Dermatology Flashcards
1
Q
Dermatologist
A
physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair and nails
2
Q
Lesions
A
are a structural change in tissue caused by disease or injury
3
Q
Primary lesion
A
change in tissue during the early stage of disease or injury
4
Q
Secondary lesion
A
changes in tissue during the later states
5
Q
Vascular lesion
A
the appearance of small blood vessels close to the skin
6
Q
Acute disease
A
symptoms of a more violent character and short duration ex. (sunburn, sprained ankle)
7
Q
Chronic disease
A
symptoms with long duration, usually mild but recurring (ex. acne, asthma)
8
Q
What is the condition that is genetic and characterized by silvery scales?
A
Psoriasis
Usually found in patches on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest and lower back.
9
Q
3 chronic characteristics of rosacea?
A
redness of the cheeks and nose, inflammation, formation of papules or pustules
10
Q
Bulla
A
large blister containing clear watery fluid
11
Q
Ulcer
A
is an open lesion with loss of skin depth
12
Q
Keloid or hypertrophic scar
A
is overgrowth of scar tissue
13
Q
A fissure
A
is a crack in the skin that penetrates into the dermis
14
Q
Is acne considered to be acute or chronic?
A
Acne would be considered a chronic condition. A chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the sebaceous gland.
15
Q
Define acne causes and triggers:
A
Clogged pores and propioni bacterium that are anaerobic are the causes of acne. Propionibacteria can not survive if oxygen is present.
Triggers are hormones, stress certain food, climate, sun, and frictions as they trigger inflammation internally or externally.
16
Q
Define 4 grades of acne.
A
Grade 1:minor breakouts, mostly open comedones, with some closed comedones, few papules.
17
Q
Grade 2:
A
Many open and closed comedones, papules and occasional pustules
18
Q
Grade 3:
A
Red and inflamed, many papules and pustules
19
Q
Grade 4:
A
Cystic acne. Cysts with comedones, papules, pustules, inflammation and possible scarring are present.
20
Q
Excoriation
A
is a sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping. It can be superficial or deeper in the dermal layer of the skin.
21
Q
Define acne excoriee.
A
Acne excoriee is a disorder which the client purposefully scrapes off the surface of acne lesions. It is characterized by many scraped looking flat lesions, and is also calleddermatillomania which is an obsessive compulsive disorder.
22
Q
What skin disorder is excessively oily?
A
Seborrhea. Excessive oiliness of the skin, caused by abnormal amounts of secretion.
23
Q
A comedone
A
is a hardened mass of sebum and skin cells that has oxidized. Also known as a blackhead.
24
Q
furuncle
A
is subcutaneous abscess filled with pus. It’s also called a boil or a cyst. They are caused by bacteria in the hair follicles. Cannot be extracted because it’s under the skin.
25
Herpes simplex (virus 1)
is a viral infection also called a cold sore. It is recurring and contagious and usually appears on the lips or nostrils. Characterized by vesicles on a red swollen base.
26
Perioral dermatitis
is an acne-like disorder around the mouth with red papules in the mouth, nose and chin area, they are usually small clusters of several lesions.
Cause: the loss of the hydrolipidic barrier or by drying agents such as harsh cleansing, or exfoliation.
27
skin tag
is a bead like fibrous tissue that stands away from the skin. Most commonly found in the underarm or on the neck (caused by friction).
28
Keratoma
is the term for callous, which is caused by pressure or friction. If thickening it can grow inward becoming a corn.
29
What are some causes of distended capillaries, and what is the medical term?
The medical term is telangiectasia. They are capillaries that have been damaged and are now distended or permanently dilated. Some things that may cause telangiectasia or spider angiomas are vasodilators like the skin, diet, medication, alcohol, and stress. They can occur anywhere on the body and can be removed with vasculyse.
30
What is the term for a birthmark or mole?
A nevus - caused by pigmentation or vascular (dilated capillaries, such as port wine stain)
31
Define keratosis pilaris
Keratosis pilaris is chronic redness and papules on the cheek, thighs, buttocks, or upper arms from blocked follicles. Regular exfoliation and moisturizers with AHA will help reduce the cell buildup.
32
Sebaceous hyperplasia
are overgrowths of the sebaceous gland usually found in oilier areas or the face. Cell turnover rate slows with age decreased androgen levels, this causes abnormal cell buildup that crowds and enlarges the sebaceous gland. They are donut shaped with sebaceous material in the centre. They cannot be removed by normal extractions.
33
Asteatosis
is dry scaly skin and lack of sebum. Can be due to aging, body disorders, harsh soaps, or cold exposures.
34
Anhidrosis
is a deficiency in perspiration resulting from a fever or skin disease. It requires medical treatment because the affected person will not be able to regulate the body temperature. Hyperhidrosis is excessive perspiration caused by heat or body weakness. If present while at rest seek medical attention.
35
Bromhidrosis
is foul smelling perspiration, caused by diet, yeast, or bacteria. Usually in the underarms or the feet.
36
Melasma
is also referred to as chloasma and pregnancy mask. It is characterized by a splotchy, increased pigmented complex that may be present during UV exposure. Found on the forehead, cheeks, nose and upper lip.
Advice: use at least 30 SPF sunblock and don't over exfoliate, or stimulate skin.
37
What are 3 types of skin cancer?
Basal cell carcinoma - most common and least severe type of skin cancer, which often appears as light, pearly nodules; characteristics include sores, reddish patches, or a smooth growth with elevated border.
38
Squamous cell carcinoma
more serious than basal cell carcinoma; characterized by scaly, red, or pink papules or nodules; also appear as open sores or crusty areas; can grow and spread in the body.
39
Malignant melanoma
most serious form of skin cancer as it can spread quickly (metastasize); black or dark patches on the skin are usually uneven in texture, jagged or raised; melanomas may have surface crust or bleed. 100 percent fatal if left untreated.
40
Define tinea versicolour
A non contagious yeast infection inhibiting melanin production. Characterized by white, brown, or salmon patches on the skin. Humidity and heat stimulate the condition. It can be treated by antifungal creams and selenium shampoos.
41
Define retention hyperkeratosis
Retention hyperkeratosis is a hereditary factor in which dead skin cells build up and do not shed from the follicles as they do on normal skin. (creating comedones and acne problems)
42
Estheticians are able to diagnose most skin disorders. T/F
False. Estheticians may not diagnose disorders and diseases of the skin. It is outside their scope of practice. However once diagnosed, estheticians can help clients with many common disorders and conditions.
43
Impetigo
is a contagious bacterial infection which often occurs in children but can occur at any age. Clusters of small blisters of crusty lesion filled with staphylococcus bacteria
44
Verruca
is a wart
45
Macule:
flat discoloured spot on the surface of the skin which may be left after a pimple has healed of cause by UV exposure
46
Cherry Angioma
cluster of dilated capillaries on the skin's surface range from pin size or a quarter of an inch. Can be removed with vasculyse.
Cherry angioma do not need to be treated unless they are cosmetically displeasing or prone to bleeding.
47
Urticaria
is the medical term for hives
| Cause: body’s histamine production
48
Pityrosporum Malassezia folliculitis and the cause:
small issued patches of papules and pustules on the face, chest and back. Usually in adolescence or young adults and the cause is from yeast. Anti-fungal medication is recommended.
49
Maturation Arrest Acne:
unique type of grade 2 acne, the face is covered with white heads that enlarge, it best responds to AHA treatments and deep exfoliation.
50
Pitted keratolysis
a non-contagious bacterial infection that can affect the soles of feet or palms of hands, characterized by small depressions or pits in the top layer of the skin caused by bacteria formed in sweaty environments. Most often occurs with hyperhidrosis of hands or feet, more noticeable when the skin is wet and may be confused with tinea pedis (athletes foot).
51
Poikiloderma of caveat and the cause:
appears on the side of the face, neck and chest in a v shape, the skin turns reddish brown hue with visible telagiesia. Also can be referred to as atrophic due to the thinning of skin.
Cause: chronic sun exposure
Treatments: melanocyte inhibiting skin care, chemical peels, lasers, IPL and daily sunblock.
52
Actinic keratosis
is a precancerous lesion (squamous cell) found on sun exposed areas. A scaly patch that may be sharp to touch. Refer your client to see a doctor for treatment.
53
Diet high in sugar or salt may trigger inflammation in the skin. True or false?
True
54
What is lentigo?
