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Clin Med > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the life cycle of a nevus?

A

junctional nevus (flat, brown)–> compound (raised, darker)–> dermal nevus (fibrotic, de-pigmented)

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2
Q

What is the most sensitizing topical antibiotic?

A

neomycin

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3
Q

What types of nevi are there? What conditions are they a/w?

A

atypical- melanoma, blue, halo-vitiligo–>Ab to melanocyte, congenital-melanoma

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4
Q

What is the difference btwn freckles and lentigines?

A

freckles depends on sun-exposure and don’t have melanocyte proliferation

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5
Q

How would you describe a seborrheic keratosis?

A

greasy, “stuck on” appearance, benign

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6
Q

What defines vitiligo? What other diseases should you look for?

A
  • absence of melanocytes-hypopigmentation

- thyroid, DM, pernicious anemia, Addison’s dz

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7
Q

What are therapies for vitiligo?

A

sunscreen, cosmetics, repigmentation, minigrafting, depigmentation

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8
Q

What is leukoderma?

A

-hypopigmentation

acquired white spots, but have melanocytes for repigmentation

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9
Q

What is lichen sclerosus? Tx?

A
  • hypopigmentation
  • vulva pale and shiny
  • clobetasol
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10
Q

What are the hyperpigmentations?

A
  • post-inflammatory–>koebners
  • melasma–> pregnancy
  • acanthosis nigricans–>dark and velvety in skin folds
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11
Q

What are the types of acanthosis nigricans? Tx?

A
  • 5 types (a/w hereditary, diabetes, obesity, drug, adenocarcinoma)
  • tx underlying cause, Retin-A, dermabrasion, abx
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12
Q

What are the erythemas a/w? Txs?

A
  • migrans–> lyme dz…doxycycline
  • nodosum–>pre-tibial…strep infections, drugs, idiopathic, fungus, drugs…underlying
  • marginatum–>RHF
  • multiforme–> target lesions on hands and feet…not much
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13
Q

What are the levels of multiforme? What defines the two worse types?

A
  • minor, intermediate (vestibulocullous), major (SJS), and TEN (max form of SJS)
  • SJS usually drug induced 30% epidermis detached, resembles burn
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14
Q

What is lichen planus? tx?

A
  • violaceous
  • mucosal membranes with reticular pattern
  • 4 Ps: purple, polygonal, pruritic, papules
  • steroids
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15
Q

What are the blistering lesions? What is the etiology for both? Tx?

A
  • pemphigus: Nikolsky’s sign, flaccid, IgG to keratinocyte
  • pemphigoid: tense, erythema
  • etiology: autoimmune
  • tx: steroids, immunosuppressants, wound care, abx
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16
Q

What is a sebaceous cyst? How is this different from a lipoma? From a dermatofibroma?

A
  • wall of true dermis contained in dermis, central punctum
  • lipoma doesn’t get infected
  • dermatofibroma has dimple sign and is button like dermal nodule
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17
Q

What is a pyogenic granuloma? Milium?

A
  • PG: vascular malformation–> blanch w/ pressure (unlike melanoma)
  • Milium: small yellow or white keratin containing epidermal cyst
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18
Q

What are precursor lesions to malignant melanoma? What are the types?

A
  • precursor: lentingo maligna, congenital/dysplastic melanocytic nevi
  • superficial spreading: most common, horizontal growth then vertical= slow growing
  • nodular: arise quickly and grow vertically only
  • others are lentigo maligna and acral lentiginous
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19
Q

What is the prognosis for melanoma dependent on?

A
  • thickness /=67% survival

- infiltration only into papillary dermal is better

20
Q

What causes warts? What are the types? Tx?

A
  • HPV: black dots, tender side to side
  • Common, Urogenital, Plantar, Flat (koebner)
  • Common: topical w/ salicylic acid or cryotherapy
  • Anogenital: Trichloracetic acid, aldara
  • Flat: Rentin-A
  • All: accutane or vit A
21
Q

What is the difference between corn and callous? Btwn these and warts?

A
  • Corn over bony prominence

- These are tender w/ direct pressure and don’t bleed

22
Q

What is Molluscum contagiosum? What do they look like?

A

virus causing flesh pink colored shiny umbillicated papules

23
Q

How would you describe basal cell carcinoma? How dangerous?

*most common type of skin cancer

A

noduloulcerative–> pearly or waxy border, “scab that does not heal”, scaly red plaque
-rarely metastasizes

24
Q

How would you describe squamous cell carcinoma? Where is it most aggressive?

