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13-19-18-1 > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

State 5 causes of Acanthosis nigricans?

A

T2DM
GI cancer
Obesity
PCOS
Acromegaly
Cushing’s disease
Hypothyroidism
Familial
Iatrogenic - COCP/Nicotinic acid

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2
Q

A symmetrical brown lesion with velvety plaques is seen on the neck/axilla/groin. What is this?

A

Acanthosis nigricans

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3
Q

What is the treatment for severe acne vulgaris?

A

Oral retinoids

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4
Q

What is the steroid ladder for eczema?

A

Hydrocortisone < Eumovate (clobetasone) < Betnovate (Betamethasone) < Dermovate (clobetasol)

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5
Q

What is the most common bacterial infection in Eczema?

A

S Aureus

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6
Q

What is eczema herpeticum?

What causes it?

How is it managed?

A

Disseminated viral infection with fever and clustered itchy blisters

on b/g eczema

HSV-1

Antivirals

Tx secondary bacterial skin infection with ABX

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7
Q

What are the side effects of isotretinoin?

A

Photosensitivity
Teratogenic
Low mood
Raised TG
Intracranial hypertension
Dry skin

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8
Q

Small raised papules on trunk and limbs secondary to throat infection is?

A

Guttate psoriasis

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9
Q

What is Auspitz sign?

A

Bleeding when scraped off

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10
Q

What is Koebner phenomenon?

A

Psoriatic lesions following trauma

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11
Q

What is the management of Psoriasis?

A

Topical steroids + Vitamin D analogue >
Vitamin D analogue >
Coal tar OR potent corticosteroid

Phototherapy

Immunosuppression

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12
Q

When may you use coal tar for Psoriasis?

A

Scalp
Plaque-type

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13
Q

Which bacteria causes acne?

A

Propionibacterium acnes

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14
Q

What is the treatment ladder for Acne?

A

Topical BPO < Topical retinoids < Topical ABX < PO ABX < PO Retinoids

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15
Q

What are the side effects of Isotretinoin?

A

Dry skin
Photosensitivity
Suicidal ideation
Teratogenic

SJS/TEN

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16
Q

What type of rash is a measles rash?

A

Macular rash
Koplik spots

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17
Q

What are Koplik spots?

A

Grey/white spots on buccal mucosa - 2 days post fever

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18
Q

What is the isolation period for measles?

A

4 days

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19
Q

What are the features of Scarlet fever?

A

Sandpaper rash, odynophagia, strawberry tongue, cervical lymphadenopathy

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20
Q

How long should children be off school?

A

24 hours after starting ABX

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21
Q

What is the treatment for Scarlet fever?

A

Penicillin V

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22
Q

What pathogen causes Scarlet fever?

A

GAS e.g. S pyogenes

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23
Q

What does congenital rubella syndrome involve?

A

Deafness
Blindness
Heart disease

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24
Q

How long should children stay off school if rubella?

A

5 days after rash appears

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25
Q

How long should children stay off school with Parvovirus B19?

A

Once rash developed, no need to stay off work

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26
Q

What tests may you wish to do in an immunocompromised patient/pregnant patient/haematological patient with Parvovirus B19?

A

Serology testing

FBC and reticulocyte count

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27
Q

What causes roseola infantum?

A

HHV-6

28
Q

What type of lesion characterises erythema multiforme?

A

Target lesions

29
Q

What infective causes of erythema multiforme exist?

A

M pneumoniae
HSV

30
Q

What is the treatment of urticaria?

A

Antihistamine
+/- short steroid course

31
Q

Which pathogen causes Chicken pox?

A

VZV

32
Q

When should VZV Ig be given in pregnancy?

A

Contact but not immunised

33
Q

If a pregnant woman has chicken pox, what is the treatment?

A

Aciclovir

34
Q

When is a patient no longer contagious with chickenpox?

A

When the lesions have crusted over

35
Q

What are the features of foetal varicella syndrome?

A

Skin scarring
Microphthalmia
Limb hypoplasia
Microcephaly
Learning disabilities

36
Q

What pathogen causes Hand, foot and mouth disease?

A

Coxsackie A virus

37
Q

A child presents with small, flesh-coloured paples with a central dimple.

Which skin infection is this?

Which virus causes it?

A

Molluscum contagiosum

Molluscum contagiosum virus

38
Q

Which pathogen causes pityriasis rosea?

A

HHV-6/HHV-7

39
Q

A patch develops on the abdomen with a faint red/pink, oval-shaped lesion then spreads to widespread faint oval shaped lesions.

A

Pityriasis Rosea

40
Q

What is the treatment for pityriasis rosea?

A

Conservative

41
Q

What is the management for seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Anti-fungal

Melassezia yeast infection..

42
Q

What is the management of ringworm?

A

Anti-fungal cream / treatment

43
Q

What is tinea incognito?

A

Steroids incorrectly used to treat fungal infection then fungus returns worse cf previously

44
Q

How do you treat nappy rash?

A

Supportive

Tx infection with anti-microbial if needed

45
Q

A patient presents with small, red, blotchy spots and track marks.

What is your ddx?

How do you treat?

A

Scabies

Permethrin

46
Q

A patient presents with scalp itching and visible lice.
What is your ddx?

What is your Tx?

A

Headlice

Dimeticone lotion and comb out

47
Q

How would you describe erythema nodosum?

A

Red lumps caused by inflammation of the subcutaneous fat.

Hypersensitivity reaction triggered by numerous causes

48
Q

What are some causes of erythema nodosum?

A

Streptococcal infection
Pregnancy
TB
COCP
NSAIDs
Lymphoma
IBD
Sarcoidosis
Leukaemia

49
Q

A thin golden crust develops on the upper lip of a child.

What is your differential?

A

Impetigo

50
Q

How do you treat impetigo?

A

Fusidic acid

Flucloxacillin

51
Q

What is the predominant difference between SJS and TEN?

A

SJS < 10%

TEN >10%

52
Q

What are some of the common causes of SJS?

A

Medication:
AEDs
ABX
Allopurinol
NSAIDs

Infections:
HSV
M pneumonia
CMV
HIB

53
Q

How is SJS/TEN managed?

A

Dermatological referral URGENT +
Steroids + Ig and Immunosuppressant

54
Q

A rash presents on the trunk with multiple hypopigmented regions, scale and itch.

What is your ddx?

What is the Tx?

A

Pityriasis versicolor

Ketoconazole

/ Antifungal

55
Q

A man presents with a new skin rash consisting of papules, polygonal and white-lines within. It demonstrates Koebner phenomenon.

What is your DDx?

What is the white-line pattern on the surface of the lesion called?

How do you manage this?

A

Lichen planus

Wickham’s striae

Potent topical steroids (Clobetasone)

56
Q

An 88-year-old lady presents to her GP complaining of itchy white plaques affecting her vulva. There is no history of vaginal discharge or bleeding. A similar plaque is also seen on her inner thigh.

What is your DDx?

What is the management?

A

Lichen sclerosus

Topical steroids and emollients

57
Q

What are the features of Rosacea?

A

Affects nose, cheeks and forehead
Flushing
Telangiectasia
Erythema with papules and pustules

58
Q

What is the management of Rosacea?

A

Supportive

Erythema
Brimonidine gel

Papules (mild)
Ivermectin

Papules (severe)
Ivermectin and PO Doxycycline

59
Q

What is the adverse effect(s) Phototherapy?

A

Skin ageing
Squamous cell carcinoma

60
Q

Which complications are most associated with seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Blepharitis and otitis externa

61
Q

Which factors may exacerbate psoriasis?

A

Trauma
Alcohol
Beta blockers
Lithium
Chloroquine
NSAIDs
ACEi
Infliximab

62
Q

Which conditions are most associated with Vitiligo?

A

T1DM
Addison’s disease
Autoimmune thyroid disorders
Pernicious anaemia
Alopecia areata

63
Q

What may cause drug-induced lupus?

A

Hydralazine
Procainamide
Isoniazid
Minocycline
Phenytoin

64
Q

Which drugs may cause erythema multiforme?

A

PANOCS

Penicillin
Allopurinol
NSAIDs
OCP
Carbamazepine
Sulphasalazine

65
Q
A

13-19-18-1 (6 decks)

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