Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

*Pance Re-Up * > Dermatology #4 > Flashcards

Dermatology #4 Flashcards

1
Q

Three MCC of dermatophyte infections

A

Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Explain what these are:

Tinea Capitis: _____
Tinea Barbae: ____
Tinea Pedis: _____
Tinea Cruris: _____
Tinea Corporis: _____

A

Scalp
Hair Follicles
Foot
Groin
Trunk, legs, arms, neck (body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tinea Capitis, AKA ______, is MC in who?

A

Ringworm

Poor hygiene, preadolescents, African Americans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diagnostics for Tinea Infection

A

-KOH prep (initially)
-Woods Lamp
-Culture Definitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When using a Wood’s Lamp, what will you see and what is the cause if…

A

No fluorescence: Trichophyton
Fluorescence: Microsporum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Treatment for Tinea Capitis and one thing to be remembered with the treatment

A

-Oral Griseofulvin
–Can cause hepatitis, so avoid if the patient drinks alcohol

-Others: Oral Terbinafine, Lifestyle changes to prevent recurrence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

True or False: Tinea Capitis is the ONLY Tinea that requires an oral medication?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tinea Pedis, also known as _____, is….

A

Athlete’s Foot

The MC dermatophyte infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which type of athlete’s foot is MC

A

Interdigital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treatment for athlete’s foot

A

Topical antifungals: Butenafine, Tolnaftate, Azoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tinea Cruris, also known as ______, is due to which fungus?

A

Jock Itch

Trichophyton Rubrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tinea Corporis MCC and who does it occur in most times?

A

T. Rubrum

Direct contact, so think wrestlers for example

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tinea Versicolor is caused due to a yeast. Name the yeast.

A

Malessezia Furfur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Symptoms of Tinea Versicolor

A

-Hyper or hypo pigmented well-demarcated round macules with fine scaling

-Involved skin fails to tan!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What diagnostics can be done for Tinea Versicolor and what is seen?

A

KOH Prep: hyphae and spores (spaghetti and meatballs)

Wood’s Lamp: yellow-green fluorescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Treatment for tinea versicolor

A

Topical Selenium Sulfide, Sodium Sulfacetamide Shampoo

Oral Azoles if no relief with those

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

MC association of acanthosis nigricans

A

Obesity, disorders with insulin resistance (DM, Cushing’s, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is one unique thing about acanthosis nigricans that should be remembered?

A

It is a paraneoplastic syndrome and usually the 1st skin manifestation of a cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Acanthosis Nigricans MC manifests where

A

Neck, groin, navel, axillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Treatment for acanthosis nigricans

A

Blood glucose control (first line)

Topical Tretinoin or Calcipotriene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is hidradenitis Suppurativa?

A

Disease of apocrine sweat glands (axillae) that is due to chronic hair follicle obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Symptoms and treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa

A

Deep-seated nodules, abscesses, tracts

Topical Clindamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

MC benign soft-tissue neoplasm

A

Lipoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe a lipoma

A

-Soft, painless, subcutaneous nodule that are freely mobile

-On Neck MC

-No treatment needed

25
Q

What is melasma?

A

AKA Chloasma (mask of pregnancy)

Hyperpigmentation of sun exposed areas

26
Q

Risk factors for melasma

A

Sun exposure, increased estrogen (pregnancy, OCP’s)

27
Q

Treatment for melasma

A

-Sun protection
-Triple therapy: Fluocinolone acetonide + Hydroquinone + Tretinoin

-Hydroquinone Cream to help bleach skin

28
Q

What is pilonidial disease and what is the treatment?

A

-Cyst/abscess in gluteal cleft that forms due to chronic sinus tract development

-Warm compresses, drainage

29
Q

Risk factors for pressure ulcers

A

Incontinence, elderly, immobilization

30
Q

Explain the four stages of pressure ulcers

A

-1: superficial, nonblanchable redness
2: damage into dermis, blister/abrasion
3: into subcutaneous layer
4: deepest. Into muscle/tendon/bone

31
Q

Treatment for pressure ulcer

A

Wound care, pressure redistribution, and debridement of wounds

32
Q

Urticaria, also known as _____, is a Type ___ immediate hypersensitivity reaction

A

Hives

Type I

33
Q

What causes urticaria?

