Dermatology

Question 1

2 types of Collagen disorders

Answer 1

Scurvy - acquired - low vitamin C leads to weak collagen - squiggly hair, teeth fallout.
Ehlers-Danlos (ED) - congenital - abnormal collagen - hyper-extensible joints.

Question 2

2 types of Elastin disorders

Answer 2

Solar elastosis - acquired - degeneration of elastic fibers from sunlight exposure - diagnose from smear
PXE - congenital - MDR mutation - elastic fibers are enlarged+tangled+calcified - skin looks like plucked chicken

Question 3

_____ is a disease involving the post capillary venules in the dermis that leads to formation of _____

Answer 3

leukocytoclastic vasculitis

immune complexes

Question 4

stasis dermatitis

Answer 4

cause: chronic venous insufficiency
presentation: lower extremity edema - scaling - bilateral

Question 5

atopic dermatitis

Answer 5

cause: filaggrin mutation - high IgE
presentation: xerosis (dry skin) - history of asthma/rhinitis - itchy
flexor side

Question 6

irritant contact dermititis

Answer 6

cause: exposure to irritant
presentation: burn instead of itch

Question 7

allergic contact dermititis

Answer 7

cause: exposure to allergen + memory immune response
type 4 (delayed) hypersensitivity reaction by memory T-cells
diagnosed with patch testing

Question 8

exanthematous eruption

Answer 8

cause: viral infection (in children) - drug reaction (in adults)
common drugs: antiobiotics

Question 9

Urticaria

Answer 9

cause: dermal edema
presentation: hives
type 1 (immediate) hypersensitivity reaction by IgE

Question 10

seborrheic dermititis

Answer 10

presentation: flaky/greasy/fine scales - often on scalp
cause: M. furfur - areas with sebaceous glands
comorbidity: Parkinson’s

Question 11

psoriasis

Answer 11

comorbidities: cardiovascular disease - arthritis - Crohn’s
can be local or systemic
presentation: extensor side

Question 12

3 types of endothelial/vascular neoplasms

Answer 12

cherry angioma - trunk - multiple - red papules

infantile hemangioma - appear by 2 m/o, resolve by 9 y/o - stain w/ placental vascular markers

port wine stain - does not resolve - pink patch to purple plaque

Question 13

2 types of sebaceous gland neoplasms

Answer 13

nevus sebaceous - yellow/orange linear plaque on face/scalp - alopecia
sebaceous hyperplasia - yellow/white papule w/ central dell - middle age

Question 14

acrochordons/skin tags are _____

Answer 14

skin growths in areas of rubbing

Question 15

1 type of fibroblast neoplasm

Answer 15

dermatofibroma - brown, firm papules - on legs - in adults - elongated rete ridges, increased melanin, whorled patterned dermis

Question 16

1 type of keratinocyte neoplasm

Answer 16

seborrheic keratosis - oval, brown/black papules/plaques - chest and back - adults

Question 17

1 type of neural neoplasm

Answer 17

neurofibroma - pink papules w/ button hole sign

Question 18

impetigo

Answer 18

agent: Staph. aureus + Strep. pyogenes
clinical: face - honey colored yellow crust - blisters - single—>multiple blisters
diagnosis: gram stain

Question 19

cellulitis

Answer 19

agent: Strep. pyogenes + Staph. aureus + Haem. influenzae
clinical: face/extremities - cliff drop border - ill defined - painful - lymph streaking - warm - unilateral
diagnosis: gram stain

Question 20

dermatophyte infection

Answer 20

fungal - many species - can be anywhere on body - eats keratin
diagnosis: KOH

Question 21

candidiasis

Answer 21

agent: Cand. albicans
clinical: mucous membranes - eats glucose/serum - thrush
diagnosis: KOH

Question 22

Tinea Versicolor

Answer 22

agent: Malas. furfur
clinical: eats lipids - on trunk - tan scaly macule/patch - asymptomatic - hypopigmented
diagnosis: KOH (spaghetti+meatballs)

Question 23

Scabies

Answer 23

agent: Sarcoptes scabiei hominis (mite)
clinical: soft skin areas - itchy, esp at night - red papules/burrows - genital nodules
diagnosis: mineral oil (check for mites, eggs, feces)

Question 24

lice

Answer 24

agent: Pedic. humanis capitis (scalp) - Pedic. humanis corporis (body) - Phthirus pubis (genital)
clinical: itchy - red papules (body) - attached to hair shafts

Question 25

acanthosis nigricans

Answer 25

presentation: soft, dark areas in skin folds, hands, neck
comorbidities: diabetes, cancer, endocrinopathies

Question 26

infective endocarditis

Answer 26

presentation: fever - mailaise - fatigue - splinter hemorrhages in nails - Janeway lesions - Osler nodes

Question 27

systemic scleroderma

Answer 27

presentation: thick skin on hands/fingers - tight skin around mouth - difficulty eating
clinical: ANA positive

Question 28

sarcoidosis

Answer 28

presentation: hyperpigmented, ulcerated plaques
clinical: X-Ray shows bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

Question 29

lichen planus

Answer 29

presentation: purple, pruritic papules - mouth sores
clinical: HCV (Hep C) positive

Question 30

pyoderma gangrenosum

Answer 30

presentation: enlarging ulcers w/ necrotic border -
comorbidity: inflammatory bowel disease - internal lesions
NEVER DEBRIDE

Question 31

koilonychia

Answer 31

presentation: hair loss - heavy menses - nail changes
comorbidity: iron deficiency

Question 32

SLE

Answer 32

presentation: Malar rash (rosacea) - Discoid rash - photosensitivity - mouth ulcers

Question 33

Compared to UVB, UVA light has a _____ wavelength, penetrates _____, and has _____ energy

Answer 33

longer
deeper
less

Question 34

genetic defect in hemidesmosomes leads to _____

Answer 34

Epidermolysis Bullosa

Question 35

acquired antibody to hemidesmosomes leads to _____

Answer 35

Bullous Phemphigoid

Question 36

acquired antibody to desmosomes/desmoglein leads to _____

Answer 36

Pemphigus Vulgaris