Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paeds > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is eczema

A

Chronic atopic condition

Inflammation in skin

Tends to run in families

Usually presents in infancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How might a patient with eczema present

A

Dry, red, itchy, sore patches of skin

On flexor surfaces, face, and neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the maintenance management for eczema

A

Emollients (artificial barrier over skin)

Soap substitutes

Avoid environmental triggers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the management for eczema flares

A

Thicker emollients

Topical steroids

Antibiotics (rarely needed)

Zinc impregnated bandages

Phototherapy

Systemic immunosuppressants (corticosteroids, methotrexate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is eczema herpecticum

A

Viral infection of skin

Due to: herpes simplex, varicella zoster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How might a patient with eczema herpecticum present

A

Widespread, painful, vesicular rash

Fever

Lethargy

Irritability

Reduced oral intake

Lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the investigations for eczema herpecticum

A

Viral swab of vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the management for eczema herpecticum

A

Aciclovir (IV in severe cases)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the complications of eczema herpecticum

A

Can be life threatening if not treated properly

Can get bacterial superinfection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is psoriasis

A

Chronic autoimmune condition

Recurrent psoriatic skin lesions

Skin dry, flaky, scaly, slightly erythematous

Raised and rough plaques

Over extensor surfaces

Due to rapid generation of new skin cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the types of psoriasis

A

Plaque (most common form)

Guttate (mostly in children, triggered by strep throat infection)

Pustular (can be systemically unwell, medical emergency)

Erythrodermic (skin can come away in large patches, medical emergency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How might a patient with psoriasis present

A

Auspitz sign: small points of bleeding when plaques scraped off

Koebner phenomenon: psoriatic lesions to areas of skin affected by trauma

Residual pigmentation (after lesions resolve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the management for psoriasis

A

Topical steroids

Topical vitamin D analogues

Topical dithranol

Phototherapy

Systemic treatment (methotrexate, cyclosporin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the complications of psoriasis

A

Nail psoriasis (pitting, thickening, discolouration, ridging, separation from bed)

Psoriatic arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is acne vulgaris

A

During puberty and adolescence

Chronic inflammation of pilosebaceous units under skin

Due to: increased production of sebum, trapping of keratin, blockage of pilosebaceous unit

Exacerbated by androgenic hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How might a patient with acne vulgaris present

A

Macules (flat marks on skin)

Papules (small lumps on skin)

Pustules (small lumps containing yellow pus)

Comedones (blocked pilosebaceous units)

Black heads (open comedones with black pigmentation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the management for acne vulgaris

A

Topical benzoyl peroxide (reduced inflammation, unblocks skin)

Topical retinoids (slow production of sebum, highly teratogenic)

Topical/oral antibiotics

COCP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is first disease

A

Measles

Highly contagious

Symptoms 10-12 days after exposure

Presentation: fever, coryza, conjunctivitis, koplik spots (grey white spots on buccal mucosa)

Rash starts on face, spreads to rest of the body

Self resolves in 7-10 days

Notifiable disease

Complications: pneumonia, diarrhoea, dehydration, encephalitis, meningitis, hearing loss, death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is 2nd disease

A

Scarlet fever

Due to group A strep

Pink, blotchy, macular rash

Rough ‘sandpaper’ skin

Starts on trunk, spreads outwards

Presentation: fever, lethargy, flushed face, sore throat, strawberry tongue, cervical lymphadenopathy

Antibiotics (penicillin V)

Notifiable disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is 3rd disease

A

Rubella

2 week incubation

Erythematous, macular rash

Starts on face, spreads to body

Presentation: mild fever, joint pains, sore throat, lymphadenopathy

Notifiable disease

Should stay off school for 5 days from rash starting, and away from pregnant women

Complications: thrombocytopenia, encephalitis, congenital rubella syndrome (deafness, blindness, congenital heart disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is 4th disease

A

Duke’s disease

Non-specific viral rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is 5th disease

A

Slapped cheek syndrome

Parvovirus B19 infection

Affects trunk and limbs

Self resolves in 1-2 weeks

Complications: aplastic anaemia, encephalitis, meningitis, pregnancy complications, hepatitis, myocarditis, nephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is 6th disease

A

Roseola infantum

Due to herpesvirus 6

1-2 week incubation

High fever for 3-5 days, disappears suddenly

Coryzal symptoms

Rash 1-2 days after fever

Rash on arms, legs, face, trunk (not itchy)

Fully recover in a week

Complications: febrile convulsions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is erythema multiforme

A

Erythematous rash due to hypersensitivity reaction

Mostly due to viruses or medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How might a patient with erythema multiforme present

A

Widespread, itchy, erythematous rash

Characteristic target lesions

Can cause stomatitis

Mild fever

Muscle and joint pains

Headache

Flu-like symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the management for erythema multiforme

A

Resolves spontaneously in 1-4 weeks

If severe: IV fluids, analgesia, steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is urticaria

A

Aka hives

Small, itchy lumps on skin

Can be associated with angioedema and flushed skin

Due to release of histamines by mast cells

Can be acute or chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the causes of urticaria

A

Food allergies

Medication allergies

Animal allergies

Contact with chemicals

Viral infections

Insect bites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the management for urticaria

A

Antihistamines (fexofenadine)

Oral steroids

30
Q

What are chicken pox

A

Due to varicella zoster virus

Generalised vesicular rash

Highly contagious

Incubation 10-21 days

Stop being contagious when lesions have crusted over

31
Q

How might a patient with chicken pox present

A

Widespread, erythematous, raised, vesicular blistering lesions

Starts on trunk or face, then spreads

Fever

Itching

Generalised fatigue and malaise

32
Q

What is the management for chicken pox

A

Usually mild and self limiting

Aciclovir (immunocompromised, adults, neonates)

Calamine lotion/antihistamines for itching

Children should stay off school and away from pregnant women

33
Q

What are the complications of chicken pox

A

Bacterial superinfection

Dehydration

Conjunctival lesions

Pneumonia

Encephalitis

Shingles

Ramsay Hunt syndrome

34
Q

What is hand, foot and mouth disease

A

Due to coxsackie A virus

3-5 day incubation

35
Q

How might a patient with hand, foot and mouth disease present

A

Viral upper respiratory tract infections

After 1-2 days, small mouth ulcers

Blistering red spots across body

Spots most noticeable on hands, feet and mouth

Can be itchy

36
Q

What is the management for hand, foot and mouth disease

A

No treatment

Resolves in 10 days

Supportive management

37
Q

What are the complications of hand, foot and mouth disease

A

Dehydration

Bacterial superinfection

Encephalitis

38
Q

What is molluscum contagiosum

A

Due to poxvirus

Direct contact spread

39
Q

How might a patient with molluscum contagiosum present

A

Rash

Small, flush-coloured papules

Have central dimpling

Appear in crops

40
Q

What is the management for molluscum contagiosum

A

Spontaneously resolves (can take 18 months for papules to disappear)

Antibiotics if have bacterial superinfection

Surgical removal of papules

41
Q

How might a patient with pityriasis rosea present

A

Characteristic herald patch rash

Faint red, scaly, oval lesions

Usually on torso

Follow lines of ribs

General flu-like symptoms

42
Q

What is the management for pityriasis rosea

A

Usually resolves in 3 months

Not contagious (can carry on with normal activity)

43
Q

What is seborrhoeic dermatitis

A

Inflammatory skin condition affecting sebaceous glands

Can cause cradle cap

Due to malassezia yeast

44
Q

What is infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis

A

Cradle cap

Crusty, flaking skin

Usually resolves by 4 months

Management: baby oil, white petroleum jelly, anti-fungal creams

45
Q

What is seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp

A

Get dandruff

Management: ketoconazole shampoo, topical steroids

46
Q

What is ringworm

A

Fungal infection of skin

Aka tinea

47
Q

How might a patient with ringworm present

A

Itchy, erythematous, scally, demarcated rash

Ring shaped area, spreads outwards

48
Q

What is the management for ringworm

A

Antifungal creams/shampoos

Oral antifungals

Advice: wear loose clothing, keep area clean and dry, avoid sharing towels, avoid scratching and spreading to other areas

