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PLE TN Mastery > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Clinical hallmark of acne vulgaris

A

Comedone

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2
Q

Drug of choice for mild non-inflammatory acne

A

Topical retinoids

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3
Q

Treatment of choice for severe nodulocystic acne unresponsive to other therapy

A

synthetic retinoid - isotretinoin

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4
Q

treatment for moderate to severe acne with prominent inflammation

A

topical retinoids with systemic therapy (e.g. doxycycline/tetracycline)

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5
Q

Pathogenesis of psoriasis

A

T cell-mediated disorder that leads to epidermal hyperproliferation

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6
Q

Most common variety of psoriasis

A

Plaque type

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7
Q

Treatment for localized lesions of psoriasis

A

mid potency topical steroids

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8
Q

Treatment for widespread lesions of psoriasis

A

ultraviolet light

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9
Q

Development of psoriasis lesions in traumatized area

A

Koebner phenomenon

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10
Q

removal of the scale causes pinpoint bleeding in psoriasis

A

Auspitz Sign

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11
Q

immune-mediated disease characterized by erythematous, sharply demarcated papules and plaques covered by silvery micaceous scale

A

Psoriasis

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12
Q

“telescoping fingers”

A

arthritis mutilans

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13
Q

“sausage digits”

A

psoriatic arthritis

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14
Q

What agent should NOT be used in localized psoriasis to avoid life-threatening pustular type

A

oral steroids

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15
Q

“an itch that rashes”

A

atopic dermatitis

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16
Q

most prominent characteristic of atopic dermatitis

A

pruritus

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17
Q

pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis

A

impaired epidermal barrier

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18
Q

typical secondary skin lesion seen in atopic dermatitis

A

lichenification

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19
Q

treatment regimen commonly used for atopic dermatitis

A

low to mid potency glucocorticoids

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20
Q

typical lesion of atopic dermatitis

A

dermatitis of flexural skin particularly in the antecubital and popliteal fossae

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21
Q

what type of hypersensitivity reaction is responsible for contact dermatitis?

A

type iv hypersensitivity reaction

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22
Q

definitive diagnostic test for contact dermatitis

A

Patch testing

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23
Q

most appropriate treatment for contact dermatitis

A

avoid exposure or contact with allergens

  • give high potency topical steroids to relieve symptoms
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24
Q

Multiple intensely pruritic, small papules and vesicles on the thenar and hypothenar eminences and the sides of the fingers

A

Dyshidrotic eczema

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25
Q

Most common location of seborrheic dermatitis

A

Scalp

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26
Q

Scaly greasy flaky skin found on erythematous patch or plaque; affects the eyebrows, eyelids glabella, nasolabial folds, external auditory canal, and post auricular areas

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

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27
Q

Treatment for seborrheic dermatitis

A

Low potency topical glucocorticoids; high potency for severe scalp involvement

topical antifungal such as ketoconazole

anti-dandruff shampoo (with zinc pyrithione)

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28
Q

Typical location of stasis dermatitis

A

medial aspect of the ankle

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29
Q

cause of hyperpigmentation in chronic stasis dermatitis

A

Hemosiderin

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30
Q

Most indicated therapy for stasis dermatitis

A

leg elevation and compression stockings

31
Q

Erythema and scaling associated with pruritus. May become acutely inflamed with crusting and exudate; becomes progressively pigmented due to chronic erythrocyte extravasation leading to cutaneous hemosiderin deposition ;

Develops on the lower extremities secondary to venous and competence and chronic edema