A

Release of histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandins

34
Q

Explain urticaria in words

A

Circumscribed hives or wheals (blanch able, raised, erythematous areas on skin)

35
Q

Although urticaria is usually self-limiting, what are some treatments that can be given to patients?

A

Antihistamines (H1 blockers): Loratidine and Fexofenadine

H2 blockers: Diphenhydramine, Epi-Pen

36
Q

What is vitiligo?

A

Autoimmune destruction of melanocytes that leads to skin depigmentation

37
Q

Vitiligo is associated with

A

Thyroid disease

38
Q

Treatment for vitiligo

A

Topical corticosteroids

Phototherapy if disseminated

39
Q

Explain the rule of 9’s

A

4.5 head front
9 torso front
9 chest front
4.5 arm front
4.5 arm front
1 groin
9 front leg
9 front leg

40
Q

Explain a “minor burn”

A

< 10% TBSA in adults
<5% in kids/elderly
< 2% full thickness

Does not involve hands, feet, face, perineum

41
Q

Explain a “major burn”

A

> 25% in adults
20% in kids or old
10% full thickness

Does involve hands, feet, face, or perineum

42
Q

What is the palmar method for determining the severity of a burn? What method is used for kids?

A

Palm is 1/2 of a %

Lund Browder Chart

43
Q

Explain a first degree burn

A

Damage to epidermis
Erythema, pain to palpation
Dry without blistering
Capillary refill intact

44
Q

Explain a second degree partial thickness burn

A

Damage to epidermis and dermis
Blanches, painful (superficial)
-blister, non painful (deep)
-Blistering
-Pink, moist skin
-No capillary refill if DEEP

45
Q

Explain a third degree partial burn

A

Full thickness burn
white, waxy, leathery skin
Dry, does not blanch
Not painful, no capillary refill

46
Q

Explain a fourth degree burn

A

Exposed fascia, muscle, bone
Skin black/dry/charred
Painless, no capillary refill

47
Q

Initial Burn Care

A

-Cooling: room temp water or colored gauze, soapy water to cleanse
-Tetanus Prophylaxis
-Dressing: Petroleum Gauze
-Follow up in 24 hours if not admitted
-Topical ABX if partial or full thickness (bacitracin, Polymyxin B Sulfate, Chlorhexidine)

48
Q

For Moderate to Severe burns….

A

Get CBC, UA and myoglobin to check for rhabdomyolysis, electrolytes

Fluid resuscitation

-Monitor urine output

49
Q

What method is used for fluid resuscitation in burns?

A

Parkland Formula

4 mL x weight (kg) x % TBSA

Half over 8 hours, then other half over the next 16 hours (Ringer’s Lactate)

50
Q

If the patient is suspected of carbon monoxide poisoning, what will be seen on an ABG or VBG?

A

Increased carboxyhemoglobin

51
Q

Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning

A

Headache (MC)
Bright red vessels on funduscopy
Cherry red skin

52
Q

Treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning

A

100% nonrebreather oxygen

53
Q

Symptoms of cyanide poisoning

A

Rapidly developing coma, apnea, cardiac poblems

54
Q

Treatment for cyanide poisoning

A

Hydroxocobalamin

55
Q

With electrical burns, what is the usual voltage in a home? Industrial?

A

Homes: < 1000V
Industrial: > 1000V

56
Q

Regarding electrical burns, explain AC vs DC, symptoms and which is more severe

A

AC: tetany and fibrillation.
DC: asystole and muscle contraction

AC more dangerous because DC usually throws the patient away due to the power

57
Q

What labs/diagnostics should you consider for an electrical burn?

A

ECG: arryhthmias
UA: Myoglobinuria, Rhabdomyolysis
Troponin for chest pain

58
Q

Treatment for electrical burns (when should you admit the patient)?

A

Admit if > 600 V even if asymptomatic

Maintain urine output

*Pance Re-Up * (76 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions