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Diseases Of Human Systems BDS3 > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

What are the three layers of the skin

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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2
Q

Name 4 functions of the skin

A

Provide an anatomical barrier
Main method of heat regulation
Sensory input form the body
Storage for lipids and water

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3
Q

What is commensal flora

A

Commensal flora is the normal colonisation that inhibits pathogens in a heathy host

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4
Q

Normal skin has 50 million organisms whereas oily skin has about 500 million organisms.

What re some features of oily skin

A

They have more secretion from the sebaceous glands
The skin tends to become heavier and thicker
They are more at risk of pore blockages and therefore ‘spots and pimples’

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5
Q

What is a comedone

A

A comedone is essentially a blackhead.
It is a feature of acne vulgaris.

It is a build up of keratin and sebum and it turns’ black’ when the blocked pores oxide

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6
Q

What is a furuncle and what organism is it caused by

A

It is an infection of the skin, pockets filled with pus.

The organism involved is staphylococcus aures

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7
Q

If furuncles are grouped together what is this called

A

Carbuncles

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8
Q

Folliculitis is what

A

Furuncle in the hair follicle

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9
Q

What percentage of teenagers aged from 13-18 are affected by acne?

A

80%

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10
Q

What are some causes of acne?

A

Follicular sensitivity to testosterone ( increase around puberty)

Propionibacterium acnes overgrows and leads to infections and cysts

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11
Q

What are some things that can are acne worse

A

Certain contraceptive pills
Greasy skin cleaners
Some anticonvulsant drugs
Squeezing the spots

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12
Q

Acne can be managed locally, how?

A

Reducing excess skin oil - cleanser

Antibacterial agents
- benzoyl peroxide
- antibiotic lotions

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13
Q

If the local treatment of acne fails what other method can be used.

A

Antibiotics can be given - minocylin
Hormone manipulation can be used - anti-androgens

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14
Q

What is erysipelas and what bacteria is it caused by

A

It is a skin infection involving the dermis layer of the skin, defined by a sharp raised border.

Caused by streptococcus pygenes

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15
Q

Erysipelas is managed with systemic antibiotics ( oral or IV)
If this consditon is not managed what can it lead to ?

A

Necrotising fasciitis
Septic shock

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16
Q

Guess the disease

Highly infectious skin disease
Staphylococcal or streptococcal
Crusty red booster appearance
Often associated with eczema

A

Impetigo

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17
Q

How is impetigo treated

A

Often with topical antibiotics (can be systemic)

Antibiotic found from culture

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18
Q

Name 4 bacteria infections of the skin

A

Furuncles
Acne
Erysipelas
Impetigo

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19
Q

Name 4 viral skin infections

A

Herpes simplex
Shingles
Molluscum Contagiosm
Warts

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20
Q

Herpes simplex infection affects single dermatome or adjacent dermatome. How is this infection activated and how is it treated

A

It is activatated by ‘trauma’
- physical, chemical, UV light, run down

It is treated with aciclovir

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21
Q

Shingles is also known as…

A

Herpes zoster infection

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22
Q

Shingle affects a single dermatolome and causes significant pain. How do. We treat this

Study These Flashcards
A

Treat with high dose aciclovir

23
Q

What is molluscum contagiosum, do we treat and who does it usually affect

Study These Flashcards
A

Viral infection of the skin caused by MCV - pox virus
Resolves spontaneously in 1-2 years
Usually affects infants and small. Children

Clusters of smalll papules

24
Q

Human papilloma virus has many types, which types cause warts

25
HPV a well as causing warts can cause cervical cancer, what types are responsible for this?
16 and 18
26
Athletes foot is. Typically a mixed bacterial and fungal infection, how does it present and how do we treate
It typically affects in between the toes - groin involvement also common Scaling and sogginess of the skin Prevent this by keeping skin clean and dry and damage freee Treatment — miconazole
27
What is onycholysis?
It is a nail bed fungal infection usually tinea unguium infection The nail becomes thick and malformed and may crumble
28
What condition would unguium be seen in
Onycholysis - fungal nail bed infection
29
Despite its name ringworm doesn’t have anything to with worms, it is a fungal skin infection that presents as a red circular rash. What three areas are commonly affected and what fungi is involved?
Groin - tinea Crusis Body - tinea corporis Scalp - tinea capittis
30
What is the name of the fungal infection found due to chaffing in moist body folds and how do we treat it
Intertrigo Treat with topical anti fungal cream - miconaazole
31
Pityriasis versicolour results in patchy skin pigmentation and is usually caused by what
Pityrosporum orbiculare Can be seen in cradle cap
32
What are the two skin infestations
Scabies Lice
33
What is scabies caused by
Invasion of the scabies mite - sarcoptes scabiei Skin to skin contact
34
What are the most common signs of scabies
Skin rash and itchiness on trunk and limbs
35
Wha is the treatment for scabies
Use chemical insecticides Benzyl Benzoate Apply to the whole body from chin down
36
What are three types of lice
Head Pubic Body
37
Name three inflammatory skin diseases
Eczema Occupational dermatitis Psoriasis
38
Where does eczema most commonly affect?
Usually affects FLEXOR surfaces of skin or trunk
39
Atopic eczema is the most common form of eczema, what are some features of it
Develops in childhood - usually improves with age Tends to run n families Associated with other atopic conditions such as hay fever and asth,a
40
Other than atopic eczema what other kinds can you get
Contact - this is when there is contact with an allergen ( perfume soap) Seborrhoeic - scalp and eyelashes ( serve dandruff ) Discoid - circular patches on the body Gravitational - related to poor circulate in the legs
41
What are some common triggers of eczema
Stress Menstruation Illnesss Weather
42
In eczema management how does a corticosteroids work
Removes the inflammation and allows the skin to return to normal
43
What is occupational dermatitis
This is a reactio to an environmental agent That usually results in a rash
44
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease - the cause of which is unknown ( 2% of the population suffer from this) What is it
Dysregualted epidermal proliferation - new cells produced faster than the old cells are lost - skim surface builds up and thickens Red scaly patches that can become itchy
45
There is not one cleat treatment for psoriasis, suggest some methods
Initially topical - emollients , topical steroid PUVA
46
What is PUVA with regards to psoriasis treatment
Psoralen UV light A Topical drug activated by UV light
47
What is the effect of systemic medication such as methotrexate or cicolosporin in psoriasis
These drugs reduce the cell turnover
48
What happens in immunological. Skin disease
Auto-antibody attack on skin components causing loss of cell-cell adhesion This causes a split to form in the skin which fills with inflammatory exudate - forming a blister
49
Where does the skin and oral mucosa share many common antigens and epitopes with?
Genital mucosa
50
Guess the diesease -SUB epithelial antibody attach Thick walled blisters - clear or blood filed
Pemphigoid
51
What is pemphigus?
A disease causing blistering of the skin, oral mucosa, nose throat eyes and genital
52
What kind of pemphigus affects the oral mucosa
Vulgaris
53
What is epidermolysis bullosa and what problems can it cause
This is a group of conditions which cause the skin to blister easily It can cause infection fluid loss and scarring

Diseases Of Human Systems BDS3 (5 decks)

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