Dermatology Flashcards
Which bacteria most commonly infects patients with atopic dermatitis? Which virus?
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S. aureus most commonly infects patients with atopic dermatitis. Eczema herpeticum is caused by HSV and can cause disseminated infection
What is the clinical presentation of seborrhea?
Seborrhea causes yellow or greasy scale overlying erythematous patches or plaques. It commonly affects the scalp, eyebrows, paranasal area, and external auditory canals, although the chest, axilla, and groin areas can also be affected.
What is the clinical presentation of intertrigo?
Intertrigo is an irritant dermatitis found in macerated skin folds. It presents with tender, brightly erythematous, moist patches.
Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Allergic contact dermatitis is caused by type 4 delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction.
How do you distinguish rosacea from acne vulgaris?
Unlike acne vulgaris, rosacea has telangiectasias without comedones.
What are the serious side effects of isotretinoin?
Isotretinoin is severely teratogenic. It is also associated with pseudotumor cerebri.
Which inflammatory scarring disease affects the axilla, groin, and perianal areas?
Hidradenitis suppurativa causes inflammatory scarring of the axilla, groin, and perianal areas.
Which finding on the buccal mucosa can be seen with measles? Describe and name the finding.
Koplik spots are white papules in the buccal mucosa surrounded by an erythematous border. They usually precede the skin lesions by several days.
Which viral infection causes hairy leukoplakia?
Oral hairy leukoplakia is caused by Epstein Barr virus.
A beefy red tongue is seen with which underlying disease states?
A beefy, red tongue (glossitis) is seen in pernicious anemia nad various vitamin B deficiencies. It can also be seen in glucagonomas.
If you see macroglossia, which underlying diseases should you consider?
Macroglossia is associated with myeloma, primary amyloidosis, lymphoma, hemangioma, acromegaly, hypothyroidism, angioedema, and Down syndrome.
Which adverse cutaneous reactions are associated with phenytoin?
Phenytoin can cause various adverse cutaneous reactions. These include a hypersensitivity syndrome (rash, facial edema, lymphadenopathy, and hepatitis), hypertrophied gums, and hirsutism.
What is gadolinium? Which adverse reaction can it have?
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Gadolinium is used for MRI contrast. It can cause nephrogenic systemic sclerosis in patients with underlying renal insufficiency
Which drug class is the most common cause of angioedema?
ACE-inhibitors are the most common cause of angioedema.
Nail pitting with onycholysis is a fairly specific finding for which dermatologic disorder?
Nail pitting with onycholysis is fairly specific for psoriasis.
Which drugs should be added to the regimen for patients with psoriatic arthritis?
Psoriasis patients with psoriatic arthritis should be treated with immunosuppressants (MTX or cyclosporine) or biologic immunomodulators. The latter include TNF-alpha inhibitors (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab), IL-12 and IL-23 blocker (ustekinumab (Stelara)), and IL-17A blocker ( secukinumab (Cosentyx) and ixekizumab (Taltz)).
Characterize the malar rash of systemic lupus.
The malar rash involves both cheeks and extends across the bridge of the nose, sparing the nasolabial fold. It is erythematous and either flat or slightly edematous. It often worsens with sunlight exposure (photosensitivity).
What are the manifestations of limited systemic sclerosis?
Limited systemic sclerosis is formerly called CREST syndrome. It presents with calcinosis cutis, Raynaud phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasias.