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Neuro and special senses > dermatology > Flashcards

dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

which tinea infections require oral treatment?

A

capitis and fungal nail infection

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2
Q

which pathogen causes pityriasis versicolor?

A

Malassezia yeasts

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3
Q

what is intertrigo?

A

inflammation of skin folds, usually candida but can be other fungal or bacterial causes

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4
Q

why do we itch with scabies?

A

type 4 hypersensitivity to mite eggs and faeces

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5
Q

what do we use to treat scabies?

A

topical 5% permethrin cream

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6
Q

what is dangeruos complication of scarlet fever?

A

rheumatic fever which can lead to mitral valve regurgitation, joint complications

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7
Q

What contraceptive can be adviced for use in women with acne vulgaris?

A

COCP can be considered in moderate to severe acne. Progesterone only may exacerbate acne

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8
Q

What is the pathophysiology leading to venous ulcers?

A

Subcutaneous oedema with poor lymphatic and capillary drainage and accumulation of fibrous material leaking from blood vessels around the capillaries leads to inadequate nutrients and oxygen to the skin causing it to die and ulcerate

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9
Q

What is first line for scalded skin syndrome?

A

IV flucloxacillin

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10
Q

How do we manage pityriasis verticolor?

A

Ketoconazole shampoo

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11
Q

What is the most common infective cause of erythema multiforme?

A

HSV

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12
Q

What ulcerating skin condition is associated with inflammatory bowel disease?

A

Pyoderma gangrenosum

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13
Q

What is the likely cause of an asymptomatic papule which dimples when it is squeezed?

A

Dermatofibroma

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14
Q

What skin condition commonly presents as flat-topped, purple, polygonal papules and plaques located on the flexor surfaces of wrists, arms and on the shins?

A

Lichen planus

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15
Q

What skin rash commonly affecting the abdomen is associated with coeliac disease?

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

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16
Q

What treatment is given for dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Dapsone- an antibiotic that helps reduce the itching symptoms

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17
Q

How long does molluscum contagiosum take to resolve?

A

18 months

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18
Q

How do we treat infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis? What is this also known as?

A

Also known as cradle cap
Topical emollients commonly olive oil

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19
Q

What is acne vulgaris?

A

A chronic inflammatory skin condition mainly affecting the face back and chest characterised by the blockage and inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit

20
Q

What are some complications of acne vulgaris?

A

Scaring, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and psychosocial problems like anxiety and depression

21
Q

What first line options are available for patients with mild to moderate acne?

A

Topical mild retinoids and antibiotic/benzoyl peroxide treatment
E.g Topical benzoyl peroxide and adapalene or tretinoin and clindamycin

22
Q

After starting 1st line acne treatment when should patient be followed up?

A

12 weeks

23
Q

When should patients be followed up after starting 1st line acne medication?

A

12 weeks

24
Q

How should patients be managed if they are attending the GP with acne fulminans?

A

Urgent same day referral to the on-call dermatology team at the hospital, to be assessed in 24 hours

25
Q

What 1st line treatment can be given for moderate to severe acne vulgaris?

A

Topical combination of retinoid and antibiotic +/- oral tetracycline

26
Q

What is acne fulminans?

A

A sudden severe inflammatory reaction that precipitates deep ulcerations and erosions, sometimes with systemic symptoms like fever, myalgia/arthralgia

27
Q

How does acne appear?

A

(Mild) Non-inflammatory lesions- open and closed comedomes
(Moderate-severe) inflammatory lesions- papules, pustules, nodules cysts, hyperpigmentation and scarring

28
Q

How long do acne treatments need to be continued to produce an effect?

A

At least 6 weeks

29
Q

What is psoriasis?

A

A chronic inflammatory skin condition due to hyper proliferation of keratinocytes and inflammatory cell infiltration

30
Q

What is the most common type of psoriasis?

A

Chronic plaque psoriasis

31
Q

What are different types of psoriasis?

A

Chronic plaque, guttate, palmar-plantar pustular, flexural (body folds), seborrhoeic (nano-labial and retro auricular), erythroderma

32
Q

What are triggers for psoriasis?

A

Trauma (koebner phenomenon), drugs, stress and alcohol

33
Q

How does chronic plaque psoriasis typically present?

A

Well-dermacated erythematous scaly plaques seen on extensor surfaces. Lesions can be itchy, burning or painful

34
Q

What nail changes can be seen with psoriasis?

A

Pitting, onycholysis

35
Q

Where else can psoriasis affect?

A

Nails and joints

36
Q

What is the initial management for psoriasis?

A

Emollients, topical vitamin D analogues, coal tar preparations and topical steroids

37
Q

What are none topical treatment for psoriasis?

A

Phototherapy: UVB or PUVA
Systemic non-biologic therapy e.g methotrexate or ciclosporin if wanting to get pregnant
Biologics

38
Q

What tools can be used to assess the effect of psoriasis on a patients quality of life?

A

PASI- psoriasis area and severity index
DLQI- dermatology life quality index

39
Q

What tools can be used to assess the effect of eczema on a patients quality of life?

A

DLQI- dermatology life quality index
EASI- eczema area and severity index
POEM- patient orientated eczema measure

40
Q

What are risk factors for BCC?

A

Fitzpatrick type 1 skin, immunosupression, long term UV exposure, PUVA therapy

41
Q

What surgical options can be used to treat superficial BCCs?

A

Cryotherapy, imiquimod, 5-FU, curettage and radiotherpay

42
Q

What is the surgical management of BCCs?

A

Excision biopsy with 3-5mm margins, Moh’s micro graphic surgery

43
Q

What are risk factors for SCCs?

A

Prolonged UV exposure, chronic inflammation, immunosupression, smoking, premalignancy conditions e.g bowens or actinic keratosis

44
Q

What is usual management of SCC?

A

Excision biopsy with margins of 4-10mm based on risk

45
Q

What are the main four subtypes of melanoma?

A

Superficial spreading 60%, nodular 30%, lentigo maligna (typically on head and neck), acral lentiginous (typically under nails or on palms and soles)

46
Q

What are risk factors for melanoma?

A

UV exposure, increasing age, previous melanoma, fair skin tone, FHx

47
Q

What is management for melanoma and what guides it?

A

Wide local excision with margins guided by breslow thickness, sentinel lymph node biopsy, staging CT, chemo for metastatic disease

Neuro and special senses (4 decks)

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