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USMLE STEP 1 > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

How many layers of skin are there and what are they?

A

3 layers: epidermis, dermis, hypodermis (subcutaneous fat, subcutis)

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2
Q

How many sub-layers are there in the epidermis?

A 
5 sublayers: (Come Let's Get Sun Burned)
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basalis
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3
Q

Which layer of the epidermis contains stem cells?

A

stratum basalis

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4
Q

What layer of the skin contains blood vessels, connective tissues, hair shaft?

A

Dermis

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5
Q

This prevents paracellular movement of solutes between epithelial cells of the skin

A

tight junctions

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6
Q

What proteins make up tight junctions?

A

cadherins and occludins

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7
Q

This connects actin cytoskeletons of adjacent epithelial cells via cadherins

A

Adherens junction

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8
Q

Loss of E-cadherin promotes what?

A

metastasis

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9
Q

This provides structural support via intermediate filament interactions.

A

Desmosome (macula adherens)

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10
Q

Desmosomes contain what kind of protein?

A

desmoglein

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11
Q

Autoantibodies to desmogelin 1 gives rise to what dermatologic condition?

A

pemphigus vulgaris

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12
Q

These provides electrochemical communication between cells and are made of connexons

A

Gap junctions

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13
Q

These connect keratin in basal cells to underlying basement membrane

A

Hemidesmosome

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14
Q

Autoantibodies to hemidesmosomes gives rise to which dermatologic condition?

A

Bullous pemphigoid

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15
Q

These membrane proteins maintain the integrity of basolateral membrane by binding to collagen, laminin, and fibronectin

A

Integrin

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16
Q

Increased thickness of stratum corneum

A

Hyperkeratosis

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17
Q

Retention of nuclei in stratum corneum

A

Parakeratosis

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18
Q

Separation of epidermal cells

A

acantholysis

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19
Q

Epidermal hyperplasia (increase spinousum)

A

Acanthosis

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20
Q

Decreased melanin production d/t decreased tyrosinase activity or defective tyrosine transport

A

Albinism

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21
Q

Acquired hyperpigmentation associated with pregnancy

A

Melasma

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22
Q

Irregular patches of complete depigmentation d/t destruction of melanocytes

A

Vitiligo

23
Q

What is the difference between albinism and vitiligo in terms of melanocytes?

A

Normal melanocyte number in albinism. Melanocytes are destroyed in vitiligo

24
Q

Erythematous, well0demarcated plaques with greasy yellow scales in areas rich in sebaceous glands (salt, face, periocular region)

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

25
Q

Colonization of pilosebaceous unit (comedones) and inflammation

A

acne

26
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is atopic dermatitis (eczema)

A

Type I hypersensitivity

27
Q

Allergic contact dermatitis is what type of hypersensitivity?

A

Type IV

28
Q

These are papules and plaques with silvery scaling

A

Psoriasis

29
Q

This refers to pinpoint bleeding when from exposure of dermal papillae and scales are scraped off

A

Auspitz sign

30
Q

Psoriasis is associated with what HLA?

A

HLA-C

31
Q

Inflammation of the skin characterized by erythematous plaques and pustules but no comedones

A

Rosacea

32
Q

Proliferation of squamous cells with pseudocysts

A

Seborrheic keratosis

33
Q

This is the rapid onset of multiple seborrheic keratosis

A

Leser-Trelat sign

34
Q

Leser-Trelat sign is indicative of what malignancy?

A

GI adenocarcinoma

35
Q

These are benign capillary skin papules found in AIDS patients caused by Bartonella infections. Frequently mistaken for Kaposi sarcoma, but has neutrophilic infiltrates

A

Bacillary angiomatosis

36
Q

Endothelial malignancy mostly affecting the skin, mouth, GIT, respiratory tract. Seen in patients with AIDS and organ transplant patients. Associated with HHV-8 and HIV

A

Kaposi Sarcoma

37
Q

Benign capillary hemangioma usually seen in middle-age adults and does not regress

A

cherry hemangioma

38
Q

Bening capillary hemangioma of infancy

A

Cherry hemangioma

39
Q

Very superficial skin infection with honey-colored crusts

A

Impetigo

40
Q

What are the usual causative agents for impetigo?

A

S aureus, S pyogenes

41
Q

This is an infection involving upper dermis and superficial lymphatics presenting with well defined and raised lesion between infected skin and normal skin

A

Erysipelas

42
Q

This is an acute, painful, spreading infection of the deeper dermis and subcutaneous tissues. Like impetigo but dermal and may progress to necrotizing fasciitis

A

Cellulitis

43
Q

How does staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome differ from toxic epidermal necrolysis?

A

S aureus A & B exfoliative toxins destroy keratinocyte attachments in stratum garnulosum only. In toxic epidermal necrolysis, epidermal-dermal junction is destroyed

44
Q

How do you differentiate pemphigus vulgarisms from bullous pemphigoid?

A

Immunoflourescence will show reticular pattern in pemphigus vulgarisms and linear pattern in bullous pemphigoid

45
Q

These are pruritic papules, vesicles, and bullae with deposits of IgA at tips of dermal papillae. Associated with celiac disease

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

46
Q

This is characterized by bullae formation, necrosis, and sloughing of skin at dermal-epidermal junction and usually associated with adverse drug reaction

A

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

47
Q

This is epidermal hyperplasia causing symmetric, hyperpigmented thickening of the skin, especially in the axilla and neck. Associated with insulin resistance and visceral malignancy (gastric adenoCA)

A

Acanthosis nigricans

48
Q 
6Ps:
Pruritic
Purple
Polygonal
Planar
Papules
Plaques

Associated with Hep C

A

Lichen Planus

49
Q

“herald patch” with a “Christmas tree” distribution

A

Pityriasis rosea

50
Q

This is the most common skin cancer commonly with telangiectasia and rolled borders. More common in the upper lip

A

Basal cell CA

51
Q

Which skin malignancy has a histopathologic feature nuclei arranged as “palisading”

A

Basal cell CA

52
Q

This is a rapidly growing dermatologic lesion that resembles SCCA and presents as dome-shaped nodule with keratin-filled center and spontaneously regress.

A

Keratoacanthoma

53
Q

What is the associated mutation in melanoma?

A

BRAF kinase

54
Q

This is an ulcerated nodular mass usually seen on face and lower lip with histopatholig feature of keratin perals

A

SCCA

USMLE STEP 1 (4 decks)

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