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PLE TN Mastery > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Clinical hallmark of acne vulgaris

A

Comedone

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2
Q

Drug of choice for mild non-inflammatory acne

A

Topical retinoids

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3
Q

Treatment of choice for severe nodulocystic acne unresponsive to other therapy

A

synthetic retinoid - isotretinoin

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4
Q

treatment for moderate to severe acne with prominent inflammation

A

topical retinoids with systemic therapy (e.g. doxycycline/tetracycline)

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5
Q

Pathogenesis of psoriasis

A

T cell-mediated disorder that leads to epidermal hyperproliferation

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6
Q

Most common variety of psoriasis

A

Plaque type

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7
Q

Treatment for localized lesions of psoriasis

A

mid potency topical steroids

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8
Q

Treatment for widespread lesions of psoriasis

A

ultraviolet light

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9
Q

Development of psoriasis lesions in traumatized area

A

Koebner phenomenon

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10
Q

removal of the scale causes pinpoint bleeding in psoriasis

A

Auspitz Sign

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11
Q

immune-mediated disease characterized by erythematous, sharply demarcated papules and plaques covered by silvery micaceous scale

A

Psoriasis

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12
Q

“telescoping fingers”

A

arthritis mutilans

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13
Q

“sausage digits”

A

psoriatic arthritis

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14
Q

What agent should NOT be used in localized psoriasis to avoid life-threatening pustular type

A

oral steroids

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15
Q

“an itch that rashes”

A

atopic dermatitis

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16
Q

most prominent characteristic of atopic dermatitis

A

pruritus

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17
Q

pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis

A

impaired epidermal barrier

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18
Q

typical secondary skin lesion seen in atopic dermatitis

A

lichenification

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19
Q

treatment regimen commonly used for atopic dermatitis

A

low to mid potency glucocorticoids

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20
Q

typical lesion of atopic dermatitis

A

dermatitis of flexural skin particularly in the antecubital and popliteal fossae

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21
Q

what type of hypersensitivity reaction is responsible for contact dermatitis?

A

type iv hypersensitivity reaction

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22
Q

definitive diagnostic test for contact dermatitis

A

Patch testing

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23
Q

most appropriate treatment for contact dermatitis

A

avoid exposure or contact with allergens

  • give high potency topical steroids to relieve symptoms
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24
Q

Multiple intensely pruritic, small papules and vesicles on the thenar and hypothenar eminences and the sides of the fingers

A

Dyshidrotic eczema

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25
Most common location of seborrheic dermatitis
Scalp
26
Scaly greasy flaky skin found on erythematous patch or plaque; affects the eyebrows, eyelids glabella, nasolabial folds, external auditory canal, and post auricular areas
Seborrheic dermatitis
27
Treatment for seborrheic dermatitis
Low potency topical glucocorticoids; high potency for severe scalp involvement topical antifungal such as ketoconazole anti-dandruff shampoo (with zinc pyrithione)
28
Typical location of stasis dermatitis
medial aspect of the ankle
29
cause of hyperpigmentation in chronic stasis dermatitis
Hemosiderin
30
Most indicated therapy for stasis dermatitis
leg elevation and compression stockings
31
Erythema and scaling associated with pruritus. May become acutely inflamed with crusting and exudate; becomes progressively pigmented due to chronic erythrocyte extravasation leading to cutaneous hemosiderin deposition ; Develops on the lower extremities secondary to venous and competence and chronic edema
Stasis dermatitis
32
risk factors for stasis dermatitis
DVT and varicose veins
33
appropriate diagnostic test for cutaneous drug reaction
frozen section skin biopsy
34
cutaneous drug reaction that affects less than 10% of total body surface area
SJS
35
cutaneous drug reaction that affects more than 30% of total body surface area
TEN
36
drugs that commonly cause SJS or TEN
``` Sulfonamides Allopurinol Anticonvulsants NSAID (oxicam) Lamotrigine Nevirapine ```
37
most common drug-induced reaction
morbilliform or maculopapular eruptions
38
type 4a hypersensitivity reaction
t lymphocyte-mediated macrophage inflammation
39
type 4b hypersensitivity reaction
t lymphocyte mediated eosinophil inflammation
40
type 4c hypersensitivity reaction
t lymphocyte mediated cytotoxic t-lymphocyte inflammation
41
type 4d hypersensitivity reaction
t lymphocyte mediated neutrophil inflammation
42
hallmark lesion of herpes simplex
painful grouped vesicles
43
best initial test for herpes
Tzanck smear
44
treatment for herpes simplex
Oral acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir Foscarnet for acyclovir-resistant heerpes
45
most accurate test for herpes
viral culture
46
" pain comes before the rash"
herpes zoster (shingles)
47
most debilitating complication of herpes zoster
pain with acute neuritis and postherpetic neuralgia
48
Ramsay hunt syndrome in herpes zoster presents as:
Pain and vesicles in the external auditory canal, loss of taste in in anterior 2/3 of the tongue, ipsilateral facial palsy
49
Treatment for herpes zoster
Acyclovir 800 mg 5 times a day for 7 to 10 days, IV aciclovir for severely immunocompromised host, steroid for healthy elderly persons with moderate or severe pain
50
" dew drops on a rose petal"
Varicella zoster or chicken pox
51
Begins with "herald patch" several days or weeks before the rest of the lesions develop. Lesions are erythematosus and salmon colored with fine scale ("cigarette paper") Lesions on the back appear as a "christmas tree pattern".
Ptyriasis rosea
52
What sti must be ruled out in all patients suspected of pityriasis rosea
Syphilis
53
treatment for pityriasis rosea
topical steroid and antihistamine for very itchy lesions; uvb phototherapy for refractory cases
54
Best initial test for primary syphilis
dark field microscopy
55
Treatment of primary syphilis
penicillin IM single dose
56
Sensitivity of VDRL & RPR in primary syphilis
75%
57
Best initial test for secondary syphilis
VDRL & RPR
58
typical scaling erythematous papules and few linear burrows that can be extremely pruritic particularly at night
Scabies
59
diagnostic testing for scabies
scraping out the organism after mineral oil is applied to the burrow
60
Best initial therapy for scabies
permethrim
61
circular patches with advancing red sharp irregular border with central scaling; pruritic eruptions
tinea corporis or ringworm
62
diagnostic testing for tinea corporis
KOH preparation
63
treatment for ringworm infection
Oral or topical antifungal; continue treatment for 1-2 weeks after clearing of the lesions
64
ABCDEs of melanoma
``` Asymmetric shape, Border irregularity, Color variegation, Diameter >6mm, Evolving, Excision biopsy is standard of care ```
65
Central ulceration with pearly, rolled, telangiectatic tumor border
Basal cell carcinoma
66
Most common skin cancer
Basal cell CA
67
Most impt risk factor for basal & squamous cell ca
Sun exposure
68
Most aggressive and most common life-threatening dermatologic disease
Melanoma
69
Most common site of basal cell carcinoma
Nose
70
Strongest risk factors for melanoma
Multiple benign or atypical navi and a family history of melanoma
71
Hallmark of squamous cell carcinoma when viewed through a dermatoscope
Dotted or coiled vessels
72
Multiple violaceous papules on the neck, back, and face; associated with herpes virus 8 and hiv
Kaposi's sarcoma
73
Treatment for kaposi sarcoma
Best: Effective antiretroviral therapy for hiv patients ( to raise the cd4 count) systemic chemotherapy with adriamycin

PLE TN Mastery (6 decks)

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