Dermatology Flashcards
How can Telegentasia and Spider Naevia be differentiated?
Spider naevia fill from the centre- a/w liver disease and telengtasia refill from the outside.
According to the Gell and Coombs classification, what type of reaction is allergic dermatitis?
Type 4- T cell mediated, “delayed hypersensitivity”
What is the classical sign associated with a dermatofibroma?
Dimples when pressed. Dermatofibroma is a nodule, benign associated with trauma such as an insect bite.
Management of Ptyriasis Verscicolor?
Topic anti fungal eg ketonazole shampoo
What is the rash seen in Lyme disease?
Erythema Migrans
Treatment of Acne Rosaeca?
First line: topical ivermectin
Second line: ADD in oral doxycycline
What things can exacerbate psoriasis?
B blockers, trauma, alcohol, lithium, antimalarials, NSAIDS, ACEi
What virus causes eczema herpeticum?
Herpes simplex 1
What is the first line tx for scalp psoriasis?
Topical steroids
In which condition is a hearld patch seen?
Pityriasis rosea
Keratoderma blennorrhagica is seen in which condition?
Reactive arthritis (rash on the feet)
How does oral leukoplakia present?
White plaques on tongue that can’t be rubbed off. Common in smokers. Need to exclude SCC
Dermatitis herpetiformis - management of?
a/w coeliac disease and therefore is treated with a gluten free diet
Eryispelas- caused by which organism?
Strep pyogenes - produces an endotoxin!
What 2 drugs can cause a “drug induced lupus”?
Most common causes
procainamide
hydralazine
Management of acne rosacea?
Topical ivermectin + oral doxycycline for papules and pustules.
What is an example of a vitamin D analgoue for psoriasis?
vitamin D analogues include calcipotriol (Dovonex), calcitriol and tacalcitol
What is the first line mx for Psoriasis?
Topical steroid and topical Vit D analogue
What is the management for acne? (stepwise)
- Topical retinoid and topical fusidic acid
- Oral antibiotics
- Oral COCP
- referral for isotretrioin
Impetigo management
- Topical hydrogen peroxide
- Topical fusidic acid
- If more extensive PO Flucoxacillin
What are the causes of scarring alopecia? (4)
Trauma/burns, radiotherapy, lichen planus, discoid lupus, tinea capitis
What is the treatment for Fungal nail infections, first and second line?
First line- topical amolofine
Second line- Oral terbinafine
What is the name of the rash seen in Lymes disease?
Erythema chronicum migrans (typical bulls eye rash )
What drug exacerbates plaque psoriasis?
Propanolol
What are the features of lichen planus?
Purple rash on flexor surfaces, mucosal involvement, kobner phenonemum where sites of trauma get a white lacy rash.
Treatment of lichen planus?
Hydrocortisone oitment is first line
What is first line for acne rosacea?
Topical ivermetacin
How to diagnose tinea capitis?
Woods lamp and scalp scrapings
What is first line for psoriasis?
Steroid and Vit D analogue ( eg calcitriol)
What are the side effects of retinoids?
Sore lips, hair thinning, DRY SKIN, DRY EYES, nose bleeds, photosensitivity.
What is the steroid ladder?
Hydrocortisone
Eumovate
Betnovate
Dermovate
What is the cause of Pityriasis versicolor?
Malassezia fufur
Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton verrucosum cause which skin condition?
Tinea corporis
Management of urticaria?
Non sedating antihistamines
Prednisolone if very severe.
Drug induced lupus - what drugs are common?
- What antibodies (2)
procainamide (antiarrythimic) and Hydralazine
Antibodies: Antihistone and ANA
What antibodies in Dermatomyositis?
anti-Mi-2 antibodies
Anti Jo 1
Anti centromere antibodies are associated with?
limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis
How might a BCC be described?
Pearly edges
Central ulceration
What are the characteristics of these types of hair loss?