Lentigo is a flat pigmented spot such as a freckle, resulting from sun exposure. Also called age spots overtime with accumulative sun exposure.
55
What are nodules?
Nodules are small bumps caused by scar tissue, fatty deposits or infection.
56
Papule
A papule is a small elevated pimple containing no fluid.
57
Pustule
inflammation with a white or yellow centre containing pus.
58
Wheal
itchy, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours. Ex. mosquito bite
59
Vesicle
vesicles are small blisters with clear watery fluid, that may develop after a sunburn or be a sign of infection.
60
Scale
scale is accumulation of epidermal flakes, may be present during skin rashes or dehydration.
61
Crust
crust is dead cells formed over a wound while it is healing and the accumulation of serum and pus.
62
Couperose
couperose is the combination of redness and dilated capillaries.
63
Two types of symptoms:
subjective - symptoms that can be felt
| Objective - symptoms that can be seen
64
Edema
medical term for swelling. Caused by fluid imbalance in the cells, injury or infection.
65
Pruritus
medical term for itching.
66
Erythema
temporary redness on the skin caused by inflammation. (ex. sunburn)
67
Erythrosis
permanent redness on the skin caused by disease or injury.
68
Folliculitis
inflammation of the hair follicle caused by bacteria or by irritation.
69
Hyperpigmentation
overproduction of melanin. Hypopigmentation: lack of melanin.
70
Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation
hyper pigmented mark or spot left after pimples heal or after an inflammatory wound. It occurs because as the skin heals it produces too much melanin, so the discolouration remains even after the wound has healed. Picking pimples increases the risk.
71
How would you treat post inflammatory hyperpigmentation?
Treatments include AHA topical retinoids and guinot new white and sunblock must be worn daily.
72
Tan
Change in pigmentation due to melanin production as a defense against UV radiation. A tan is visible skin and cell damage.
73
Leukoderma
abnormal light patches caused by a congenital or acquired disease that destroys pigment producing cells (melanocytes). (ex. Albinism and vitiligo)
74
Vitiligo:
white spots on the skin from reduction of melanocytes. It is an acquired autoimmune disorder. It can worsen with time and sun exposure.
75
Albinism:
rare genetic condition characterized by total absence of melanin in the body. Including hair, skin, eyes.
76
Sebaceous filaments:
tiny greyish dots on your nose or white dots in the crease of your chin.
They should not be extracted and there is no way to permanently get rid of them.
Treatments: Enzymes, scrubs, AHA’s and BHA’s will minimize their appearance, keep skin hydrated because filaments are more noticeable on dehydrated skin.
77
Milia:
are firm, white, hardened masses of sebum and dead cells formed under the skin, where no oxygen is present.
78
Rosacea:
chronic congestion primarily on the cheeks and nose. Causes: unbalanced hydrolipidic barrier now irritated by bacteria, mites, or fungus.
79
Triggers of rosacea:
vasodilators like spicy foods, alcohol, stress and caffeine, exposure to temperature extremes, sun and stress.
80
How would you treat rosacea?
Soothing treatments and homecare will help calm the skin and decrease the inflammation.
81
Rhinophyma
an enlarging of the nose resulting from a severe form of acne rosacea, and scarring. More common in men and used to be referred to as an alcoholics nose.
82
Steatoma:
sebaceous cyst or subcutaneous tumor filled with sebum which ranges in size from a pea to an orange. Usually found on the scalp, neck and back.
83
Hyper-keratosis:
thickening of the skin, caused by a mass of keratinized cells.
84
Seborrheic keratosis
is a non-cancerous lesion that originates from cells in the outer layer of the skin after repeated sun exposure. Appears brown, black or light coloured growth in sun exposed areas. May resemble a wart.
85
Bacterial conjunctivitis
pink eye - inflammation of the mucous membrane around the eye, due to chemicals, bacteria or virus.
86
Tinea corporis:
contagious ringworm caused by fungal infection and forming a ringed red pattern.
87
Hyperhidrosis
excessive perspiration caused by heat and body weakness. If present at rest seek attention.
88
Another word for miliaria rubra:
Prickly heat
89
What is miliaria rubra:
an acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat gland, resulting in eruptions or red vesicles and burning itching skin. Cause: excessive heat exposure. Commonly occurs in babies because of their inability to regulate their body temperature.