49
Q

What is nappy rash

A

Contact dermatitis in nappy area

Due to: friction between skin and nappy, contact with urine and faeces

Most common at 9-12 months

50
Q

What are the risk factors for nappy rash

A

Delayed nappy changing

Irritant soaps

Vigorous cleaning

Certain types of nappies (poorly absorb)

Diarrhoea

Oral antibiotics

Pre-term babies

51
Q

What is the management for nappy rash

A

Switch to highly absorbent nappies

Change nappies asap

Water or gentle products for cleaning

Make sure area dry before putting nappy on

Maximise time not wearing a nappy

52
Q

What are the complications of nappy rash

A

Candida infection

Cellulitis

Erosion or ulceration of skin

53
Q

What are scabies

A

Mites that burrow under skin

Cause skin infection and intense itching

Up to 8 weeks before rash appears

54
Q

How might a patient with scabies present

A

Itchy, small red spots

Possible track marks (usually between fingers)

55
Q

What is the management for scabies

A

Permethrin cream (cover whole body, leave for 8-12 hours then wash off, repeat after 1 week)

56
Q

What is the management for headlice

A

Dimeticone 4% lotion: leave on for 8 hours, wash off, repeat in 1 week

Fine comb (systemically comb lice out)

57
Q

What are the differentials for a non-blanching rash

A

Meningococcal septicaemia

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Acute leukaemia

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Viral illness

58
Q

What are the investigations for non-blanching rashes

A

Bloods

Blood cultures

Lumbar puncture

Blood pressure

Urine dip

59
Q

What is erythema nodosum

A

Red lumps on shins

Due to inflammation of subcutaneous fat

A hypersensitivity reaction

Causes: streptococcal throat infection, gastroenteritis, mycoplasma pneumonia, TB, pregnancy, medications (COCP, NSAIDs), inflammatory bowel disease, sarcoidosis, lymphoma, leukaemia

60
Q

What are the investigations for erythema nodosum

A

Bloods

Throat swab

Chest X-ray

Stool microscopy and culture

Faecal calprotectin

61
Q

What is the management for erythema nodosum

A

Rest and fluids

Consider steroids

Most resolve in 6 weeks

62
Q

What is impetigo

A

Superficial bacterial skin infection

Usually due to staph aureus

Get a ‘golden crust’ appearance

Contagious (keep off school)

Non-bullous: around nose and mouth, treat with topical fusidic acid, antiseptic cream, oral flucloxacillin

Bullous: in < 2s, fever and generally unwell, treat with flucloxacillin

63
Q

What are the complications of impetigo

A

Cellulitis

Sepsis

Scarring

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Staph scalded skin syndrome

Scarlet fever

64
Q

What is staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

A

Staph aureus that produces epidermolytic toxins (protease enzymes)

Usually in < 5s

65
Q

How might a patient with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome present

A

Generalised patches of erythema on skin

Skin becomes thin and wrinkled

Formation of bullae (burst and leave sores, erythematous skin below)

Nikolsky sign: gently rubbing skin causes it to peel away

66
Q

What is the management for staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

A

IV antibiotics

67
Q

What is Steven-Johnson syndrome

A

Disproportionate immune response causes epidermal necrosis

Blistering and shedding of top layer of skin

68
Q

What are the causes of Steven-Johnson syndrome

A

Medications: anti-epileptics, antibiotics, allopurinol, NSAIDs

Infections: herpes, mycoplasma pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus, HIV

69
Q

How might a patient with Steven-Johnson syndrome present

A

Fever, cough, sore throat, sore mouth, sore eyes, itchy skin

Purple/red rash spreading across skin

Skin starts to blister

Skin breaks away and leaves raw tissue underneath

70
Q

What is the management for Steven-Johnson syndrome

A

Supportive care

Steroids

Immunoglobulins

Immunosuppressants

71
Q

What are the complications of Steven-Johnson syndrome

A

Secondary infection

Permanent skin damage

Visual compromise

Paeds (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions