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Paediatrics > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What rash is common in post-mature infants?

A

Erthema toxicum

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2
Q

Which infants are most at risk of erythema toxicum?

A

Those that are post-mature

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3
Q

What does an erythema toxicum rash look like?

A

White pinpoint papules at the centre of an erythematous base

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4
Q

What tend to be the causative organisms of hand, foot and mouth disease?

A
  1. Coxsackie A16

2. Enterovirus 71

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5
Q

How is hand, foot and mouth disease managed?

A
  1. Push fluids - keep hydrated
  2. Analgesia
  3. No need for school exclusion
  4. Reassurance that not related to disease in cattle
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6
Q

What is the causative organism of roseola infantum?

A

HHV6

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7
Q

What comes first in roseola infantum - fever or rash?

A

FEVER (always first, THEN rash)

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8
Q

What are the complications of roseola infantum?

A

Aseptic meningitis

Hepatitis

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9
Q

How is chicken pox spread?

A

Via the respiratory route

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10
Q

What is the incubation of chicken pox?

A

10-21 days

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11
Q

When is the infectious period with chicken pox?

A

4 days prior to, and 5 days after the rash first appears

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12
Q

When do you keep a child off school until with chicken pox?

A

Until the vesicles have crusted over

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13
Q

What do you give exposed immunocompromised patients and newborns for prophylaxis?

A

VZIG (1 dose)

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14
Q

What do you give immunocompromised patients and newborns if chicken pox has already developed?

A

IV acyclovir

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15
Q

What are the complications of chicken pox?

A

Secondary bacterial infection of lesions
RARE - pneumonia; encephalitis; disseminated hemorrhagic chicken pox
V RARE - arthritis/nephritis/pancreatitis

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16
Q

What is the causative organism of scarlet fever?

A

Group A strep

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17
Q

In which condition does the rash feel like ‘sandpaper’?

A

Scarlet fever

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18
Q

What is strawberry tongue, and in which condition do you see it?

A

= a white coat on the tongue through which red papillae may be seen
Seen in scarlet fever

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19
Q

What is the management of scarlet fever?

A

Oral penicillin V (azithromycin if penicillin allergic)

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20
Q

When can children return to school with scarlet fever?

A

24 hours after starting antibiotics

21
Q

What are the complications of scarlet fever?

A
  1. Otitis media
  2. Rheumatic fever
  3. Acute glomerulonephritis
22
Q

What is the causative organism in measles?

A

RNA paramyxovirus

23
Q

Where does the rash start in measles?

A

Behind the ears

24
Q

What are Koplik spots, and when do they come on?

A

‘Grains of salt’ in the buccal mucosa, tend to come on before the rash

25
Q

How is measles Dx?

A

IgM antibodies (a few days post-rash onset)

26
Q

What very rare complication of measles might occur 5-10 years post-illness?

A

Subacute sclerosing pan-encephalitis

27
Q

What is scabies an infestation of?

A

Sarcoptes scabei mite

28
Q

When is itching in scabies worse?

A

In the warm and at night

29
Q

What is the treatment for scabies?

A

Permethrin 5% all over body, washed off after 8-12 hours, re-application 1 week later. All members of household treated

30
Q

How does SSSS differ from TENS?

A

No mucosal involvement

31
Q

What is seen under the microscope in SSSS vs. TENS?

A 
SSSS = characteristic horny layer
TENS = full-thickness necrotic epidermis
32
Q

How should SSSS be managed?

A

Flucloxacillin

33
Q

What are the 3 types of neonatal herpes simplex?

A
  1. SEM herpes - skin, eyes, mouth
  2. DIS herpes - disseminated herpes, affecting internal organs, esp. the liver
  3. CNS herpes
34
Q

What tend to be the causative organisms in impetigo?

A
  1. S.aureus

2. Streptococcus pyogenes

35
Q

How does SJS and TENS differ?

A 
SJS = <10% BSA
TENS = >30% BSA
36
Q

How is SJS Dx?

A

Clinically - severe mucosal ulceration involving at least 2 mucosal surfaces ( e..g lip, oral cavity, nasal, conjunctiva, urethra, vagina, GI tract or resp tract)

37
Q

What drugs can cause SJS/TENS?

A
  1. Sulphonamides
  2. NSAIDs
  3. Antibiotics
  4. AEDs
  5. Barbiturates
  6. Allopurinol
  7. Tetracyclines
38
Q

What infections can cause SJS/TENS?

A
  1. AIDS
  2. HSV
  3. EBV
  4. Influenza
  5. Typhoid
  6. Group A strep
  7. Dermatophyte
39
Q

If it is a drug cause, when do SJS/TENS tend to present?

A

2-3 weeks after starting said drug (i.e. a delayed reaction)

40
Q

What proportion of children with atopic eczema have Sx resolution by 12?

A

50%

41
Q

What proportion of children with atopic eczema have Sx resolution by 16?

A

75%

42
Q

What proportion of children with atopic eczema will go on to develop asthma?

A

1/3rd

43
Q

What tends to cause guttate psoriasis?

A

Strep/viral sore throat, or ear infection

44
Q

Over what period does guttate psoriasis tend to resolve?

A

Over 3-4 months

45
Q

What is the mild topical steroid?

A

Hydrocortisone

46
Q

What are the moderate topical steroids?

A

Eumovate

Modrasone

47
Q

What are the potent topical steroids?

A

Betnovate
Synalar
Elocon

48
Q

What is the very potent topical steroid?

A

Dermovate

Paediatrics (27 decks)

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