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RC Study Goals > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
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Battle Sign
BattlE > Behind the Ear

Ecchymosis over the mastoid bone > Signifies basal skull fracture
Also look for Raccoon sign (periorbital ecchymosis), CSF leak from ears, hemotypanum (bruising or blood around the tympanic membrane)

IF PRESENT DO NOT PLACE A NASAL TUBE

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2
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Purpura fulminans = protein C deficiency
Organisms: N meningitidis, strep pneumo, GAS, GBS; less commonly H flu, staph aureus, malaria

Treatment: Hydrocort stress dose – 50 mg/m2, then 100 mg/m2/day div TID or QID early in course of illness to prevent shock

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3
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Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP)

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4
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Erythema Marginatum (rheumatic fever)

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5
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Hypoglycemia associated with hyperinsulinemia is also seen in approximately 50% of patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (see Chapter 576). This syndrome is caused by an imprinting disorder (see Chapter 98.8) and characterized by omphalocele, gigantism, macroglossia, microcephaly, and visceromegaly (Fig. 111.4). Distinctive lateral earlobe fissures and facial nevus flammeus are present; hemihypertrophy occurs in many of these infants

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6
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Williams Syndrome
“Elfish” appearance
Chromosome 7

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7
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Port Wine Stain-Associated Syndromes:
Sturge-Weber syndrome (will involve the eye)
Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome
Parkes Weber syndrome
Capillary malformation–arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM) syndrome
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
Von Hippel–Lindau disease
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
Coat disease
CLOVES: Congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal nevi, and scoliosis/skeletal and spinal anomalies.

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8
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Port Wine Stain-Associated Syndromes:
Sturge-Weber syndrome (will involve the eye)
Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome
Parkes Weber syndrome
Capillary malformation–arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM) syndrome
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
Von Hippel–Lindau disease
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
Coat disease
CLOVES: Congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal nevi, and scoliosis/skeletal and spinal anomalies.

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9
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Port Wine Stain-Associated Syndromes:
Sturge-Weber syndrome (will involve the eye)
Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome
Parkes Weber syndrome
Capillary malformation–arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM) syndrome
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
Von Hippel–Lindau disease
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
Coat disease
CLOVES: Congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal nevi, and scoliosis/skeletal and spinal anomalies.

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10
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Incontinentia pigmenti

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11
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Noonan’s syndrome

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12
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CHARGE- characteristic cup shaped ear

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13
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Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
Polyps are primarily found in the small intestine but may also be colonic or gastric; lesions can fade by puberty or adulthood. Increased risk of cancers; (GI & extraintestinal- colorectal, breast, reproductive tumors)

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14
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Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome - Melanosis on lips

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15
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Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome - Melanosis on oral mucosa

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16
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Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome - Melanosis on Fingers

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17
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Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

A

histologically proven hamartomatous polyps plus 2 of 3
- family hx with AD pattern-only 50% of px have affected family member suggesting high rate of spontaneous mutation
- mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation
- small bowel polyposis)

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18
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Target sign = intussusception

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19
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G-tube granulation

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20
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G-tube skin infection

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21
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G-tube yeast infection

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22
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Erythema toxicum
- Benign, 50% of term infants
- Firm, yellow/white papules or pustules with surround erythematous flare. Can be only splotchy erythema. Spares palms and soles.
- Intralesional content = eosinophilic.

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23
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Erythema toxicum DDx

A

pyoderma, candida, HSV, transient neonatal pustular melanosis, miliaria

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24
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Transient Neonatal Pustular Melanosis

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25
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Transient Neonatal Pustular Melanosis

A

Benign, present at birth, more common in African>Caucasian, not eosinophilic

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26
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Miliaria - Blocked sweat ducts, warm climates

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27
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Tuberous Sclerosis - “Shagreen patch”- aka orange peel lesion

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28
Q

Tuberous Sclerosis Major Criteria

A
  1. Cortical dysplasias (including tubers and cerebral white matter migration lines)
  2. Subependymal nodules
  3. Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
  4. Facial angiofibromas (≥3) or forehead plaque
  5. Ungual fibromas (≥2)
  6. Hypomelanotic macules (≥3, ≥5 mm in diameter)
  7. Shagreen patch
  8. Multiple retinal nodular hamartomas
  9. Cardiac rhabdomyoma
    10.Renal angiomyolipoma
  10. Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis
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29
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Tuberous Sclerosis Minor Criteria

A
  1. Dental enamel pits (>3)
  2. Intraoral fibromas (≥2)
  3. Retinal achromic patch
  4. Confetti skin lesions
  5. Nonrenal hamartomas
  6. Multiple renal cysts
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30
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A

Sturge-Weber

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31
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Sturge Weber Triad

A
  1. capillary malformation (port wine stain or nevus flammeus)
  2. an ipsilateral vascular anomaly in the brain (leptomeningeal hemangioma)
  3. ocular hemangioma

Can also present with glaucoma as an ocular manifestation

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32
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Tay-Sachs: eye cherry red spot

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33
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Tay Sachs

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presents in Infancy, myoclonus, seizures, spasticity, progressive unresponsiveness, developmental regression

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34
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Abusive head trauma: multilayered (preretinal, intraretinal, and subretinal) retinal hemorrhages

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35
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A

Retinopathy of prematurity

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36
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Retinopathy of prematurity

A
  1. arteriovenous shunts
  2. neovascularization
  3. microvascular changes (tufting & attenuation of capillaries around arteries and veins)
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37
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Diabetic retinopathy

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38
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Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

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39
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Scurvy - Scorbutic Rosary

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40
Q

Rickets Stigmata

A
  1. Delayed fontanelle closure
  2. Wide sutures
  3. Craniotabes
  4. Frontal bossing
  5. Dental hypoplasia
  6. Pectus Carinatum
  7. Rachitic Rosary
  8. Swelling in wrist and ankle joint
  9. Harrison’s sulcus
  10. Bowing of legs
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41
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A

Acrodermatitis enteropathica

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42
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Acrodermatitis enteropathica

43
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Acrodermatitis enteropathica

A

autosomal recessive (of mutations in the SLC39A4 gene) zinc deficiency that manifests in infancy

44
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Acrodermatitis enteropathica (Triad)

A

dermatitis, alopecia and diarrhea

45
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Acrodermatitis enteropathica (7 Features)

A
  1. alopecia
  2. diarrhea
  3. ophthalmic disorders (including corneal scarring, cataract formation, retinal degeneration, and optic atrophy)
  4. severe growth retardation
  5. delayed sexual maturation
  6. neuropsychiatric manifestations
  7. frequent infections
46
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Acrodermatitis enteropathica management

A

oral supplementation of zinc

47
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Ash Leaf Spot - Tuberous Sclerosis

48
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Lichen sclerosis

49
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Vulvar psoriasis

50
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Candida vulvovaginitis

51
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Dentinogenesis imperfecta aka hereditary opalescent dentin

52
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Dental fluorosis

53
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Dental caries

54
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Vitamin D dependent rickets

55
Q

“fistula at the periapical region of primary maxillary left lateral incisor”

A

Vitamin D dependent rickets

56
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Vitamin C deficiency - swollen bleeding gums

57
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Vitamin C deficiency - perifollicular petechiae

58
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A

Zika Virus

59
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Zika Virus (Occular Anomalies)

A
  1. Chorioretinal atrophy or scarring
  2. Focal pigmentary mottling of retina
  3. Optic nerve atrophy
  4. Microphthalmia, cataracts, intraocular calcifications
60
Q

Zika Virus (Congenital Constructers)

A
  1. Arthrogryposis
  2. Club foot
  3. Congenital hip dislocation
61
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A

Ankle xanthomas - familial hypercholesterolemia

62
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Ankle xanthomas

A

thickening of the Achilles tendon; often bilateral and painless; can become painful as it grows

63
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Osgood Schlatters

65
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Bronchogenic cyst

66
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Zika Virus - microcephaly

67
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Congenital lobar emphysema

68
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69
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Scabies Treatment

A

Sulphur - safe for young children and pregnant women
5% permethrin if > 2 months old

70
Q

Violaceous, sharply demarcated, polygonal papule with fine white scale/lines

A

Lichen Planus

71
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A

Plaque psoriasis

72
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A

Tinea corporis

73
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A

Tinea corporis

74
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A

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

75
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Shagreen patches - Tuberous sclerosis

76
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A

Shagreen patches - Tuberous sclerosis

77
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A

Shagreen patches - Tuberous sclerosis

78
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A

Pityriasis rosea

79
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80
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81
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A

Seborrheic dermatitis

82
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83
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A

Tinea Corporis

84
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A

Pityriasis Versicolor

85
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87
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Erythema multiforme

88
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A

Trichotillomania

89
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90
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A

Staph scalded skin

91
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A

Seborrheic dermatitis

92
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A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

93
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94
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A

Acrodermatitis enteropathica

95
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A

Acrodermatitis enteropathica

96
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A

Subcutaneous fat necrosis

97
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A

Subcutaneous fat necrosis

98
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A

Trisomy 21

99
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A

Trisomy 13

100
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A

Turner Syndrome

101
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A

Trisomy 18

102
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A

Erythema toxicum

103
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A

Erythema toxicum

RC Study Goals (4 decks)

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