Q

) It is simple epithelium that appears be stratified because the cell nuclei lie at
different levels and not all cells reach the apical surface.

goblet cells

A

Pseudostratified epithelium

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21
Q

Cilia provide two forms of locomotion depending on the cell

A

Ciliated Epithelial Cells

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22
Q

increase the surface area of a cell by multiplying the area from 2 dimensions to 3 dimensions.

A

Microvilli

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23
Q

A highly-insoluble fibrous protein with water-proofing qualities &high friction resistance.

A

Keratin

24
Q

Found on wet/interior surfaces exposed to considerable wear & tear.

A

Non-keratinized stratified epithelium

25
Q

Connective tissues typically have three components

A

(a) Resident Cells

(b) Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

(c) Protein fibers

26
Q

Most common cells in connective tissue

A

Fibroblasts

27
Q

Function in localized release of compounds important to inflammatory response,
innate immunity, and tissue repair

A

Mast Cells

28
Q

Abundant (25% of all protein in body)

Key element of all connective tissues,

A

Collagen Fibers

29
Q

Have rubberlike properties that allow tissue containing these fibers to be stretched
or distended and return to their original shape.

A

Elastic fiber

30
Q

(1) Compromised of glycogen and glycoprotein.

(2) Provide strength and support in the walls of small blood vessels.

(3) Stroma supporting framework of many soft organs; most notably the immune system, liver, endocrine glands, spleen, lymph nodes.

A

Reticular Fibers

31
Q

Layers of the epidermis

A

Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale

32
Q

Specialized cells of the epidermis and hair follicle; primary function is to synthesis and transfer melanin to adjacent keratinocytes

A

Melanocytes

Melanin synthesis occurs in a specialized organelle, the melanosome

33
Q

Touch and pressure are sensed by four types of mechanoreceptors in the skin

Expanded dendritic endings in epidermis of glabrous skin that
respond to sustained pressure and touch

Consist of tactile disc and neuron for touch sensation

A

Merkel Cells

34
Q

Typically found within the stratum spinosum

Form a mobile and dense network of cells that sampling any antigens that attempt to
pass through the epidermis

These monocyte-derived cells represent a large part of the skin’s adaptive immunity.

A

Dendritic Cells

35
Q

Derm-specific exocrine glands

A

Sebaceous

Sudoriferous

36
Q

An exocrine gland in the skin that opens into a hair follicle and secretes an oily/waxy sebum.

Sebum lubricates the hair in humans and other mammals

A

Sebaceous Glands

37
Q

Helps emulsify the sweat produced by the eccrine glands and this
produces a sheet of sweat that is not readily lost in drops of sweat. Helps in
delaying dehydration.

A

Sebum

38
Q

Serves as major thermoregulation component of the integumentary system

Cover nearly the entire body surface; especially dense on the palms, soles, forehead,
and upper limbs

A

Eccrine Glands

39
Q

Largely confined to the axillae, perineum, and the concentrated in hairy areas

do not become functional until puberty and have a hormonal
activation pattern

A

Apocrine Glands

40
Q

Skin & mucous membrane color as diagnostic clues

A

Blue= Cyanosis (lack of O2)

yellow = Jaundice (Bilirubin)

Red = Erythema (Injury)

Paleness = Pallor (Shock)

41
Q

Pigments that influence skin pigmentation:

A

Melanin

Carotene

Hemoglobin

42
Q

Primary determinant of skin color, hair color and eye color.

A

Melanin

Melanocytes numbers are approximately the same (with 3-5%) in all people, regardless of their skin tone or Fitzpatrick Scale

43
Q

What stimulates melanin production?

A

UV light exposure

44
Q

The functions of skin

A

Temperature Regulation

Protection

Cutaneous Sensation

Excretion/Absorption/Synth

45
Q

Five signs of inflammation

A

Localized Hyperthermia

Erythema

Localized Edema

Pain

Loss of function

46
Q

Intrinsic vs extrinsic aging

A

Intrinsic: The inevitable physiologic changes of the skin that occur with time and are influenced by genetic and hormonal factors.

Extrinsic: The preventable structural & functional changes of the skin that occur with exposure

47
Q

Most rapidly regenerating and repairing tissue and has capacity for continuous
renewal

A

Epithelial Tissue

48
Q

slower than epithelial cells and prone to hyperproliferation
(scarring)

A

Connective tissue

49
Q

Poorest capacity for renewal because it does not undergo mitosis to replace damaged neurons

A

Nervous tissue

50
Q

Healing – Inflammation Phase

A

1-3 days post injury
Serves mainly to clear bacteria & debris from the wound and to prepare wound
environment for repair

51
Q

Healing – Proliferative Phase

A

2-10 days post injury
Purpose is to construct granulation tissue to fill the defect caused by the wound

52
Q

Healing – Early Remodeling Phase

A

2–3 weeks post-injury: tissue defects have been replaced with granulation tissue &
covered by new epithelial cells

53
Q

Healing – Late Remodeling Phase

A

months to > 1 year

54
Q

Healing by Primary Intention

A

Sutures

55
Q

Healing by Secondary Intention

A

Healing within body

The rest of IDC school (7 decks)

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