Dermatology Flashcards
2 types of Collagen disorders
Scurvy - acquired - low vitamin C leads to weak collagen - squiggly hair, teeth fallout.
Ehlers-Danlos (ED) - congenital - abnormal collagen - hyper-extensible joints.
2 types of Elastin disorders
Solar elastosis - acquired - degeneration of elastic fibers from sunlight exposure - diagnose from smear
PXE - congenital - MDR mutation - elastic fibers are enlarged+tangled+calcified - skin looks like plucked chicken
_____ is a disease involving the post capillary venules in the dermis that leads to formation of _____
leukocytoclastic vasculitis
immune complexes
stasis dermatitis
cause: chronic venous insufficiency
presentation: lower extremity edema - scaling - bilateral
atopic dermatitis
cause: filaggrin mutation - high IgE
presentation: xerosis (dry skin) - history of asthma/rhinitis - itchy
flexor side
irritant contact dermititis
cause: exposure to irritant
presentation: burn instead of itch
allergic contact dermititis
cause: exposure to allergen + memory immune response
type 4 (delayed) hypersensitivity reaction by memory T-cells
diagnosed with patch testing
exanthematous eruption
cause: viral infection (in children) - drug reaction (in adults)
common drugs: antiobiotics
Urticaria
cause: dermal edema
presentation: hives
type 1 (immediate) hypersensitivity reaction by IgE
seborrheic dermititis
presentation: flaky/greasy/fine scales - often on scalp
cause: M. furfur - areas with sebaceous glands
comorbidity: Parkinson’s
psoriasis
comorbidities: cardiovascular disease - arthritis - Crohn’s
can be local or systemic
presentation: extensor side
3 types of endothelial/vascular neoplasms
cherry angioma - trunk - multiple - red papules
infantile hemangioma - appear by 2 m/o, resolve by 9 y/o - stain w/ placental vascular markers
port wine stain - does not resolve - pink patch to purple plaque
2 types of sebaceous gland neoplasms
nevus sebaceous - yellow/orange linear plaque on face/scalp - alopecia
sebaceous hyperplasia - yellow/white papule w/ central dell - middle age
acrochordons/skin tags are _____
skin growths in areas of rubbing
1 type of fibroblast neoplasm
dermatofibroma - brown, firm papules - on legs - in adults - elongated rete ridges, increased melanin, whorled patterned dermis
1 type of keratinocyte neoplasm
seborrheic keratosis - oval, brown/black papules/plaques - chest and back - adults
1 type of neural neoplasm
neurofibroma - pink papules w/ button hole sign
impetigo
agent: Staph. aureus + Strep. pyogenes
clinical: face - honey colored yellow crust - blisters - single—>multiple blisters
diagnosis: gram stain
cellulitis
agent: Strep. pyogenes + Staph. aureus + Haem. influenzae
clinical: face/extremities - cliff drop border - ill defined - painful - lymph streaking - warm - unilateral
diagnosis: gram stain
dermatophyte infection
fungal - many species - can be anywhere on body - eats keratin
diagnosis: KOH
candidiasis
agent: Cand. albicans
clinical: mucous membranes - eats glucose/serum - thrush
diagnosis: KOH
Tinea Versicolor
agent: Malas. furfur
clinical: eats lipids - on trunk - tan scaly macule/patch - asymptomatic - hypopigmented
diagnosis: KOH (spaghetti+meatballs)
Scabies
agent: Sarcoptes scabiei hominis (mite)
clinical: soft skin areas - itchy, esp at night - red papules/burrows - genital nodules
diagnosis: mineral oil (check for mites, eggs, feces)
lice
agent: Pedic. humanis capitis (scalp) - Pedic. humanis corporis (body) - Phthirus pubis (genital)
clinical: itchy - red papules (body) - attached to hair shafts
acanthosis nigricans
presentation: soft, dark areas in skin folds, hands, neck
comorbidities: diabetes, cancer, endocrinopathies
infective endocarditis
presentation: fever - mailaise - fatigue - splinter hemorrhages in nails - Janeway lesions - Osler nodes
systemic scleroderma
presentation: thick skin on hands/fingers - tight skin around mouth - difficulty eating
clinical: ANA positive
sarcoidosis
presentation: hyperpigmented, ulcerated plaques
clinical: X-Ray shows bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
lichen planus
presentation: purple, pruritic papules - mouth sores
clinical: HCV (Hep C) positive
pyoderma gangrenosum
presentation: enlarging ulcers w/ necrotic border -
comorbidity: inflammatory bowel disease - internal lesions
NEVER DEBRIDE
koilonychia
presentation: hair loss - heavy menses - nail changes
comorbidity: iron deficiency
SLE
presentation: Malar rash (rosacea) - Discoid rash - photosensitivity - mouth ulcers
Compared to UVB, UVA light has a _____ wavelength, penetrates _____, and has _____ energy
longer
deeper
less
genetic defect in hemidesmosomes leads to _____
Epidermolysis Bullosa
acquired antibody to hemidesmosomes leads to _____
Bullous Phemphigoid
acquired antibody to desmosomes/desmoglein leads to _____
Pemphigus Vulgaris
