Dermatology Flashcards
what is the life cycle of a nevus?
junctional nevus (flat, brown)–> compound (raised, darker)–> dermal nevus (fibrotic, de-pigmented)
What is the most sensitizing topical antibiotic?
neomycin
What types of nevi are there? What conditions are they a/w?
atypical- melanoma, blue, halo-vitiligo–>Ab to melanocyte, congenital-melanoma
What is the difference btwn freckles and lentigines?
freckles depends on sun-exposure and don’t have melanocyte proliferation
How would you describe a seborrheic keratosis?
greasy, “stuck on” appearance, benign
What defines vitiligo? What other diseases should you look for?
- absence of melanocytes-hypopigmentation
- thyroid, DM, pernicious anemia, Addison’s dz
What are therapies for vitiligo?
sunscreen, cosmetics, repigmentation, minigrafting, depigmentation
What is leukoderma?
-hypopigmentation
acquired white spots, but have melanocytes for repigmentation
What is lichen sclerosus? Tx?
- hypopigmentation
- vulva pale and shiny
- clobetasol
What are the hyperpigmentations?
- post-inflammatory–>koebners
- melasma–> pregnancy
- acanthosis nigricans–>dark and velvety in skin folds
What are the types of acanthosis nigricans? Tx?
- 5 types (a/w hereditary, diabetes, obesity, drug, adenocarcinoma)
- tx underlying cause, Retin-A, dermabrasion, abx
What are the erythemas a/w? Txs?
- migrans–> lyme dz…doxycycline
- nodosum–>pre-tibial…strep infections, drugs, idiopathic, fungus, drugs…underlying
- marginatum–>RHF
- multiforme–> target lesions on hands and feet…not much
What are the levels of multiforme? What defines the two worse types?
- minor, intermediate (vestibulocullous), major (SJS), and TEN (max form of SJS)
- SJS usually drug induced 30% epidermis detached, resembles burn
What is lichen planus? tx?
- violaceous
- mucosal membranes with reticular pattern
- 4 Ps: purple, polygonal, pruritic, papules
- steroids
What are the blistering lesions? What is the etiology for both? Tx?
- pemphigus: Nikolsky’s sign, flaccid, IgG to keratinocyte
- pemphigoid: tense, erythema
- etiology: autoimmune
- tx: steroids, immunosuppressants, wound care, abx
What is a sebaceous cyst? How is this different from a lipoma? From a dermatofibroma?
- wall of true dermis contained in dermis, central punctum
- lipoma doesn’t get infected
- dermatofibroma has dimple sign and is button like dermal nodule
What is a pyogenic granuloma? Milium?
- PG: vascular malformation–> blanch w/ pressure (unlike melanoma)
- Milium: small yellow or white keratin containing epidermal cyst
What are precursor lesions to malignant melanoma? What are the types?
- precursor: lentingo maligna, congenital/dysplastic melanocytic nevi
- superficial spreading: most common, horizontal growth then vertical= slow growing
- nodular: arise quickly and grow vertically only
- others are lentigo maligna and acral lentiginous
What is the prognosis for melanoma dependent on?
- thickness /=67% survival
- infiltration only into papillary dermal is better
What causes warts? What are the types? Tx?
- HPV: black dots, tender side to side
- Common, Urogenital, Plantar, Flat (koebner)
- Common: topical w/ salicylic acid or cryotherapy
- Anogenital: Trichloracetic acid, aldara
- Flat: Rentin-A
- All: accutane or vit A
What is the difference between corn and callous? Btwn these and warts?
- Corn over bony prominence
- These are tender w/ direct pressure and don’t bleed
What is Molluscum contagiosum? What do they look like?
virus causing flesh pink colored shiny umbillicated papules
How would you describe basal cell carcinoma? How dangerous?
*most common type of skin cancer
noduloulcerative–> pearly or waxy border, “scab that does not heal”, scaly red plaque
-rarely metastasizes
How would you describe squamous cell carcinoma? Where is it most aggressive?
central ulceration, most aggressive in burn sites, chronic infection, and chronic radiodermatitis
