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Clinical Medicine > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Flat, discolored spot on the skin < 1 cm diameter

Example: freckle

Describe this lesion…

A

Macule

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2
Q

Localized elevation of the skin that is often accompanied by pruritis.

Example: mosquito bite

Describe this lesion…

A

Wheal

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3
Q

Solid, circumscribed, elevated area of the skin < 1 cm diameter.

Example: small pimple

Describe this lesion…

A

Papule

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4
Q

A larger papule; > 1 cm diameter.

Example: acne vulgaris

Describe this lesion…

A

Nodule

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5
Q

Small, elevated, circumscribed, pus-filled lesion < 1 cm diameter

Example: whitehead

Describe this lesion…

A

Pustule

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6
Q

This lesion eats/gnaws away at tissue causing a depression of the skin

Example: not given because it would give away the answer

Describe this lesion…

A

Ulcer or erosion

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7
Q

A dry, serous/seropurulent, brown, yellow, red, or green exudation seen in secondary lesions.

Example: eczema

Describe this lesion…

A

Crust

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8
Q

Thin, dry flake of confined epithelial cells.

Example: psoriasis

Describe this lesion

A

Scale

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9
Q

Crack-like slit that extends into the dermis.

Example: athlete’s foot

Describe that lesion…

A

Fissure

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10
Q

Which dermatologic therapy is ultra-hydrating to the skin, is fast absorbing, is cosmetically pleasing, and is better for dry skin?

A

Creams

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11
Q

What dermatologic therapy has a jelly-like consistency, is transparent, is fast-drying/absorbent, and useful in hairy areas?

A

Gels

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12
Q

What dermatologic therapy is more lubricating, occlusive, more potent, and helps seal moisture to the skin?

A

Ointments

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13
Q

What dermatologic therapy has a high water content, is non-greasy, least occlusive, and better for oily skin?

A

Lotions

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14
Q

What dermatologic therapy is the better choice to use on scalps?

A

Foams, mousses, or shampoos

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15
Q

What dermatologic therapy is a mixture of powder and ointment, improves porosity (breathability), has a thick consistency, and is difficult to rub from the skin?

A

Pastes

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16
Q

Which d/o of the hair and nails is associated with systemic diseases i.e. lupus, iron deficiency anemia, thyroid disease, vitamin D deficiency etc.?

A

Non-scarring alopecia (androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata)

17
Q

Which d/o of the hair and nails occurs following any type of trauma or inflammation that may scar hair follicles i.e. chemical/physical trauma, infections (bacteria, fungus, viral) or excessive radiation therapy?

A

Scarring alopecia

This is often irreversible and permanent hair loss

18
Q

Most common form of alopecia due to a combination of hormones (androgen) and genetic predisposition:

A

Androgenetic alopecia

Men: experience balding from the crown backward

Women: experience balding that widens from the hair part.

19
Q

What is the treatment for men with androgenetic alopecia?

A

Minoxidil 5% topical (OTC)

Finasteride (Propecia) 1 mg q.d.

20
Q

What is the treatment for women with androgenetic alopecia?

A

Minoxidil topical
Finasteride 2.5 mg q.d. (non-childbearing/postmenopausal)
Premenopausal: Labs (testosterone, iron studies, vit D levels, thyroid function test, complete blood count)

21
Q

Which d/o of the hair and nails is autoimmune, has an onset triggered by viral infection, emotional/physical stressors, or trauma/hormonal changes, and is characterized by a bald patch or thinning hair loss?

A

Alopecia areata

22
Q

What is the treatment for alopecia areata?

A 
Intralesional corticosteroids (severe form)
Topical or systemic steroids, immunotherapy

Note: Usually self-limiting with complete regrowth of hair in 80% of cases

Note: Relapse is common with medication discontinuation

23
Q

Which d/o of the hair and nails is caused by the fungi tinea unguium?

A

Onychomycosis

24
Q

What are the causes of onychomycosis?

A

Untreated toenail (tinea pedis) or hand (tinea manuum) infections, injury to the nail bed, and inflammatory disease of the nail.

25
Q

What diagnostic test(s) is/are used to diagnose onychomycosis?

A

Nail clippings in 10% KOH solution

Microscopic view of hyphae

26
Q

What is the treatment for onychomycosis?

A

Terbinafine 250 mg qd x 6 weeks (toenail infection). Monitor LFT
Griseofulvin 250 mg TID x 6 months (fingernail infection)

Note: This is long-term, systemic therapy and the disease has a high rate of recurrence.

Clinical Medicine (1 decks)

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