Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 3 Derm > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are pressure sores?

A

develop in patients who are unable to move parts of their body due to illness, paralysis or advancing age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are predisposing factors for pressure sores?

A

malnourishment
incontinence
lack of mobility
pain (leads to a reduction in mobility)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What score is used to screen for at risk pts for pressure sores?

A

Waterlow score comprising body mass index, nutritional status, skin type, mobility and continence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where do pressure sores generally form?

A

Over bony prominences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the different grades of pressure sore?

A

Grade 1-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a grade 1 pressure sore?

A

Non-blanchable erythema of intact skin. Discolouration of the skin, warmth, oedema, induration or hardness may also be used as indicators, particularly on individuals with darker skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a grade 2 pressure?

A

Partial thickness skin loss involving epidermis or dermis, or both. The
ulcer is superficial and presents clinically as an abrasion or blister

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a grade 3 pressure sore?

A

Full thickness skin loss involving damage to or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue that may extend down to, but not through, underlying fascia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a grade 4 pressure sore?

A

Extensive destruction, tissue necrosis, or damage to muscle, bone or
supporting structures with or without full thickness skin loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are pressure sores managed?

A

Hydrocolloid dressings/Hydrogels for moist wound environment to promote healing
Pressure reducing aids/repositioning
ABs if indicated
Surgical debridement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the features of venous ulcers?

A 
Generally above the ankle 
Painless
At risk after prev DVT and varicose veins
Doppler US used 
Managed by 4 layer compression banding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the features of arterial ulcers?

A 
Occur on the toes and heel
Painful
There may be areas of gangrene
Cold with no palpable pulses
Low ABPI measurements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are features of neuropathic ulcers?

A

Commonly over plantar surface of metatarsal head and plantar surface of hallux
Most commonly leads to amputation in diabetic patients
Due to pressure
Management includes cushioned shoes to reduce callous formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is onychomycosis?

A

Fungal infection of the nails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is paronychia?

A

Acute infection of nail folds and periungal tissues caused by staph a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is koilonychia?

A

Spoon shaped nails seen in iron deficiency anaemia

17
Q

What is leukonychia?

A

White lines or dots on nails

Associated with liver cirrhosis causing hypoalbuminaemia

18
Q

What is urticaria?

A

pruritic erythematous plaques

appears clinically as pruritic, pale, blanching swellings of the superficial dermis that last for up to 24 hours

19
Q

What is the management for urticaria?

A

non-sedating antihistamines are first-line

prednisolone is used for severe or resistent episodes

20
Q

What drugs can cause urticaria?

A

aspirin
penicillins
NSAIDs
opiates

21
Q

What are some features of acute spontaneous urticaria?

A

Sudden onset pruritic rash < 6 weeks
Suspected precipitating factor e.g. food or medication
Pale, blanching swellings
Complications - angio-odema

22
Q

What are some differentials for urticaria?

A 
Drugs
Insect bites
Atopic dermatitis
Allergic contact dermatitis 
Viral exanthem
23
Q

What are the features of psoriatic lesions?

A

Red, inflamed, silvery-white scaly, and circumscribed papules and plaques

Itchy, irritating, burning and stinging

24
Q

Where are psoriatic lesions often found?

A

bows, knees, extensor limbs, and scalp, and, less commonly, nails, ear, and umbilical region

25
Q

What are RFs for psoriasis?

A

Genetic
Previous URTI
Local trauma
Medications

26
Q

What is the management for psoriatic plaques?

A

Topical therapies e.g. hydrocortisone
Phototherapy
Methotrexate

27
Q

How does eczema typically present?

A 
Dry, itchy skin 
Erythema
Scaling 
Vesicles
Lichenification in skin flexure
Under 5s
28
Q

What is the treatment for an eczema flare?

A

Emollients

+/- corticosteroid

29
Q

What do emollients do?

A

Rehydrate the skin and improve skin barrier function

30
Q

What drugs are used for acne?

A

Benzoyl peroxide
Topical retinoids
Systemic retinoids

Year 3 Derm (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions