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ICA > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

List 6 common skin conditions

A

-eczema
-acne vulgaris
-psoriasis
-urticaria
-infections
-skin cancer

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2
Q

What are the 3 different types of skin cancer?

A

-Melanoma
-Squamous cell carcinoma
-Basal cell carcinoma

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3
Q

How is atopic eczema/dermatitis diagnosed?

A

It’s a clinical diagnosis

No investigations needed

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4
Q

Whats the typical patient history for someone with suspected atopic eczema/dermatitis?

A

-Begins in childhood (can occur later)
-Atopy
-Family history of atopy

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5
Q

What are some clinical features of atopic eczema/dermatitis?

A

-Pruritus (itchy)
-Typically occurs in skin creases - flexural
-Can occur in response to specific triggers

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6
Q

What’s the treatment for atopic eczema/dermatitis?

A

-Education and support
-Avoidance of triggers
-Topical:
-emollients
-steroids and/or calcineurin inhibitors
-soap substitutes
-phototherapy
-Systemic therapy

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7
Q

How is Acne Vulgaris diagnosed?

A

It’s a clinical diagnosis

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8
Q

What’s the typical history for a patient presenting with suspected Acne Vulgaris?

A

-Adolescents and young adults
-Chronic issue with skin, spots due to blocked hair follicles in skin

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9
Q

Acne vulgaris has a multifactorial cause, list some features.

A

-Increased sebum production (androgen influence)
-Excessive deposition of keratin in pores
-Overgrowth of Cutibacterium acnes (skin commensal)
-Pro-inflammatory chemicals released in skin

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10
Q

What are the treatment options for Acne Vulgaris?

A

-Topical
-non-antibiotic
-antibiotic

-Systemic
-Antibiotics
-Oral contraceptive pill
-Isotretinoin (!!! Teratogenic)

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11
Q

How is psoriasis diagnosed?

A

It’s a clinical diagnosis, using patient symptoms and history.

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12
Q

What’s the typical history of a patient presenting with psoriasis?

A

-Chronic skin condition
-Often between ages 20-30yrs and 50-60yrs
-Strong genetic predisposition (family history)
-Relapsing and remitting course
-Triggers e.g. ACEi, b-blockers

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13
Q

What’s the cause of psoriasis?

A

T cell cytokine production is stimulated, causes keratinocyte proliferation

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14
Q

What are the treatment options for psoriasis?

A

-Topical
-Phototherapy
-Systemic
-Oral and injectable

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15
Q

How is urticaria diagnosed?

A

Clinical diagnosis, no special tests

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16
Q

Whats the typical history of patient presenting with suspected urticaria?

A

-Can be acute OR chronic
-Normally a trigger involved such as foods, allergens, medication, viral infections

17
Q

What’s the pathophysiology of urticaria?

A

Mast cell degranulation and histamine release -> increased capillary permeability and leakage of fluid into surrounding tissue

18
Q

What are the treatment options for urticaria?

A

-General education
-Systemic
-H1 anti-histamine
-H2 anti-histamine
-Other: steroids, ciclosporin, montelukast, omaluzimab

19
Q

Name 2 viral skin infections

A

-Molluscum contagiosum
-Shingles

20
Q

Describe some features of Molluscum contagiosum

A

-Pox virus
-Common in children - spread via DIRECT contact
-Self limiting (usually)
-Small firm spots, dimple in middle
-Can be itchy
-Appear anywhere

21
Q

Describe some features of Shingles

A

-Herpes Zoster virus
-Painful
-Tingling feeling in skin
-Dermatomal pattern
-Vesicles

22
Q

Give an example of a bacterial skin infection

A

Impetigo

23
Q

Describe some features of Impetigo

A

-Highly contagious
-Common in children
-Staph or Strep cause
-Seen in areas of broken skin
-Treated with topical antibiotics

24
Q

Give an example of a fungal skin infection

A

Dermatophytosis (ringworm)

25
Q

Describe some features of Dermatophytosis

A

-Superficial fungal infection
-Need keratin to grow
-Spread via direct contact
-Classified by area affected
-Responds well to antifungals

26
Q

Describe features of Malignant Melanoma

A

-Cancer from melanocytes
-UV light exposure main cause
-New or change to existing mole
-Most common in areas exposed to sun
-Treated with surgery, may require further treatment with radiotherapy

27
Q

Describe features of squamous cell carcinoma

A

-Abnormal and accelerated growth of squamous cells
-Develop in sun exposed areas of skin
-More common in middle aged or older
-Treated with surgery to remove affected area

28
Q

Explain features of basal cell carcinoma

A

-Commonest type of skin cancer
-Slow growing, rarely spread
-Older adults
-Caused by DNA mutation in basal cells (commonly due to UV exposure)
-Treated with surgery

29
Q

What does SCAM stand for in dermatology examinations?

A

S: site and distribution (rash)
Size and shape (lesion)
C: colour and configuration
A: assoc changes
M: morphology

30
Q

What is the ABCDE approach for examining pigmented lesions?

A

A: asymmetry
B: border
C: colour
D: diameter
E: evolution

31
Q

What are the components of dermatology history taking?

A

-Presenting complaint
-History of presenting complaint
-PMHx
-FHx
-SHx
-THx
-DHx
-Allergies
-ICE

32
Q

What do you want to know about the presenting complaint?

A

-Nature
-Size
-Duration

33
Q

What do you want to know about the history of the presenting complaint?

A

-Initial appearance
-Location
-Associated symptoms
-Aggravating and relieving symptoms
-Prev episodes
-Treatments
-Contact history

34
Q

What do you want to know about their past medical history?

A

-Systemic disease
-History of atopy
-History of skin cancer
-History of sun burn

35
Q

What do you want to know about their family history?

A

-Skin disease
-Atopy
-Autoimmune disease

36
Q

What do you want to know about patients social history?

A

-Home situation (pets!!!)
-Smoking
-Drugs and alcohol
-Occupation
-Diet
-Cleaning products
-Travel history

37
Q

What can you ask about drug history?

A

-Prescribed any medication?
-Taking any over the counter medication?
-Any allergies to drugs?

ICA (7 decks)

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