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MSDR > Dermatology 2 > Flashcards

Dermatology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Acne

Pathogenic features

A

Follicular hyperkeratinization

P. acnes colonization of sebaceous follicle

Inflammation

Increased sebum production

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2
Q

Acne

Subtypes Non-inflammatory

A

Open comedones – blackheads

Closed comedones – whiteheads

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3
Q

Acne

Subtypes Inflammatory (3)

A

Pustules – pus with inflammation

Papule – pustules without pus

Nodules – large/deep inflammatory lesions

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4
Q

Acne

Treatment (5) and their MOA

A
  • Benzoyl peroxide – normalize follicular desquamation, reduce inflammatory response, reduce P. acnes
  • Topical retinoids – normalize follicular desquamation and reduces the inflammatory response
  • Topical antibiotics – reduce inflammatory response and reduce P. acnes
  • Hormonal therapy – oral contraceptives and anti-androgens
  • Isotretinoin (most potent) – normalize follicular desquamation, reduce inflammatory response, reduce P. acnes, and reduces sebum production
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5
Q

Rosacea

A

a common skin condition that causes redness and visible blood vessels in your face. It may also produce small, red, pus-filled bumps.

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6
Q

Hidradenitis suppurativa – “acne inversa”

A
  • Hidradenitis suppurativa – “acne inversa” – acne in armpits, groin, under breast, around apocrine glands
    • Treatment (antibiotics)
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7
Q

Urticaria

onset, lesion, disease course, histopathology, patho, treatment?

A
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8
Q

Eczema

onset, lesion, disease course, histopathology, patho, treatment?

A
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9
Q

Acute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (ACLE) – accompanied with SLE

A

Photosensitive

Does not scar

Malar/butterfly rash

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10
Q

Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (SCLE)

A

Photosensitive

Does not scar

Annular plaques (red ring with scale following behind it)

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11
Q

Discoid Lupus

A

Photosensitive

Scarring

Annular scaly plaques – outer edge is really dark and center collapses and atrophies

May cause alopecia

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12
Q

Dermatomyositis

A
  • Photosensitive
  • Heliotrope sign – rashes around the eyes
  • Gottron papules – papules on the knuckles or elbows
  • Shawl Sign – pink plaque on upper back
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13
Q

Dermatomyositis

sytemic associations

A
  • Pulmonary fibrosis – interstitial lung disease, mechanic’s hands, anti-Jo1 antibodies, Raynaud’s phenomenon (also called anti-synthetase syndrome)
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14
Q

Porphyrias

A

Excess hair growth in sun exposed areas with blistering and pigmentation

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15
Q

Scleroderma

main syptoms?

A

Sclerodactyly – thickening/hardening of the skin due to excess collagen production

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16
Q

Scleroderma subtypes?

A

diffuse, limited, and localized

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17
Q

Diffuse scleroderma

A

Starts at finger with Raynaud’s phenomenon

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18
Q

Limited Systemic Sclerosis

A

CREST syndrome – calcinosis cutis, raynaud’s phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia (aka periungal erythema)

Does not progress past elbows and knees

Involves the face

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19
Q

Localized Systemic Sclerosis – also called Morphea

A

Random sclerotic plaques around the body

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20
Q

Purpura

name 4 types

A
  • Extravasated blood under skin that does not blanch
    • Petechiae – small
    • Ecchymoses – large
  • Non-palpable = macules
  • Palpable = papules (associated with small vessel vasculitis)
    • Inflammatory
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21
Q

Small vessel vasculitis

A

Palpable purpura

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22
Q

Medium vessel vasculitis

A

Stellate (star) purpuric plaques, nodules, ulcers, necrosis

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23
Q

Large vessel vasculitis

A

No skin findings

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24
Q

Neuropathic Ulcers

A

Most common in diabetics

Occur over pressure points

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25
Q

Pyoderma Gangrenosum

what should it not be mistaken for?

