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Second Year Exams > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What forms of emolients are there?

A

Creams, gels, lotions, ointment

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2
Q

What is a gel?

A

Thickened aqueous solutions with HMWP

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3
Q

What is a lotion?

A

suspension of medication in water/alcohol/liquid

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4
Q

What is a cream?

A

semi-solid emulsion of oil and water containing emulsifier and preservative

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5
Q

What is an ointment?

A

semi-solid mix of grease and oil containing soft paraffin

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6
Q

What is the treatment of eczema?

A
  1. Avoidance and soap substitutes
  2. Emollient
  3. Topical steroids for flare ups
  4. Calcineurin inhibitors
  5. Systemic immunosuppressants
    Antihistamines at night sometimes
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7
Q

What is the treatment of psoriasis?

A

Topical:

  1. Emollients
  2. Topical steroid and vitamin D
  3. Coal tar if widespread
  4. Immunosuppressants

Other:
Phototherapy
Methotrexate (DMARD)
Biologics

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8
Q

How does dermatitis herpetiformis present?

A

Itchy blistering rash, associated with coeliac

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9
Q

What is dermatitis herpeticum?

A

When eczema gets infected with HSV, can be lethal

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10
Q

Pemphigus vs pemphigoid

A

Pemphigus: nikolsky sign positive, IgG against desmogleins

Pemphigoid: IgG against hemidesmosomes, sub-epidermal

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11
Q

What are warts caused by?

A

HPV

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12
Q

Describe immunofluorescence of pemphigus and pemphigoid

A

pemphigoid: linear IgG
pemphigus: scattered IgG

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13
Q

What strains of HPV cause what?

A

1-4: warts
6 and 11: genital warts
16 and 18: cancer

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14
Q

Histology of warts?

A

Focal epidermal hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis and papillomatosis

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15
Q

Histology of psoriasis?

A

Parakeratosis (cell nuclei within stratum corneum) and thickened projections of the prickle cell layer of keratinocytes (psoriasiform hyperplasia). There is no granular layer

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16
Q

What is the extra layer in thick skin (sole of foot and palms of hands)?

A

Stratum lucidum - translucent under microscope, made of dead cells

17
Q

Enzyme defect in porphyria cutanea tarda?

A

uroprophyrogen decarboxylase

18
Q

What builds up in PCT?

A

uroporphyrogen

19
Q

Presentation of PCT?

A

Blistering, fragility, hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis

20
Q

Investigation for PCT?

A

Wood lamp

21
Q

Erythropoietic porphyria enzyme defect?

A

ferrochelatase

22
Q

What build up in EP?

A

protoporphyrin ix

23
Q

what is a classic presentation of EP?

A

child crying in the sunlight :(

24
Q

What is the enzyme defect in acute intermittent porphyria?

A

PBG deaminase

25
Q

What builds up in AIP?

A

hydroxymethylbilane

26
Q

Risk factors for skin cancer?

A 
constant sun exposure - SCC
burning and recovering - BCC, MM
Type 1 skin
Moles
pre-cancerous lesions
Immunosuppression  
Getting burnt as a child lol
FHx
Radiation treatment
27
Q

Acne treatments?

A
  1. topical retinoid
  2. benzoyl peroxide
  3. topical abx (tetracyclines)
  4. oral abx or oral isotretinoin
28
Q

Side effects of acne treatment?

A

Dry skin, worse before better

29
Q

difference between rosacea and acne?

A

Blackheads only occur in acne, flushing and redness in rosacea

30
Q

Treatment for rosacea

A

Metronidazole

31
Q

What two distinct diseases does HZV cause?

A

Chickenpox and shingles

32
Q

What is Ramsay hunt syndrome?

A

reactivation of HZV in geniculate ganglion of CNVII - old people with hearing loss

33
Q

What sign is seen in ophthalmic HZV?

A

Hutchinson sign (tip of nose indicates high chance of ocular involvement)

34
Q

What is molluscum contagiosum?

A

highly contagious virus common in children or spread through sexual contact, not painful but itchy, self limiting but takes months to go away

35
Q

What is epidermolysis bullosa?

A

Breakdown of anchoring between epidermis and dermis

Second Year Exams (8 decks)

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