dermatology Flashcards
what are the different categories to consider when describing skin lesions?
-
Lumps
- size of lump
- contents of lump
-
colour changes
- redness
- superficial changes
-
hair changes
- too much
- too little
what is the appropriate terminology to describe small lumps?
papule (<5mm)
what is the appropriate terminology to describe large lumps?
nodule (5-10mm)
what is the appropriate terminology to describe water filled lumps?
papule water filled lumps = vesicle
nodule water filled lumps = bulla
what is the appropriate terminology to describe puss filled lumps?
pustule
what is the appropriate terminology to describe red lumps?
erythema
what is the appropriate terminology to describe non palpable flat lessions?
macule
macule >2cm is a patch
what is the appropriate terminology to describe palpable flat lessions?
plaque
what is the appropriate terminology to describe scratches?
exocriations
what is the appropriate terminology to describe stretches?
striae
what is the appropriate terminology to describe an itch?
pruritus
what is the appropriate terminology to describe thinning?
atrophy
what is the appropriate terminology to describe thread veins?
telangiectasia
what is the appropriate terminology to describe scaling?
scaling / ichthyosis
what is the appropriate terminology to describe loss of epidermis?
erosion
what is the appropriate terminology to describe loss of epidermis + dermis?
ulcer
what is the appropriate terminology to describe bruising/thickening of epidermis?
lichenification
what is the appropriate terminology to describe too much hair?
hirsutism
what is the appropriate terminology to describe too little hair?
alopecia
What is psoriasis?
Most common inflammatory dermatoses
Autoimmune disease involving T cells and keratinocytes
What are the causes of psoriasis?
may be inherited
(Family members can suffer simultaneously)
What are the common psoriasis triggers?
Injury to the skin
Drinking alcohol in excess
Smoking
Stress
Hormonal changes
What are the symptoms of psoriasis?
Psoriasis plaques usually form on:
- Elbows
- Knees
- Forehead
Pitting of the nails
Psoriasis affects joints causing deformations
What are the treatments for psoriasis?
Topical:
- Salicylic acid
- Steroids
- Vitamin D analogues
Systemic:
- Retinoids
- Cytotoxic drugs
- Monoclonal antibodies
What is eczema?
Dermatitis
Chronic skin disease
What causes eczema?
Internal:
- Born with it
- Usually have other reactions e.g. asthma + hay fever
- (Asthma, eczema and hay fever = atopy)
External:
- Occupation related
What are the symptoms of eczema?
Rashes on:
- Inner wrist
- Inner area of elbow
- Behind the knees
- Face
What are the treatments of eczema?
Topical:
- Emollients
- Steroids
- Immunosuppressant
Systemic:
- Anti-histamines
- Immunosuppressant
what is malignant melanoma?
Skin cancer
What are the risk factors of malignant melanoma?
- Some genetic predispositions to melanoma
- Non-inherited mutations
- Sun exposure
- Type of skin
What are the signs of malignant melanoma?
Moles form on the trunk or legs
What are the treatment of malignant melanoma?
Wide local excision
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
What is vitiligo?
skin becomes depigmented
What causes vitiligo?
- Autoimmune conditions
- Trigger event (Usually stress)
- Hereditary
What are the signs and symptoms of vitiligo?
Pale white patches which develop on the skin
Areas most likely affected:
- Skin around mouth + eyes
- Armpits
- Fingers and wrist
- Genitals
What are the 2 types of vitiligo?
Segmental vs non-segmental
What are the treatments for vitiligo?
Topical steroids
Calcineurin inhibitors
Cosmetic camouflage
Sunscreen
What is alopecia areata?
Spot baldness
What causes alopecia areata?
Autoimmune
What are the treatments of alopecia areata?
Topical + intralesional steroids
Calcineurin inhibitors
Cosmetic methods
what is acne?
skin condition that affects suebaceous glands
what causes acne?
varies depending on the type
what are the treatments for acne?
trying topical agents first
then trying oral treatments
what are the symptoms of acne?
comedones (2 types):
- open - blackheads
- closed - whiteheads
papules
pustules
nodules
cyst
scars