A

central ulceration, most aggressive in burn sites, chronic infection, and chronic radiodermatitis

25
Q

What is a keratoacanthoma?

A

low grade tumor that grows quickly…tx as pre-cancerous

26
Q

What are the 3 components of acne? Tx for topical and systemic?

A
  1. hyperkeratosis
  2. sebum from androgens
  3. P acnes–> lipase= fatty acids
    - Topical: Benzoyl peroxide (abx+keratinolytic), Retin-A (best topical for comedones)
    - Systemic: abx, estrogens, accutane, intralesional steroid
27
Q

How would you describe rosacea? tx?

A

papules and pustules with erythema–> rhinophyma

-similar to acne+anti-flushings

28
Q

What is miliaria? Peri-orbital dermatitis? Hiddradenitis suppurativa?

A
  • Milaria- eccrine glands
  • Peri-orbital- papular eczematous around mouth
  • HS: apocrine
29
Q

What are vesicular disorders? Tx?

A
  • Herpes Simplex (grouped vesicles on erythematous base, Tzanck smear)–> acyclovir, counseling
  • Herpes Zoster (dew drop on rose petal)–> acyclovir, analgesic, corticosteroid, anti-pruritic, drying agent
  • Dyshidrotic eczema- tapioca like vesicles on soles and palms
30
Q

What are the phases of atopic dermatitis? What is the most important factor? Tx?

A

chronic, pruritic, FLEXOR

  • acute–>erythema w/ or w/o scale
  • chronic–> lichenification, fissures, alopecia
  • heredity
  • anti-histamines, corticosteroids, anesthetics, immunomodulating meds
31
Q

What defines nummular eczema?

A

pruritic coin shaped plaques or papulovesicles on erythematous base–>lichenification

32
Q

What causes contact dermatitis? Presentation?

A
  • Rhus genus, nickle, benzocaine

- erythema, pruritic papulovesicles

33
Q

What is lichen simplex chronicus?

A

pruritis–>lichenification d/t inciting factor

34
Q

How would you describe a psoriasis lesion? What causes these plaques to form? Where? a/w? Tx?

A
  • salmon pink papules or plaques with silvery scales
  • cell cycle shortening, EXTENSOR
  • strep, scalp, palmoplantar, pustular, arthritis, inverse
  • tx: topical-moisturizers, coal tar, anthralin (corticosteroids), calcipotriene (dec keratinocyte prolif), tazarotene…..phototherapy….systemic-immunosuppressants, biologics, retinoids
35
Q

What are the defining lesions for pityriasis rosacea? Cause?

A
  • herald patches and christmas tree pattern

- viral

36
Q

What is seborrheic dermatitis aka? Cause?

A

-dandruff caused by yeast

37
Q

What is a description of actinic keratosis?

A

rough like sandpaper lesion–> precancerous

38
Q

What are the types of urticaria?

A

acute, chronic, angioedema, hereditary, physical (dermographism, pressure, solar, heat, cold, cholinergic)

39
Q

How does chronic discoid lupus erythematous present? SLE?

A
  • skin: papules, plaques, scaling, bright red (d/t IgG in junction), mucous membranes, hair
  • butterfly or any other type of lesion
40
Q

What is exfoliative dermatitis vs dermatitis medicamentosa?

A
  • ex- scaling and erythema over large area of body, may be d/t drug but also caner, dermatoses, etc
  • med- abrupt widespread erythema
41
Q

How do decubitus ulcers develop? Best treatment?

A
  • constant pressure on body area (stages)

- prevention via rotation

42
Q

What characterizes the stages of syphilis?

A

1- chancre, painless
2- rash on genitals, feet, hands, and face
3-gumma

43
Q

What causes impetigo? Appearance?

A

staph or strep, honey colored crust–> red sores to blisters to uclers

44
Q

Where/How does cellulitis present? What should you keep in your differential? Etiologies? Tx?

A
  • Dermis + SQ
  • red, central ulceration, papule, abscess, fever, chills, malaise
  • staph (IV drug users), Group A strep, pneumococcus, erysiploid, cat bite
  • DVT, gout, erythema migrans, statis dermatitis, necrotizing fascitis
45
Q

What are the superficial fungal infections?

A

tinea: capitus (inflammatory black dot v gray patch and non-inflammatory), corporis (annular–> peripheral enlargement w/ central clearing), cruris (jock, scrotum spared), mannum, pedis, unguium

46
Q

How would you describe candidiasis lesions?

A

-erythematous, macerated patches with satellite lesions

Clin Med (4 decks)

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