Dermatologic Pharmacology

Question 1

what layer of skin is hardest to get through?

Answer 1

stratum corneum. it is rate limiting step for drug absorption

Question 2

how does topical drug absorption occur?

Answer 2

passive diffusion

Question 3

monophasic vehicles

Answer 3

powders, greases, liquids

Question 4

biphasic solutions

Answer 4

lotions: liquid + powder
paste: Ointment + powder
creams: grease + liquid

Question 5

gels

Answer 5

allow for greater penetration than lotions. good for hairy areas. liquid suspended in a mesh

Question 6

pastes

Answer 6

useful for treating ulcers and chronic dermatoses.

Question 7

aerosol

Answer 7

colloid system in which solid or liquid particles are suspended in a gas. sprayed in a fine mist

Question 8

foam

Answer 8

formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or a solid.

Question 9

DNA adduct

Answer 9

a piece of DNA covalently bonded to a cancer causing chemical. can be formed by UV therapy

Question 10

sun screen

Answer 10

absorbs UV rays and prevents sun penetration through skin

Question 11

SPF

Answer 11

ratio of time require to produce minimal erythema when a sunscreen plroduct has been applied compared to the time require to produce the same amount of erythema without the sunscreen. so if you take 20 minutes to get red, and use SPF 15, it would take 5 hours to get red (15 times)

Question 12

how often should you reapply sunscreen?

Answer 12

every 2 hours

Question 13

TNF-alpha

Answer 13

produced by activated cells of the immune system. up regulates additional cytokines leading to stimulation of the production of metalloproteinases that are involved in bone and cartillage distruction