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Y3 flashcards > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is “rodent ulcer” another name for?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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2
Q

What are the 2 risk factors to remember for basal cell carcinoma?

A

Sun exposure

Gorlin’s syndrome

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3
Q

Where do basal cell carcinomas tend to present?

A

Face, scalp, ears + trunk

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of basal cell carcinoma and which of these is most common?

A

Nodular-ulcerative (most common)
Morphoeic
Superficial

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5
Q

How do nodular-ulcerative BCCs appear?

A

Translucent
Pearly edges
Telagiectasia

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6
Q

Describe the appearance of morphoeic BCCs

A

Reddish, small, may have telangiectasia, often near nose

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7
Q

Describe the appearance of superficial BCCs

A

pink/brown scaly plaque

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8
Q

Define contact dermatitis

A

Inflammatory skin disease
Allergic or irritant stimulus
Stimulus is external

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9
Q

Where does contact dermatitis usually present?

A

Hands

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10
Q

Recall the appearance of a contact dermatitis rash

A

Redness

Vesicles/papules

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11
Q

Define eczema (exactly)

A

A pruritic papulovesicular skin reaction to endogenous or exogenous agents

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12
Q

Recall 3 signs of acute eczema

A

Excoriation
Papules
Vesicles

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13
Q

Recall 3 signs of chronic eczema

A

Lichenification
Thickened epidermis
Fissures

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14
Q

Differentiate atopic and seborrhoeic eczema

A

Atopic: erythematous; face and flexures
Seborrhoeic: Yellow and greasy; eyebrows and scalp

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15
Q

What investigation should be done in suspected atopic eczema?

A

IgE levels

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16
Q

Define erythema multiforme

A

Acute hypersensitivity reaction of skin and mucous membranes

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17
Q

What is a severe form of erythema multiforme known as?

A

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

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18
Q

Recall the aetiology of erythema multiforme

A

Degeneration of basal epidermis –> vesicles form between basal epidermal cells –> lymphocyte infiltration

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19
Q

What is the cause of erythema multiforme?

A

50% of the time there is a precipitating factor

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20
Q

Recall 3 symptoms of erythema multiforme (quite unusual!)

A
  1. May have prodromal URTI
  2. Lesions appear suddenly and itch
  3. When lesions fade they may leave an area of hyperpigmentation
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21
Q

Describe the appearance of skin lesions in erythema multiforme

A

Like targets, symmetrical

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22
Q

Where is the most common site of erythema multiforme skin lesions?

A

Limbs

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23
Q

Define erythema nodosum

A

Panniculitis leading to red or violet subcutaneous nodules

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24
Q

What is panniculitis?

A

Inflammation of subcutaneous fat

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25
Q

In what demographic is erythema nodosum most common?

A

Young females

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26
Q

Recall the symptoms of erythema nodosum

A 
*Tender erythematous papular rash on shins*
Fatigue
Anorexia and weight loss
Fever
Arthralgia
27
Q

What pathogen is most commonly implicated in erythema nodosum?

A

Streptococcus

28
Q

Which serum marker is particularly elevated in sarcoidosis?

29
Q

Which systemic disease is particularly associated with erythema nodosum?

A

Sarcoidosis

30
Q

Define lipoma

A

Benign adipose tumour

31
Q

What would make a lipoma painful?

A

If it compresses a nerve

32
Q

Describe the appearance of a lipoma

A

Smooth surface, skin colour

33
Q

Define melanoma

A

Neoplastic transformation of melanocytes

34
Q

What percentage of melanomas arise from pre-existing naevi?

35
Q

Recall the mnemonic for and the 4 histopathological subtypes of melanoma

A 
Some Skin Nodules Look Malignant And Looming
Superficial spreading
Nodular
Lentigo maligna
Acral lentiginous
36
Q

Which type of melanoma always arises from an existing naevus?

A

Superficial spreading

37
Q

Describe the onset of nodular melanoma

A

Di novo appearance that grows aggressively

There is no radial growth phase

38
Q

Describe the appearance of lentigo maligna

A

Usually on the face

Large and flat

39
Q

Where do acral lentiginous melanomas arise?

A

Palms and soles

40
Q

What mnemonic is used to assess any skin lesion?

A 
ABCDE
Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Colour
Diameter (>6mm)
Elevation
41
Q

Define molluscum contagiosum

A

Infection of a pox virus that mainly affects children

42
Q

Describe the epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum

A

So common most people won’t even seek medical attention

43
Q

What are the symptoms of molluscum contagiosum?

A

Usually asymptomatic aside from skin lesions

There may be pruritis/eczema around lesions

44
Q

How long do skin lesions usually last in molluscum contagiosum?

45
Q

Desrcibe the appearance of molluscum contagiosum lesions

A

Firm, smooth papules of 2-5mm diameter

46
Q

Where is the most common site of molluscum contagiosum in children and in adults?

A

Children: trunk and extremities
Adults: genitalia and inner thighs

47
Q

What score is used to determine risk of pressure sores?

A

Waterlow Score

48
Q

What is the cause of guttate psoriasis?

A

Strep throat

49
Q

What are the main risk factors for palmoplantar psoriasis?

A

Smoking
Middle-aged
Female

50
Q

Describe the appearance of discoid psoriasis

A

Symmetrical, erythematous plaques on extensor surfaces

51
Q

Describe the appearance of guttate psoriasis

A

Tear-drop appearance

52
Q

Describe the appearance of palmoplantar psoriasis

A

Erythematous and pustular

53
Q

Recall the different types of psoriasis

A

Discoid
Guttate
Palmoplantar
Generalised pustular

54
Q

Other than skin lesions, what other symptoms present in psoriasis?

A

Nail signs: pitting, oncholysis and subungual keratosis

Psoriatic arthritis

55
Q

What is a sebaceous cyst?

A

Blocked hair follicle

56
Q

Describe the appearance of a sebaceous cyst

A

Smooth, tethered lump

57
Q

Recall 2 possible complications of sebaceous cysts

A

Abscess

Ulceration

58
Q

Define squamous cell carcinoma

A

Malignancy of epidermal keratinocytes

59
Q

Recall 2 unusual risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma

A

HPV infection

Xeroderma pigemntosa

60
Q

Recall the relative prevalence of squamous cell carcinoma in males and females

A

It’s 3 x more common in men

61
Q

Describe the appearance of a squamous cell carcinoma

A

Very variable appearance

May bleed or ulcerate

62
Q

Recall the pathophysiology of urticaria

A

Mast cell activation
Histamine release
Capillary leakage
Erythema

63
Q

Describe the appearance of urticaria

A

Central itchy white papule with surrounding erythematous flare

Y3 flashcards (17 decks)

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