A
  • Begins as a pustule/cribriform and gets bigger over days (NF gets bigger over hours)
  • No systemic illness or pain (NF patients will be septic and tachycardic and feel unwell)
  • Avoid debridement (NF requires debridement)
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26
Q

Delusions of Parasitosis

A
  • Self-inflicted ulcers due to attempt to eradicate “parasites”
  • Only in areas the patient can reach – patients have large gap on back where they can not scratch
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27
Q

Acanthosis nigricans

A
  • Hyperpigmented velvety plaques in skin
  • Commonly associated with insulin resistance (diabetes)
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28
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome

A
  • Elevated cortisol levels, long-term corticosteroid treatment
  • Swelling of face and dorsocervical fat pad
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29
Q

Sarcoidosis

A
  • Not erythema nodosum – painful red nodules
  • Can be associated with many diseases including pregnancy, IBD, TB, malignancy, medications, and other autoimmune diseases
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30
Q
A

malar rash - ACLE

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31
Q
A

SCLE

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32
Q
A

discoid lupus

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33
Q
A

Dermatomyositis

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34
Q
A

Dermatomyositis

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35
Q
A

Porphyrias

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36
Q
A

Scleroderma

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37
Q
A

purpura

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38
Q
A

SVV

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39
Q
A

Neuropathic Ulcers

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40
Q
A

Pyoderma Gangrenosum

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41
Q
A

Delusions of Parasitosis

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42
Q
A

Acanthosis nigricans

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43
Q
A

Cushing Syndrome

44
Q

Scabies

Clinical, etiology, management?

A

Clinical:Itchy linear eczematic rash that spares face and head

Etiology: Mite, eggs, or feces – manifests 2-6 weeks after due to burrowing

Management:Pemethrin

45
Q

Bed bugs

Clinical, etiology, management?

A

Clinical:

  • Itchy pink bumps resembling mosquito bites
  • Breakfast, lunch, and dinner linear appearance

Etiology: Cimex lectularius – live in dark areas close to bed

Management:Pemethrin

46
Q

head lice

Clinical, etiology, management?

A

Clinical: Itchiness on scalp

Etiology: Pediculosis capitis – females live for 30 days and lay 5-10 eggs in lifetime

Management:Pemethrin

47
Q

Cutaneous Larva Migrans

Clinical, etiology, management?

A

Clinical: Intense itch with serpent-like tract (distal lower extremities and buttocks)

Etiology: Animal hookworms – humans are not the intended host

Management:Wait and watch

48
Q
A

scabies

49
Q
A

bed bugs

50
Q
A

head lice

51
Q
A

cutaneous larva migrans

52
Q

For impetigo, what is/are the:

  • Clinical Features?
  • Etiology?
  • Management?
A

Clin: Honey-colored crust, sometimes with flaccid bullae (bullous impetigo)

Etiology: Staphylococal and Streptococcal

Management: Topical ABX

53
Q

For folliculitis, what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

A

Clinical Features: Small-white headed pimple around hair follicles

Etiology: Staphylococal and Streptococcal

54
Q

For abscess, what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

Management?

A

Clinical Features:

Collection of pus in the dermis and subcutis

Erythematous base with tenderness

Etiology

Staphylococal and Streptococcal

Management

Incision and drainage

55
Q

For furuncle, what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

Management?

A

Clinical Features: Abscess involving a hair follicle

Etiology: Staphylococal and Streptococcal

Management: Incision and drainage

56
Q

For curbuncle, what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

Management?

A

Clinical Features: Multiple continuous furuncles

Etiology: Staphylococal and Streptococcal

Management: Incision and drainage

57
Q

For cellulitis, what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

Management?

A

Clinical: Unilateral, erythematous, large, with swelling

Etiology: Staphylococal and Streptococcal

Management: ABX

58
Q

For anthrax, what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

Management?

A

Clinical: Black, painless necrotic eschar (scab)

Etiology: Bacillus anthracis

Management Doxycycline

59
Q

For meningiococcemia, what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

Management?

A

Clin: Petechial eruption, purura

Etiology: Neisseria meningitisis
Treatment: IV penicillin

60
Q

For pseduomonal infectios, what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

A

Clin: Infection due to skin barrier disruption + moisture *Green nails and pus-filled ears

Etiology: Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

61
Q

For cat scratch disease, what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

A

Clin: History of cat bite and lymphadenopathy with flu like symptoms

Etiology: Bartonella henslae

62
Q

For plague, what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

Management?

A

Clin: History of travel with lymphadenopathy (bubonic), purpura (septicemic), and lung infiltration (pneumonic)

Etiology: Yersina Pestis

Treatment: ABX

63
Q

For erythema migrans (AKA Lyme), what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

Management?

A

Clin: Annular targetoid erythematous patch

Etiology: Borrelia burgdorferi

Tx: Doxycycline

64
Q

For Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

Management?

A

Clin: Petichiae dots all over with systemic symptoms

Etiology: Rickettsia rickettsia

Tx: Doxycycline

65
Q

For Syphilis, what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

Management?

A

Clin: Pink plaques on gentials

etiology: Treponema pallidum

Management: Penicillin

66
Q

For Tinea, what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

Management?

A

Clin: Annular plaques with scale following behind red line

Etiology: Dermatophytes (consume keratin)

Tx: KOH Prep with fungicidals (azoles)

67
Q

For Candida Intertrigo, what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

Management?

A

Clin: Beefy-red non-annular rash with satellite sites on groin/breasts

Etiology: Candida albicans

Tx: Fungicidals (azoles)

68
Q

For Herpes simplex, what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

Management?

A

Clin: Grouped vesicles with erythematous base

Etiology: HSV1/2

Management: Antivirals (acyclovir)

69
Q

For Varicella Zoster, what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

Management?

A

Clin:

Varicella – dewdrops on a rose petal

Zoster – reactivation in adults along dermatomes (shingles)

Etiology: HHV3

Tx: Antivirals (Acycyclovir)

70
Q

For Human Papilloma Virus, what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

Management?

A

Clin: Gential warts

Etiology: HPV

Management: Local destruction and HPV vaccine

71
Q

For Molluscum Contagiosum, what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

A

Clin: firm, umbilicated pustules

Etiology: Poxvirus

72
Q
A

Molluscum Contagiosum

73
Q
A

Human Papilloma Virus

74
Q
A

Varicella Zoster

75
Q
A

Herpes Simplex

76
Q
A

Candida Intertrigo

77
Q
A

Tinea

78
Q
A

Syphilis

79
Q
A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

80
Q
A

Erythema Migrans - Lyme Disease

81
Q

Sorry about the names being on there. But it is what it is.

A

Yeah, you know what it is. Plague.

82
Q
A

Cat Scratch Disease

83
Q

Our all time favorite

A

PUSSY EARS from Pseudomonal Infections!

84
Q
A

Meningococcemia

85
Q
A

Anthrax

86
Q
A

Cellulitis

87
Q
A

Curbuncle

88
Q
A

Furuncle

89
Q
A

Abscess

90
Q

Folliculitis

A
91
Q
A

Impetigo

100
Q
A

Onycholysis

101
Q
A

Onychomycosis

102
Q
A

Paryonchyia

103
Q
A

Tinea Capitis

104
Q
A

Female andrognetic alopecia

105
Q
A

Male androgenetic alopecia

106
Q
A

Alopecia areata

119
Q

What is the life cycle of hair (3 steps)? What are the time periods for each?

A

Life Cycle of Hair

  • Determines hair length
    • Anagen: (lasts 3-7 years)
  • Determines the transition from one hair to the next (4 months)
    • Catagen: 3 weeks
    • Telogen: 3 months
120
Q

For Telogen Effluvium, what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

A

Clin: Sudde, diffuse loss of hair

Etiology: Due to a stressor present 3-4 months prior

121
Q

For Alopecia areata, what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

A

Clin: Localized hair loss with empty follicles on scalp

Exclamation hairs: thin at base

Etiology: automimmune disease

122
Q

For Androgenetic alopecia, what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

A

Clin:

Males: diffuse alopecia and receding hairline

Females: diffuse alopecia

Etiology: loss of hormones from aging

123
Q

For tinea capitis, what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

A

Clin: loss of hair with scale in children primarily

Etiology: Tinea - fungle spores that weaken shaft

124
Q

For paryonchyia, what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

A

Clin: Acute inflammatory abscess full of pus on sides of nail (nail folds)

Etiology: bacterial infection

125
Q

For onychomycoisis, what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

A

Clin:

Yellowing of nail plate

**Different from psoriasis because of system symptoms (i.e. skin)

Etiology: tinea on nails

126
Q

For onycholysis, what is/are the:

Clinical Features?

Etiology?

A

Clin:

Nail plate separation due to inflammation of nail bed

Pitting: rivets and roughening of nail bed

Etioloy: Psoriasis

MSDR (7 decks)

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