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Dermatology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Acne

Pathogenic features

A

Follicular hyperkeratinization

P. acnes colonization of sebaceous follicle

Inflammation

Increased sebum production

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2
Q

Acne

Subtypes Non-inflammatory

A

Open comedones – blackheads

Closed comedones – whiteheads

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3
Q

Acne

Subtypes Inflammatory (3)

A

Pustules – pus with inflammation

Papule – pustules without pus

Nodules – large/deep inflammatory lesions

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4
Q

Acne

Treatment (5) and their MOA

A
  • Benzoyl peroxide – normalize follicular desquamation, reduce inflammatory response, reduce P. acnes
  • Topical retinoids – normalize follicular desquamation and reduces the inflammatory response
  • Topical antibiotics – reduce inflammatory response and reduce P. acnes
  • Hormonal therapy – oral contraceptives and anti-androgens
  • Isotretinoin (most potent) – normalize follicular desquamation, reduce inflammatory response, reduce P. acnes, and reduces sebum production
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5
Q

Rosacea

A

a common skin condition that causes redness and visible blood vessels in your face. It may also produce small, red, pus-filled bumps.

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6
Q

Hidradenitis suppurativa – “acne inversa”

A
  • Hidradenitis suppurativa – “acne inversa” – acne in armpits, groin, under breast, around apocrine glands
    • Treatment (antibiotics)
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7
Q

Urticaria

onset, lesion, disease course, histopathology, patho, treatment?

A
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8
Q

Eczema

onset, lesion, disease course, histopathology, patho, treatment?

A
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9
Q

Acute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (ACLE) – accompanied with SLE

A

Photosensitive

Does not scar

Malar/butterfly rash

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10
Q

Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (SCLE)

A

Photosensitive

Does not scar

Annular plaques (red ring with scale following behind it)

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11
Q

Discoid Lupus

A

Photosensitive

Scarring

Annular scaly plaques – outer edge is really dark and center collapses and atrophies

May cause alopecia

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12
Q

Dermatomyositis

A
  • Photosensitive
  • Heliotrope sign – rashes around the eyes
  • Gottron papules – papules on the knuckles or elbows
  • Shawl Sign – pink plaque on upper back
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13
Q

Dermatomyositis

sytemic associations

A
  • Pulmonary fibrosis – interstitial lung disease, mechanic’s hands, anti-Jo1 antibodies, Raynaud’s phenomenon (also called anti-synthetase syndrome)
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14
Q

Porphyrias

A

Excess hair growth in sun exposed areas with blistering and pigmentation

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15
Q

Scleroderma

main syptoms?

A

Sclerodactyly – thickening/hardening of the skin due to excess collagen production

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16
Q

Scleroderma subtypes?

A

diffuse, limited, and localized

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17
Q

Diffuse scleroderma

A

Starts at finger with Raynaud’s phenomenon

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18
Q

Limited Systemic Sclerosis

A

CREST syndrome – calcinosis cutis, raynaud’s phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia (aka periungal erythema)

Does not progress past elbows and knees

Involves the face

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19
Q

Localized Systemic Sclerosis – also called Morphea

A

Random sclerotic plaques around the body

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20
Q

Purpura

name 4 types

A
  • Extravasated blood under skin that does not blanch
    • Petechiae – small
    • Ecchymoses – large
  • Non-palpable = macules
  • Palpable = papules (associated with small vessel vasculitis)
    • Inflammatory
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21
Q

Small vessel vasculitis

A

Palpable purpura

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22
Q

Medium vessel vasculitis

A

Stellate (star) purpuric plaques, nodules, ulcers, necrosis

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23
Q

Large vessel vasculitis

A

No skin findings

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24
Q

Neuropathic Ulcers

A

Most common in diabetics

Occur over pressure points

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25
Pyoderma Gangrenosum what should it not be mistaken for?
* Begins as a pustule/cribriform and gets bigger over days (NF gets bigger over hours) * No systemic illness or pain (NF patients will be septic and tachycardic and feel unwell) * Avoid debridement (NF requires debridement)
26
Delusions of Parasitosis
* Self-inflicted ulcers due to attempt to eradicate “parasites” * Only in areas the patient can reach – patients have large gap on back where they can not scratch
27
Acanthosis nigricans
* Hyperpigmented velvety plaques in skin * Commonly associated with insulin resistance (diabetes)
28
Cushing’s Syndrome
* Elevated cortisol levels, long-term corticosteroid treatment * Swelling of face and dorsocervical fat pad
29
Sarcoidosis
* Not erythema nodosum – painful red nodules * Can be associated with many diseases including pregnancy, IBD, TB, malignancy, medications, and other autoimmune diseases
30
malar rash - ACLE
31
SCLE
32
discoid lupus
33
Dermatomyositis
34
Dermatomyositis
35
Porphyrias
36
Scleroderma
37
purpura
38
SVV
39
Neuropathic Ulcers
40
Pyoderma Gangrenosum
41
Delusions of Parasitosis
42
Acanthosis nigricans
43
Cushing Syndrome
44
Scabies Clinical, etiology, management?
Clinical:Itchy linear eczematic rash that spares face and head Etiology: Mite, eggs, or feces – manifests 2-6 weeks after due to burrowing Management:Pemethrin
45
Bed bugs Clinical, etiology, management?
Clinical: * Itchy pink bumps resembling mosquito bites * Breakfast, lunch, and dinner linear appearance Etiology: Cimex lectularius – live in dark areas close to bed Management:Pemethrin
46
head lice Clinical, etiology, management?
Clinical: Itchiness on scalp Etiology: Pediculosis capitis – females live for 30 days and lay 5-10 eggs in lifetime Management:Pemethrin
47
Cutaneous Larva Migrans Clinical, etiology, management?
Clinical: Intense itch with serpent-like tract (distal lower extremities and buttocks) Etiology: Animal hookworms – humans are not the intended host Management:Wait and watch
48
scabies
49
bed bugs
50
head lice
51
cutaneous larva migrans
52
For impetigo, what is/are the: * Clinical Features? * Etiology? * Management?
Clin: Honey-colored crust, sometimes with flaccid bullae (bullous impetigo) Etiology: Staphylococal and Streptococcal Management: Topical ABX
53
For folliculitis, what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology?
Clinical Features: Small-white headed pimple around hair follicles Etiology: Staphylococal and Streptococcal
54
For abscess, what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology? Management?
**Clinical Features:** Collection of pus in the dermis and subcutis Erythematous base with tenderness **Etiology** Staphylococal and Streptococcal **Management** Incision and drainage
55
For furuncle, what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology? Management?
Clinical Features: Abscess involving a hair follicle Etiology: Staphylococal and Streptococcal Management: Incision and drainage
56
For curbuncle, what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology? Management?
Clinical Features: Multiple continuous furuncles Etiology: Staphylococal and Streptococcal Management: Incision and drainage
57
For cellulitis, what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology? Management?
Clinical: Unilateral, erythematous, large, with swelling Etiology: Staphylococal and Streptococcal Management: ABX
58
For anthrax, what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology? Management?
Clinical: Black, painless necrotic eschar (scab) Etiology: Bacillus anthracis Management Doxycycline
59
For meningiococcemia, what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology? Management?
Clin: Petechial eruption, purura Etiology: Neisseria meningitisis Treatment: IV penicillin
60
For pseduomonal infectios, what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology?
Clin: Infection due to skin barrier disruption + moisture \*Green nails and pus-filled ears Etiology: Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
61
For cat scratch disease, what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology?
Clin: History of cat bite and lymphadenopathy with flu like symptoms Etiology: Bartonella henslae
62
For plague, what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology? Management?
Clin: History of travel with lymphadenopathy (bubonic), purpura (septicemic), and lung infiltration (pneumonic) Etiology: Yersina Pestis Treatment: ABX
63
For erythema migrans (AKA Lyme), what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology? Management?
Clin: Annular targetoid erythematous patch Etiology: Borrelia burgdorferi Tx: Doxycycline
64
For Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology? Management?
Clin: Petichiae dots all over with systemic symptoms Etiology: Rickettsia rickettsia Tx: Doxycycline
65
For Syphilis, what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology? Management?
Clin: Pink plaques on gentials etiology: Treponema pallidum Management: Penicillin
66
For Tinea, what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology? Management?
Clin: Annular plaques with scale following behind red line Etiology: Dermatophytes (consume keratin) Tx: KOH Prep with fungicidals (azoles)
67
For Candida Intertrigo, what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology? Management?
Clin: Beefy-red non-annular rash with satellite sites on groin/breasts Etiology: Candida albicans Tx: Fungicidals (azoles)
68
For Herpes simplex, what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology? Management?
Clin: Grouped vesicles with erythematous base Etiology: HSV1/2 Management: Antivirals (acyclovir)
69
For Varicella Zoster, what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology? Management?
Clin: Varicella – dewdrops on a rose petal Zoster – reactivation in adults along dermatomes (shingles) Etiology: HHV3 Tx: Antivirals (Acycyclovir)
70
For Human Papilloma Virus, what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology? Management?
Clin: Gential warts Etiology: HPV Management: Local destruction and HPV vaccine
71
For Molluscum Contagiosum, what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology?
Clin: firm, umbilicated pustules Etiology: Poxvirus
72
Molluscum Contagiosum
73
Human Papilloma Virus
74
Varicella Zoster
75
Herpes Simplex
76
Candida Intertrigo
77
Tinea
78
Syphilis
79
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
80
Erythema Migrans - Lyme Disease
81
Sorry about the names being on there. But it is what it is.
Yeah, you know what it is. Plague.
82
Cat Scratch Disease
83
Our all time favorite
PUSSY EARS from Pseudomonal Infections!
84
Meningococcemia
85
Anthrax
86
Cellulitis
87
Curbuncle
88
Furuncle
89
Abscess
90
Folliculitis
91
Impetigo
100
Onycholysis
101
Onychomycosis
102
Paryonchyia
103
Tinea Capitis
104
Female andrognetic alopecia
105
Male androgenetic alopecia
106
Alopecia areata
119
What is the life cycle of hair (3 steps)? What are the time periods for each?
Life Cycle of Hair * Determines hair length * Anagen: (lasts 3-7 years) * Determines the transition from one hair to the next (4 months) * Catagen: 3 weeks * Telogen: 3 months
120
For Telogen Effluvium, what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology?
Clin: Sudde, diffuse loss of hair Etiology: Due to a stressor present 3-4 months prior
121
For Alopecia areata, what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology?
Clin: Localized hair loss with empty follicles on scalp Exclamation hairs: thin at base Etiology: automimmune disease
122
For Androgenetic alopecia, what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology?
Clin: Males: diffuse alopecia and receding hairline Females: diffuse alopecia Etiology: loss of hormones from aging
123
For tinea capitis, what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology?
Clin: loss of hair with scale in children primarily Etiology: Tinea - fungle spores that weaken shaft
124
For paryonchyia, what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology?
Clin: Acute inflammatory abscess full of pus on sides of nail (nail folds) Etiology: bacterial infection
125
For onychomycoisis, what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology?
Clin: Yellowing of nail plate \*\*Different from psoriasis because of system symptoms (i.e. skin) Etiology: tinea on nails
126
For onycholysis, what is/are the: Clinical Features? Etiology?
Clin: Nail plate separation due to inflammation of nail bed Pitting: rivets and roughening of nail bed Etioloy: Psoriasis

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