Dermatology Flashcards
Flat, discolored spot on the skin < 1 cm diameter
Example: freckle
Describe this lesion…
Macule
Localized elevation of the skin that is often accompanied by pruritis.
Example: mosquito bite
Describe this lesion…
Wheal
Solid, circumscribed, elevated area of the skin < 1 cm diameter.
Example: small pimple
Describe this lesion…
Papule
A larger papule; > 1 cm diameter.
Example: acne vulgaris
Describe this lesion…
Nodule
Small, elevated, circumscribed, pus-filled lesion < 1 cm diameter
Example: whitehead
Describe this lesion…
Pustule
This lesion eats/gnaws away at tissue causing a depression of the skin
Example: not given because it would give away the answer
Describe this lesion…
Ulcer or erosion
A dry, serous/seropurulent, brown, yellow, red, or green exudation seen in secondary lesions.
Example: eczema
Describe this lesion…
Crust
Thin, dry flake of confined epithelial cells.
Example: psoriasis
Describe this lesion
Scale
Crack-like slit that extends into the dermis.
Example: athlete’s foot
Describe that lesion…
Fissure
Which dermatologic therapy is ultra-hydrating to the skin, is fast absorbing, is cosmetically pleasing, and is better for dry skin?
Creams
What dermatologic therapy has a jelly-like consistency, is transparent, is fast-drying/absorbent, and useful in hairy areas?
Gels
What dermatologic therapy is more lubricating, occlusive, more potent, and helps seal moisture to the skin?
Ointments
What dermatologic therapy has a high water content, is non-greasy, least occlusive, and better for oily skin?
Lotions
What dermatologic therapy is the better choice to use on scalps?
Foams, mousses, or shampoos
What dermatologic therapy is a mixture of powder and ointment, improves porosity (breathability), has a thick consistency, and is difficult to rub from the skin?
Pastes
Which d/o of the hair and nails is associated with systemic diseases i.e. lupus, iron deficiency anemia, thyroid disease, vitamin D deficiency etc.?
Non-scarring alopecia (androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata)
Which d/o of the hair and nails occurs following any type of trauma or inflammation that may scar hair follicles i.e. chemical/physical trauma, infections (bacteria, fungus, viral) or excessive radiation therapy?
Scarring alopecia
This is often irreversible and permanent hair loss
Most common form of alopecia due to a combination of hormones (androgen) and genetic predisposition:
Androgenetic alopecia
Men: experience balding from the crown backward
Women: experience balding that widens from the hair part.
What is the treatment for men with androgenetic alopecia?
Minoxidil 5% topical (OTC)
Finasteride (Propecia) 1 mg q.d.
What is the treatment for women with androgenetic alopecia?
Minoxidil topical
Finasteride 2.5 mg q.d. (non-childbearing/postmenopausal)
Premenopausal: Labs (testosterone, iron studies, vit D levels, thyroid function test, complete blood count)
Which d/o of the hair and nails is autoimmune, has an onset triggered by viral infection, emotional/physical stressors, or trauma/hormonal changes, and is characterized by a bald patch or thinning hair loss?
Alopecia areata
What is the treatment for alopecia areata?
Intralesional corticosteroids (severe form) Topical or systemic steroids, immunotherapy
Note: Usually self-limiting with complete regrowth of hair in 80% of cases
Note: Relapse is common with medication discontinuation
Which d/o of the hair and nails is caused by the fungi tinea unguium?
Onychomycosis
What are the causes of onychomycosis?
Untreated toenail (tinea pedis) or hand (tinea manuum) infections, injury to the nail bed, and inflammatory disease of the nail.