- Alopecia areata
- Tinea Capitis
- Telogen effluvium
- Anlagen efflulvium
- Scarring (cicatricial) alopecia
- Alopecia areata - patchy hair loss. Scalp is healthy
- Tinea Capitis - Patchy, scalp is scaly and itchy
- Telogen effluvium- Diffuse hair loss MONTHS after precipitant
- Anlagen efflulvium - Diffuse hair loss WEEKS after precipitant
- Scarring (cicatricial) alopecia - permanent alopecia caused by inflammatory disorders eg scleroderma
What is tinea pedis? vs Tinea Unguium
Tinea pedis: Athletes foot. itchy skin between toes.
Tina Ungium- fungal nail infection
What are the treatment options for actinic keratosis?
fluorouracil cream (Topical 5FU)
Topical diclofenac
Cryotherapy
What is scabies caused by?
Sarcoptes scabiei (house mite)
What is the characteristic rash caused by Scarlet Fever?
Fine punctuate rash
Spares area around mouth / palms and soles
Starts on Torso
Sandpaper rash
What is the treatment for scalp psoriasis?
- Topical corticosteroid
- Vit D analogue (calciproctiol) with steroid
Cutaneous larva migrans is also known as?
Hookworm!
Itchy
From contaminated soil/ fecal matter
Acanthosis nigricans is a/w with which malignancy?
Gastric ca.
Dermatomyositis- a/w which malignancy ?
Lung and ovary
Migratory thrombophlebitis- a/w which malignancy?
Pancreatic ca.
Necrolytic migratory erythema- a/w which malignancy?
Glucagonoma
Pyoderma gangrenosum (bullous and non-bullous forms) - a/w which malignancy?
Myeloproliferative disorders
Lichen Planus can be precipitated by which 3 main drugs?
Gold
Quinine
Thiazides
Alopecia Areata - what is it? and how does it present? Treatment
Presumed autoimmune
Hair loss in circular pattern
Non scarring hair loss
Exclamation mark hairs
Can be treated with potent topical steroid
Where do dermoid cysts occur and in which population?
AKA Cystic Teratoma
Children
Lateral aspect of eyebrow
Epidermoid and pilar cysts (sebaceous cysts)
- where do they present?
- defining feature?
Present ears/ scalp/ upper arm
Not soles or palms.
Defining feature is the punctum in the middle
What are the topical therapies for Acne Roscea?
Topical Ivermethacin
Topical Brimiodine
Topical Metronidazole
Oral- Doxycline
Livedo retciualris is associated with which conditions
RA
Polyarteritis nodosm
Lupus
Antiphospholipid
Ehlers Danos
What are the management options for Acne Rosacea?
Topical Brimodine (PRN Alpha agonist)
Topical Invermethacin
Topical Metronidazole
Oral Doxycycline
What are the oral antibiotics for acne vulgaris?
Lymecycline/ Doxycycline
What would Oxytetracycline be used for? (what are the indications on the BNF?)
Acne vulgaris
Rosacea
Side effect of Minocyclidine
Facial pigmentation
Anti Jo is associated with what?
Dermatomyositis
What are some side effects of oral Isotretoin?
Most common- dry lips/ dry skin
Hair thinning
Suicidal ideation
Nose bleeds
Photosensitivity
Which rash gives a the hearld patch?
Pityriasis Roscea has the characteristic hearld patch
What is first line for impetigo?
Topical hydrogen peroxide
Second line- Fusidic acid (or Fusidic acid is first line if widespread disease or immunosuppressed)
Pyoderma gangrenosum is a/w with?
Inflammatory bowel disease
RA/SLE
Haematological
GPA
What is a classic history for discoid eczema?
More common in winter months
Can leave hyperpigmentation/ hypopigmentation
More common on extremities
Can get crusty/ vesicles etc
Features of pyogenic granuloma
Occurs as a result of trauma eg thorn or splinter
Management of Tinea Capitis
oral griseofulvin
Tinea wapitis (ring worm) fungal infection - can be scarring.
V infectious can spread between children
