Dermatologic Disease Flashcards
Stratum Germinativum
(epidermis basal layer)
Single layer of dividing cells that give rise to all epithelial cells
Stratum Spinosum
(epidermis squamous layer)
Layer of keratinocytes that mature and acquire keratin as they are pushed toward the surface
Stratum Granulosum
(epidermis granular layer)
Thin layer that acquires large basophilic granules called keratohyalin
Stratum Corneum
(epidermis)
Composed of orthokeratin (w/o nuclei)
Rete Ridges
(epidermis)
Epithelial projections that anchor epithelium to underlying CT
Basement Membrane
(dermis)
Reticulum fibers that act as a scaffold for epidermis
Papillary Dermis
(dermis)
Loose collagen and elastin directly below the rete ridges
Reticular Dermis
(dermis)
Dense structural collagen
Hair follicles
(adnexal structures (next to/joined with) skin)
All locations except palms and soles
Sebaceous glands
(adnexal structures (next to/joined with) skin)
Oil glands accompanying each hair follicle and in other locations w/o hair (mucosa) - lubricates hair and antibacterial
Arrector pili muscles
(adnexal structures (next to/joined with) skin)
Smooth muscles that attaches to hair follicle
Eccrine sweat glands
(adnexal structures (next to/joined with) skin)
All locations - thermoregulators
Apocrine sweat glands
(adnexal structures (next to/joined with) skin)
Under arms
Epidermal melanocytes
Clear cells living in the basal layer
Dermal melanocytes
Spindly cells living in papillary dermis
Langerhans cells
Dendritic histiocytic antigen processing cells living in stratum spinosum
Merkel cells
Receptors for light touch - live in the basal layer
List the types of flat lesions
Macule
Patch
List the types of raised (exophytic) lesions
-Plaque
-Papule
-Nodule
-Tumor/mass
-Vesicle
-Bulla
-Postule
-Sessile
-Pedunculated
-Papillary
Macule
any change in shape or color that is <1.0cm
Patch
any change in shape or color that is >1.0cm
Plaque
Slightly elevated lesion with large area
Papule
solid, <0.5cm
Nodule
solid, >0.5cm (sessile vs. pedunculated)
Tumor/mass
non-specific for any large, solid lesion
Vesicle
fluid-filled elevation <0.5cm
Bulla
fluid-filled elevation >0.5cm
Postule
pus-filled elevation of any size (yellow fluid)
Sessile
arising on a broad base
Pedunculated
arising on a stalk or pedicle that is narrower than the lesion
Papillary
lesion composed of multiple fronds or projections (may be sessile or pedunculated)
List the types of depressed lesions
-Fissure
-Atrophy
-Erosion
-Ulcer
-Scar
Fissure
linear cleavage of mucosa
Atrophy
thinning of the mucosa (red)
Erosion
depressed lesion, incomplete loss of mucosa (red)
Ulcer
complete loss of mucosa (dark yellowish)
Scar
result of injury causing mucosal atrophy or hypertrophy with increased underlying collagen
Hyperparakeratosis
thickened parakeratin
Hyperorthokeratosis
thickened orthokeratin
Hypergranulosis
thickened granular cell layer (accompanies hyperorthokeratosis, never parakeratosis)