Dermatology Flashcards
What words do you use to describe different small lesions?
< 5mm Papule - raised lump, solid Macule - flat lesion, non-palpable Vesicle - fluid filled (e.g a cyst, pustule) Scaled - horny epithelium
What words do you use to describe different large lesions?
>5mm Patch - flat Bulla Nodule - raised Plaque - raised and larger
What are some secondary characteristics of skin lesions?
Scales Atrophy Lichenification Crusts - dried exudate Pigmentation Ulcers Fissures Telectangasia Induration
What are some location descriptors?
Continuous Discontinuous Dermatomal Symmetrical Flexor/Extensors
What is eczema?
Where is it? (Ages)
An atopic chronic, relapsing condition of the skin.
It is itchy, erythematous patches
With dry and scaly skin
Can have nail pitting
Common in people with asthma and hayfever, young children (can grow out of it)
Flexor surfaces commonly
In babies - facial and extensors (nappy sparing)
What is psoriasis?
Who is affected?
Describe…
Other?
A chronic inflammatory skin condition
Affects men and women equally.
Get it on extensor surfaces, in folds of skin (under the breasts)
Tends to be symmetrical, red erythematous patches of differing sizes, has silver scales overlying (can look like fungal infection except for scales)
Can be associated with joint pain
Kobner phenomenon - get it in sites of damage
What is scabies?
An infestation of the skin by small mites
They burrow under the surface in areas like the wrist
Get multiple itchy papules
How do you treat eczema?
No scratching, avoid perfumed things, soap alternatives Cover (avoid damaging) Emollients Topical Immunomodulators (Tacrolimus) Steroids Then oral
How do you treat psoriasis?
Wash and dry thoroughly Large amounts of emollient Vitamin D therapy Topical Steroid Cream (if extensive can do oral) Tar treatment and Calcineurin Inhibitors (Joints - DMARDs)
What is shingles?
Shingles is Herpes Zoster infection in the nerve roots of different dermatomes
Can present first with pain in area (e.g Back Pain)
Seen in middle aged people, presents after small infection
It is asymmetrical (don’t cross the midline), dermatomal, erthyematous papules.
How do you treat scabies?
Need to clean EVERYTHING (wash all clothes etc)
Treat with a topical cream
Prophylaxis to people in contact with them
How do you treat shingles?
Aciclovir for 7 days (800mg 4x daily) if over 50 or other reason to need treating
Advice needed if immunocompromised or have eye involvement
What is acne rosacea?
Appearance?
Who affects?
Triggers?
Unknown pathology, chronic, relapsing inflammation
Erthematous rash with pustules, telectangasia, lymphoedema
Can get Rhinopympia
More common in fair skinned, middle aged
Appears on the face
Can have a trigger - stress, heat, infection, spice, steroids
How do you treat acne rosacea?
Avoid Triggers unless relapsing - metronidazole
What is Erythema Nodosum?
When do you see it?
How do you treat it?
Tender, erythematous Nodules commonly seen on the shins and extensor surfaces
20% people have a fever with it
Seen in infections, IBD, strep infections, TB, the COCP, malignancy, idiopathic
Goes in 8 weeks or so, give analgesia and compression can help
What is Lichen Planus?
Itchy, red, polygonal flat with papules
On flexor surfaces, soles and palms, mucous membranes and genitals
Symmetrical
Also get Kobner phenomenon
How do you treat Lichen Planus?
Emollients
Moderate topical steroids
What is Seborrhic Keratosis?
Who gets them?
Treatment?
Keratinised, pigmented (melanin) Nodules, can have cracks in them, well demarcated
Seen commonly in older males
On sun exposed surfaces
Benign
Can remove them if patient wishes
What is Vitiligo?
Treatment?
Autoimmune depigmentation of the skin due to destruction of melanocytes
Symmetrical
More common in Afro-Caribbean populations
Protect from sun, steroids can help repigment if early in onset
What is Urticaria?
A widespread inflammatory condition due to a hypersensitivity reaction.
Can be due to any allergy, seen in anaphylaxis
Due to presence of mast cells and histamine in the dermis
Has a central Wheal (white dot) and outer Flare (red)
Can be acute and chronic
What are the types of wart?
How do you treat warts?
Planar - flat topped wart
Common - soles of feet and on hands in children
What are some common fungal skin infections?
Tinea :
Dermatophyes in dead keratin “ring worm”
Affects many areas of body
Intertrigo:
Yeast infection in folds, bright red
Pityriasis Versicolar:
Flaky fungus of body becomes mycelial form causes infection and rash
Flaky, brown patches on chest and back
Long time and can reoccur
They all like humid environments
What are some common Viral skin infections?
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
Varicella Zoster (Chicken Pox)
Warts (HPV2)
Herpes Simplex - oral and genital warts
Types of Skin Cancer?
Malignant Melanoma
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
