Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Danny's Phase 2A Medicine > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

ACNE

What is it and when is the normal onset?

A

Inflammation of pilosebaceous units

adolescence to early adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ACNE

Features of Acne?

A

1) Increased sebum production by sebaceous glands
2) Colonisation of pilosebaceous glands by Propionibacterium acnes
3) Follicular epidermal hyperproliferation + blockage of pilosebaceous ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ACNE

Why is it more common during puberty?

A
  • Androgen and progesterone production increases so sebum production increases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ACNE

Types of Acne?

A
  • Open comedones- blackheads- keratin

- Closed comedones- Whiteheads- sebum, keratin and deeper in ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ACNE

What may closed comedones cause?

A

Inflammatory papules , nodules &cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ACNE

First Line treatment?

A

Keratolytics (benzyl peroxide)- thins skin, clears pores, decreases bacteria
Topical Retinoids- (iso/tretinoin), topical erythromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ACNE

Second Line treatment?

A

low does Abx ( Doxycycline/ erythromycin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ACNE

Third line treatment?

A
  • Po retinoids (isotretinoin )

vitamin A analogues that affect cell growth and differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ECZEMA

Aetiology?

A
  • Abnormal epithelial barrier function

- Allows antigens/irritants to penetrate skin & reach immune cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ECZEMA

Which cell(s) drive the acute phase?

A

Th-2 CD4 Lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q 
ECZEMA
Which cell(s) drive the chronic phase?
A

Th0/Th1 CD4 lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ECZEMA

Exacerbating factors?

A
  • animal hair
  • strong detergents
  • dietary allergens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ECZEMA

Where is it normally found and what does it look like?

A
  • usually found in flexures

- Itchy, erythematous, scaly patches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ECZEMA

Management?

A

1) Emollient creams (hydrate)

2) Steroid creams e.g hydrocortisone/ betamethasone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CONTACT DERMATITIS

Cause?

A
  • CLeaning products
  • Chemical irritants
  • Type IV hypersensitivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CONTACT DERMATITIS

Features?

A
  • Unusual rash, clear cut borders/ odd shaped areas of erythema/ scaling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

CONTACT DERMATITIS

Treat?

A

1) Remove cause
2) Steroids
3) Antipruritic agents `

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

PSORIASIS

Cause and triggers?

A
  • polygenic- 9 loci identified

1) Group A strep infection
2) UV light
3) Lithium
4) Alcohol
5) Stress

All T- lymphocyte driven

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

PSORIASIS

What is plaque psoriasis?

A

found in kids/ adults

  • Eruption of small circular plaques, on trunk, 2 weeks after strep infection (sore throat)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

PSORIASIS

What is Erythrodermic psoriasis?

A

severe and life threatening

  • widespread intense inflammation of the skin- fever, malaise, circulating problems
21
Q

PSORIASIS

What may be seen if someone has psoriasis?

A

1) pitting/ onycholysis / yellow- brown nails

2) Psoriatic arthritis in 20% of patients

22
Q

PSORIASIS

Management? (1st and 2nd)

A

1st - emollient creams (hydrate)
2nd- Topical Agents - Vit D3 analogues (calcipotriol)
- Coal tar
- Retinoids (Tazorotene)
- Corticosteroids
- Salicylic acid

23
Q

PSORIASIS

3rd and 4th line treatment?

A

3rd- UV radiation - risk of skin cancer/ ageing

4th- Systematic therapy if all else fails and also erythrodermic psoriasis requires systematic therapy

  • Oral retinoids
  • Immunosuppression (methotrexate, azathioprine)
  • Biological Agents (infliximab)
24
Q

SKIN CANCER

What is the most serious case of skin cancer?

A

MALIGNANT MELANOMA

Metastases early and hard to treat after this

25
SKIN CANCER Criteria of malignant melanoma?
``` Asymmetry of mole Border irregularity Colour variation Diameter >6mm Evolution ```
26
SKIN CANCER | List the Glasgow 7 point Criteria
MAJOR - Change in size shape colour MINOR - diameter >6mm - inflammation/bleeding - mild itch/ altered sensation
27
SKIN CANCER | Name 4 types of melanoma?
Superficial Spreading Melanoma Nodular Melanoma Lentigo Malignant Melanoma Acral Lentiginous Melanoma
28
SKIN CANCER What is Superficial Spreading Melanoma (70% of melanomas)
Large, flat, irregular pigmented lesion that grows out before deep
29
SKIN CANCER What is Nodular Melanoma? (15% of all melanomas)
- rapidly growing pigmented nodule that bleeds/ ulcerates
30
SKIN CANCER What is Lentigo Malignant Melanoma?
- Patch of 'lentigo melanoma'- slow growing lesion on face of elderly
31
SKIN CANCER WHat is Acral Lentiginous Melanoma?
Pigmented lesions on palm, sole or under nail
32
SKIN CANCER Treat?
- excision | - mets treated with chemo
33
What is Basal Cell Carcinoma?
- most common malignant skin tumour - occurs later in life on sun exposed skin - shiny nodule which may ulcerate
34
Treatment of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma?
- excision | - radiotherapy to treat mets/ recurrence
35
What is Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
- more dangerous than BCC as it can metastasise | - ulcerated lesion with hard, raised edges at sun exposed sites
36
SKIN ULCERS What are they?
Abnormal breaks in epithelial surface
37
SKIN ULCERS Different classes?
- Venous (70%) - Mixed A+V (15% ) - Arterial (2%) - neuropathic, diabetic, traumatic, infective, lymphoedema
38
SKIN ULCERS | Where is a common site for a venous skin ulcer and how does it occur?
1) Incompetence of valves in lower legs 2) Blood pooling and varicose veins 3) They aren't drained fast enough- dies and sloughed off leaving ulcer, commonly just above medial malleolus
39
SKIN ULCERS | Cause of Arterial Skin Ulcer?
- Atheroma - More painful and shallow - NEVER use compression bandaging
40
SKIN ULCERS Management?
1) prevent smoking, adequate nutrition, good nursing care | 2) Compression bandaging if ABPI okay don't cut off blood supply! this is a cause
41
CELLULITIS What is it
- spreading infection involving deep subcutaneous layer
42
CELLULITIS Causes
Group A strep / s pyogens/ s aureus
43
CELLULITIS Lower limb risks?
- lymphoedema - ulcer - trauma - athletes foot
44
CELLULITIS Features
- Erythema, poorly marked margins, warmth, swell, tender, maybe a fever
45
CELLULITIS Ix?
- FBC - Cultures - swab at rash/ point of entry
46
CELLULITIS Treatment?
- Phenoxymethylpenicillin/ Flucloxacillin (erythromycin if allergic)
47
NECROTIZING FASCIITIS What is it?
Rapid deep fascia infection = necrosis of subcutaneous tissue
48
NECROTIZING FASCIITIS Features?
- pain - erythema - systemic toxicity
49
NECROTIZING FASCIITIS Treat?
-benzylpenicillin and surgical debridement

Danny's Phase 2A Medicine (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions