Dermatology Flashcards by Erin Murphy

What are the three layers of the skin

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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Name 4 functions of the skin

Provide an anatomical barrier
Main method of heat regulation
Sensory input form the body
Storage for lipids and water

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What is commensal flora

Commensal flora is the normal colonisation that inhibits pathogens in a heathy host

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Normal skin has 50 million organisms whereas oily skin has about 500 million organisms.

What re some features of oily skin

They have more secretion from the sebaceous glands
The skin tends to become heavier and thicker
They are more at risk of pore blockages and therefore ‘spots and pimples’

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What is a comedone

A comedone is essentially a blackhead.
It is a feature of acne vulgaris.

It is a build up of keratin and sebum and it turns’ black’ when the blocked pores oxide

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What is a furuncle and what organism is it caused by

It is an infection of the skin, pockets filled with pus.

The organism involved is staphylococcus aures

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If furuncles are grouped together what is this called

Carbuncles

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Folliculitis is what

Furuncle in the hair follicle

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What percentage of teenagers aged from 13-18 are affected by acne?

80%

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What are some causes of acne?

Follicular sensitivity to testosterone ( increase around puberty)

Propionibacterium acnes overgrows and leads to infections and cysts

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What are some things that can are acne worse

Certain contraceptive pills
Greasy skin cleaners
Some anticonvulsant drugs
Squeezing the spots

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Acne can be managed locally, how?

Reducing excess skin oil - cleanser

Antibacterial agents
- benzoyl peroxide
- antibiotic lotions

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If the local treatment of acne fails what other method can be used.

Antibiotics can be given - minocylin
Hormone manipulation can be used - anti-androgens

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What is erysipelas and what bacteria is it caused by

It is a skin infection involving the dermis layer of the skin, defined by a sharp raised border.

Caused by streptococcus pygenes

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Erysipelas is managed with systemic antibiotics ( oral or IV)
If this consditon is not managed what can it lead to ?

Necrotising fasciitis
Septic shock

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Guess the disease

Highly infectious skin disease
Staphylococcal or streptococcal
Crusty red booster appearance
Often associated with eczema

Impetigo

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How is impetigo treated

Often with topical antibiotics (can be systemic)

Antibiotic found from culture

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Name 4 bacteria infections of the skin

Furuncles
Acne
Erysipelas
Impetigo

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Name 4 viral skin infections

Herpes simplex
Shingles
Molluscum Contagiosm
Warts

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Herpes simplex infection affects single dermatome or adjacent dermatome. How is this infection activated and how is it treated

It is activatated by ‘trauma’
- physical, chemical, UV light, run down

It is treated with aciclovir

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Shingles is also known as…

Herpes zoster infection

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Shingle affects a single dermatolome and causes significant pain. How do. We treat this

Treat with high dose aciclovir

What is molluscum contagiosum, do we treat and who does it usually affect

Viral infection of the skin caused by MCV - pox virus
Resolves spontaneously in 1-2 years
Usually affects infants and small. Children

Clusters of smalll papules

Human papilloma virus has many types, which types cause warts

1 -3

HPV a well as causing warts can cause cervical cancer, what types are responsible for this?

16 and 18

Athletes foot is. Typically a mixed bacterial and fungal infection, how does it present and how do we treate

It typically affects in between the toes - groin involvement also common Scaling and sogginess of the skin Prevent this by keeping skin clean and dry and damage freee Treatment — miconazole

What is onycholysis?

It is a nail bed fungal infection usually tinea unguium infection The nail becomes thick and malformed and may crumble

What condition would unguium be seen in

Onycholysis - fungal nail bed infection

Despite its name ringworm doesn’t have anything to with worms, it is a fungal skin infection that presents as a red circular rash. What three areas are commonly affected and what fungi is involved?

Groin - tinea Crusis Body - tinea corporis Scalp - tinea capittis

What is the name of the fungal infection found due to chaffing in moist body folds and how do we treat it

Intertrigo Treat with topical anti fungal cream - miconaazole

Pityriasis versicolour results in patchy skin pigmentation and is usually caused by what

Pityrosporum orbiculare Can be seen in cradle cap

What are the two skin infestations

Scabies Lice

What is scabies caused by

Invasion of the scabies mite - sarcoptes scabiei Skin to skin contact

What are the most common signs of scabies

Skin rash and itchiness on trunk and limbs

Wha is the treatment for scabies

Use chemical insecticides Benzyl Benzoate Apply to the whole body from chin down

What are three types of lice

Head Pubic Body

Name three inflammatory skin diseases

Eczema Occupational dermatitis Psoriasis

Where does eczema most commonly affect?

Usually affects FLEXOR surfaces of skin or trunk

Atopic eczema is the most common form of eczema, what are some features of it

Develops in childhood - usually improves with age Tends to run n families Associated with other atopic conditions such as hay fever and asth,a

Other than atopic eczema what other kinds can you get

Contact - this is when there is contact with an allergen ( perfume soap) Seborrhoeic - scalp and eyelashes ( serve dandruff ) Discoid - circular patches on the body Gravitational - related to poor circulate in the legs

What are some common triggers of eczema

Stress Menstruation Illnesss Weather

In eczema management how does a corticosteroids work

Removes the inflammation and allows the skin to return to normal

What is occupational dermatitis

This is a reactio to an environmental agent That usually results in a rash

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease - the cause of which is unknown ( 2% of the population suffer from this) What is it

Dysregualted epidermal proliferation - new cells produced faster than the old cells are lost - skim surface builds up and thickens Red scaly patches that can become itchy

There is not one cleat treatment for psoriasis, suggest some methods

Initially topical - emollients , topical steroid PUVA

What is PUVA with regards to psoriasis treatment

Psoralen UV light A Topical drug activated by UV light

What is the effect of systemic medication such as methotrexate or cicolosporin in psoriasis

These drugs reduce the cell turnover

What happens in immunological. Skin disease

Auto-antibody attack on skin components causing loss of cell-cell adhesion This causes a split to form in the skin which fills with inflammatory exudate - forming a blister

Where does the skin and oral mucosa share many common antigens and epitopes with?

Genital mucosa

Guess the diesease -SUB epithelial antibody attach Thick walled blisters - clear or blood filed

Pemphigoid

What is pemphigus?

A disease causing blistering of the skin, oral mucosa, nose throat eyes and genital

What kind of pemphigus affects the oral mucosa

Vulgaris

What is epidermolysis bullosa and what problems can it cause

This is a group of conditions which cause the skin to blister easily It can cause infection fluid loss and scarring