A

Stasis dermatitis

32
Q

risk factors for stasis dermatitis

A

DVT and varicose veins

33
Q

appropriate diagnostic test for cutaneous drug reaction

A

frozen section skin biopsy

34
Q

cutaneous drug reaction that affects less than 10% of total body surface area

A

SJS

35
Q

cutaneous drug reaction that affects more than 30% of total body surface area

A

TEN

36
Q

drugs that commonly cause SJS or TEN

A 
Sulfonamides
Allopurinol
Anticonvulsants
NSAID (oxicam)
Lamotrigine
Nevirapine
37
Q

most common drug-induced reaction

A

morbilliform or maculopapular eruptions

38
Q

type 4a hypersensitivity reaction

A

t lymphocyte-mediated macrophage inflammation

39
Q

type 4b hypersensitivity reaction

A

t lymphocyte mediated eosinophil inflammation

40
Q

type 4c hypersensitivity reaction

A

t lymphocyte mediated cytotoxic t-lymphocyte inflammation

41
Q

type 4d hypersensitivity reaction

A

t lymphocyte mediated neutrophil inflammation

42
Q

hallmark lesion of herpes simplex

A

painful grouped vesicles

43
Q

best initial test for herpes

A

Tzanck smear

44
Q

treatment for herpes simplex

A

Oral acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir

Foscarnet for acyclovir-resistant heerpes

45
Q

most accurate test for herpes

A

viral culture

46
Q

” pain comes before the rash”

A

herpes zoster (shingles)

47
Q

most debilitating complication of herpes zoster

A

pain with acute neuritis and postherpetic neuralgia

48
Q

Ramsay hunt syndrome in herpes zoster presents as:

A

Pain and vesicles in the external auditory canal,

loss of taste in in anterior 2/3 of the tongue,

ipsilateral facial palsy

49
Q

Treatment for herpes zoster

A

Acyclovir 800 mg 5 times a day for 7 to 10 days,

IV aciclovir for severely immunocompromised host,

steroid for healthy elderly persons with moderate or severe pain

50
Q

” dew drops on a rose petal”

A

Varicella zoster or chicken pox

51
Q

Begins with “herald patch” several days or weeks before the rest of the lesions develop.

Lesions are erythematosus and salmon colored with fine scale (“cigarette paper”)

Lesions on the back appear as a “christmas tree pattern”.

A

Ptyriasis rosea

52
Q

What sti must be ruled out in all patients suspected of pityriasis rosea

A

Syphilis

53
Q

treatment for pityriasis rosea

A

topical steroid and antihistamine for very itchy lesions;

uvb phototherapy for refractory cases

54
Q

Best initial test for primary syphilis

A

dark field microscopy

55
Q

Treatment of primary syphilis

A

penicillin IM single dose

56
Q

Sensitivity of VDRL & RPR in primary syphilis

A

75%

57
Q

Best initial test for secondary syphilis

A

VDRL & RPR

58
Q

typical scaling erythematous papules and few linear burrows that can be extremely pruritic particularly at night

A

Scabies

59
Q

diagnostic testing for scabies

A

scraping out the organism after mineral oil is applied to the burrow

60
Q

Best initial therapy for scabies

A

permethrim

61
Q

circular patches with advancing red sharp irregular border with central scaling; pruritic eruptions

A

tinea corporis or ringworm

62
Q

diagnostic testing for tinea corporis

A

KOH preparation

63
Q

treatment for ringworm infection

A

Oral or topical antifungal; continue treatment for 1-2 weeks after clearing of the lesions

64
Q

ABCDEs of melanoma

A 
Asymmetric shape,
Border irregularity,
Color variegation,
Diameter >6mm,
Evolving,
Excision biopsy is standard of care
65
Q

Central ulceration with pearly, rolled, telangiectatic tumor border

A

Basal cell carcinoma

66
Q

Most common skin cancer

A

Basal cell CA

67
Q

Most impt risk factor for basal & squamous cell ca

A

Sun exposure

68
Q

Most aggressive and most common life-threatening dermatologic disease

A

Melanoma

69
Q

Most common site of basal cell carcinoma

A

Nose

70
Q

Strongest risk factors for melanoma

A

Multiple benign or atypical navi and a family history of melanoma

71
Q

Hallmark of squamous cell carcinoma when viewed through a dermatoscope

A

Dotted or coiled vessels

72
Q

Multiple violaceous papules on the neck, back, and face; associated with herpes virus 8 and hiv

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

73
Q

Treatment for kaposi sarcoma

A

Best: Effective antiretroviral therapy for hiv patients ( to raise the cd4 count)

systemic chemotherapy with adriamycin

PLE TN Mastery (6 decks)

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