Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

7006PHM Prof Pharm II > Dermatitis and Eczema > Flashcards

Dermatitis and Eczema Flashcards

1
Q

What are the exogenous classifications of dermatitis?

A

*caused by external agents

Irritant contact dermatitis

Allergic contact dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the endogenous classifications of dermatitis?

A

*no external cause, presumed to be due to internal pre-disposition

Atopic dermatitis

Seborrhoeic

Discoid

Asteatotic

Pompolyx/dyshidrotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Outline the characteristics of irritant contact dermatitis

A

most common

Due to freq exposure to chemicals or substances which damage skin (soap, dripple, spit, detergents, water)

Chronic = very dry, thickened, cracking skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Discuss napkin dermatitis

A

Common in infants/toddlers

Grow out of it when nappies stopped

Can be more atopic than irritant

complicated by secondary candida infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Discuss the characteristics of allergic contract dermatitis

A

True allergy, patch test confirms allergy

Occurs in unusual patterns related to contact with allergen, can extend beyond contact area

e.g. plasters, watch band, plant contact, rubber gloves, nickel earrings, jean stud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is asteatotic dermatitis?

A

common in elderly, typically lower legs

Characterised by very dry, flaking skin which splits = cracked dermatitis, carving paving appearance

Worse in winter (low humidity), soaps, household heading, other drying agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When is atopic dermatitis more common?

A

Infancy/childhood

Genetic predisposition (atopy)

Worse in winter, relapsing chronic condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Outline the characteristics of atopic dermatitis/eczema

A

Red scaly eruption which can be weeping and encrusted in acute phase = flextures, cheeks - young children

Chronic scratching (intense itch) and rubbing

Prone to infections = itchy = dry, split skin

Cycle = infection —> worsen eczema –> more treatment resistant (abx required)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Outline the characteristics of discoid dermatitis

A

Round, disc-like lesions, clearly demarcated, intensely itchy, erythematous, scaling lesions

Confused with tinea/ring worm

Tend to be acute, weeping, develop secondary infection

Anywhere on trunk and limbs, not common on head and neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Outline the characteristics of dyshidrotic/pompholyx dermatitis

A

Small vesicles (blisters w/ clear fluid), intensely itchy, burning feeling, sore

Affects hands and sometimes feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the difference between dyshidrotic and pompholyx dermatitis?

A

Pompholyx is a severe form = peeling, flaky skin, vesicles, similar to fungal infections –> stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some non-pharm treatments for dermatitis?

A

Avoid precipitating factors

Avoid scratching

Bath every 2nd day

Pat skin dry, dont rub

Keep skin cool

occlusions or wet dressings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some OTC/S3 treatments of dermatitis?

A

Soap substitutes

Emollients/moisturisers

Anti-histamines

Tar/Ichtammol

Topical corticosteroids (hydrocortisone, clobetasone, mometasone furoate)

Probiotics

Colloidal oatmeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Discuss the use of tar preparations in dermatitis treatment

A

Exact MOA unknown –> reduce epidermal thickness, antipruritic/antiseptic

Compliance = challenge (odour, stains)

Photosensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Generally highlight the effects of topical corticosteroids in treatment of dermatitis

A

Relieve redness, itching, inflammation

Choose potency appropriate to site and severity

Use for short time necessary to control skin disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Discuss the use of hydrocortisone in treatment of dermatitis

A

Mildly potent = treat flare ups

Available combined with antifungals or local anaesthetics

17
Q

How often should topical corticosteroids be applied for dermatitis?

A

Apply to affected area/s up to tds

Most applied bd except clobetesol, methylprednisolone, and mometasone (od)

18
Q

Discuss the use of clobetasone in dermatitis treatment (how often apply)

A

More potent than hydrocortisone

Apply bd to affected area/s

19
Q

How often should mometasone furoate be applied to treat dermatitis?

A

Od to affected area/s

20
Q

Which topical corticosteroids dont have dosing freq of “bd”?

A

clobetasol

mometasone

methylprednisolone

All above applied od

21
Q

What are finger tip units? (FTU)

A

Used to measure the application of topical corticosteroids

1FTU = cover twice the size of flat adult hand (fingers together)

Man FTU = 0.5g
Female FTU =0.4g

22
Q

How many finger tip units cover the neck and face of an adult?

A

2.5 FTU

23
Q

How many finger tip units cover the chest and abdomen (combined) of an adult?

A

7 FTU

24
Q

How many finger tip units cover a single arm of an adult?

A

3 FTU

25
Q

How many finger tip units cover the back and buttocks (combined) of an adult?

A

7 FTU

26
Q

How many finger tip units cover the hand of an adult?

A

1 FTU

27
Q

How many finger tip units cover the leg (single) of an adult?

A

6 FTU

28
Q

What are some other prescription treatments for atopic dermatitis?

A

Calcineurin inhibitors = inhibitor of inflam cytokines –> block T cell activation, prevent inflam mediators

- 2nd line if topical SAIDs don't work, >3 months old, req sun protection

Crisaborole = PDE-4 inhibitor –> reduces secretion of cytokines

- mild - moderate atopic dermatitis in patient >2 yrs and above
29
Q

How often should Calcineurin inhibitors and Crisaborole be applied to treat dermatitis/eczema?

A

Crisaborole = used bd for up to 28 days/course

Calcineurin inhibitor = bd. 3-6 weeks depending on age

30
Q

What immunosuppressants are used for atopic dermatitis?

A

Methotrexate

Ciclosporin

Azathioprine

mycophenolate

prednisolone

31
Q

What biological agents are used to treat Atopic dermatitis? (-mab, -tinibs)

A

Dupilumab = immune cases, sub-cut

Upadacitinib = JAK inhibitor –> suppress immune system (moderate, severe atopic dermatitis)

Baricitinib = JAK inhibitor, moderate or severe atopic dermatitis

32
Q

Outline some referral points for dermatitis

A

Secondary bacterial infection present/exists

Serious underlying disease (diabetes)

Large/extensive area/s, moist and/or bleeding

Correct differential diagnosis = patch test, if eczema treatment recommended (esp in presence of topical steroid)

33
Q

What are some precipitating factors for dermatitis?

A

Allergens = house dust mites, grass, animal dander

Soaps, detergents, perfumes

Shampoos = avoid sodium lauryl sulfate and/or washing/rinsing hair over a basin

Sweating can increase itch

34
Q

What are some lifestyle changes for dermatitis?

A

Manage and control itch

Avoid precipitating factors

Maintain skin integrity

35
Q

What are some differential diagnoses for dermatitis/eczema?

A

Tinea - active outer, red scaling edge and clear centre. Tines not typically itchy

Psoriasis - thickened plaques w/ diffuse silver scale on extensors of knees and elbows. Both itchy and affect palms and soles
- dermatitis is typically on opposite side, will be on flextures

7006PHM Prof Pharm II (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions