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OS 203 > Derma Trans 4 > Flashcards

Derma Trans 4 Flashcards

1
Q

From which germ layer/s is the skin derived from?

A

Ectoderm - epidermis (10-12 days EAG)

Mesoderm - dermis (18-19 days EAG)

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2
Q

What gives rise to melanocytes and nerves in the skin?

A

Neuroectoderm

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3
Q

How long is keratinization?

A

14-31 days - Adults

22-24 weeks - Fetus

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4
Q

At what EAG week does surface ectoderm develop into a single cuboidal cell layer (mitotically active)

A

Week 4-5

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5
Q

At what EAG week does periderm covers the single cuboidal cell layer?

A

Week 5-6

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6
Q

At what EAG week does the germinative layer give rise to the intermediate layer and the stratified squamous epithelium begins to form?

A

Week 8-10

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7
Q

At what EAG week is the epidermis almost complete, with the layers already present?

A

Week 12

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8
Q

What is the main energy source of fetal keratinocytes?

A

Glycogen

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9
Q

What other cells does the mesoderm give rise to?

A

Fibroblasts
Endothelial and perithelial cells
Myocytes
Mast Cells

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10
Q

What constitutes the ground substance of the dermis?

A

Hyaluronic acid
Chondroitin sulfate
Dermatan sulfate

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11
Q

What fibers are found in the dermis?

A

Collagen fibers - tensile strength

Elastic fibers - elasticity

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12
Q

What constitutes the embryonal dermis?

A

Stellate mesenchymal cells suspended in a matrix of acid mucopolysaccharides

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13
Q

What EAG week do the following occur

Collagen fibers develop

Collagen bundles develop

Elastic fibers develop

A

6

12

24

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14
Q

Up to when is a baby considered a neonate?

A

First 30 days

Infant na after

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15
Q

What is the accumulation of elastin fibers in the dermis due to prolonged exposure to sunlight?

A

Photoaging

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16
Q

T/F

Newborns skin has less intercellular attachments and melanosomes

A

T

Photosensitivity

Less equipped to handle thermal stress and sunlight (bec less melanosomes and thinner skin)

Increased TEWL

Increased penetration of toxic substances and medications

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17
Q

T/F

Newborn skin lacks desmosomes and hemidesmosomes

A

T

Increased tendency to develop blisters

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18
Q

Grayish white greasy film after birth

A

Vernix caseosa

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19
Q

Vernix caseosa dries up and leaves erythematous skin

A

Erythema neonatorum

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20
Q

Blotchy or lace like pattern of erythema

A

Mottling and cutis marmorata

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21
Q

What is the immature autonomic control of cutaneous vascular plexus associated with cutis marmorata

A

Vasomotor instability

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22
Q

Bluish discoloration on palms and soles and around mouth

Newborn skin

A

Acrocyanosis

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23
Q

Sharp longitudinal midline demarcation of the body observed when infant is placed on its side

A

Harlequin color change

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24
Q

What reflects immaturity of the hypothalamic center?

A

Harlequin color change

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25
Q

2mm white globular papules representing benign, superficial, epidermal inclusion cysts

(Newborn skin)

A

Milia

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26
Q

Milia in oral cavity

1-2mm yellowish white keratinous cysts

Alveolar ridge or palate

A

Epstein’s Pearls

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27
Q

Multiple <1 mm yellowish macules or papules (nose and forehead)

A

Sebaceous gland hyperplasia

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28
Q

Reflects maternal androgen stimulation of sebaceous glands

A

Sebaceous gland hyperplasia

29
Q

Heat rash

Eccrine gland occlusion

Erythematous papules or papulopustules

Bungang araw

A

Miliaria rubra

30
Q

Heat rash

Eccrine gland occlusion

Minute superficial subcorneal vesicles

A

Miliaria crystallina

31
Q

Caused by intrauterine sucking

A

Sucking blisters

32
Q

Gradual or sudden hair loss

Spontaneous resolution after 6 months

A

Telogen effluvium

33
Q

Skin care considerations

A

Skin barrier property

Transcutaneous absorption

TEWL

Full term vs premature infants

34
Q

Period where secondary sex characteristics manifest

A

Puberty

35
Q

Early stage of sexual maturity at around 10-14 y.o.

A

Adrenarche

36
Q

Overproduction of estrogens and androgens (in females?)

A

Virilization

37
Q

Caused by increased sebum production

A

Acne vulgaris

38
Q

Excessive sweating (puberty)

A

Hyperhydrosis

39
Q

What gland has an odorless secretion and is stimulated by heat and stress?

A

Eccrine glands

40
Q

What gland secretes material that is degraded by bacteria to create an unpleasant odor?

A

Apocrine

41
Q

Scaling, flaking, dandruff

Can be due to:

Increased sebaceous gland activity
Immunological phenomenon
Colonization of /Malassezia sp./

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

42
Q

Type of aging that is inevitable

Gradual physiologic changes due to time, under genetic and hormonal

A

Intrinsic Aging

43
Q

Type of aging that is preventable

Caused by exogenous factors, primarily unprotected sun exposure

A

Extrinsic Aging

44
Q

Aka liver spots

Well defined hyperpigmented patches

A

Solar lentigines

45
Q

Bening papules or plaques

Highly variable in color

Waxy or wart like

Single or multiple

A

Seborrheic keratoses

46
Q

Small seborrheic keratosis

Morgan Freeman?

A

Dermatosis papulosa nigra

47
Q

Small circular or oval red papules

A

Senile angiomas

Aka cherry angiomas

48
Q

Enumerate the 3 malignant geriatric skin lesions

A

Squamous cell cancer (SCC)

Basal cell cancer (BCC)

Malignant melanoma

49
Q

Decreased sebaceous and sweat gland activity

Impaired filaggrin production

Basta dry skin

A

Xerosis

50
Q

Xerosis complicated by dermatitis

A

Asteatotic eczema

51
Q

Itchy skin

Concurrent with xerosis

A

Pruritus

52
Q

Ecchymoses formation on sun exposed extensor surfaces of arms or hands

Old people ito ah

A

Senile purpura

53
Q

Accentuation of normally pigmented regions

Pregnant women

A

Hyperpigmentation

54
Q

Cause of hyperpigmentation

A

Increased estrogen and progesterone receptor sensitivity

55
Q

Darkened streak on anterior abdominal wall

A

Linea nigra

56
Q

“Mask of pregnancy”

Symmetric, blotchy, irregular but sharply marginated, non-elevated light to dark brown hyperpigmented patch on face

A

Melasma (chloasma)

57
Q

Skin atrophy where epidermis is intact, but underlying tissues are missing

Linear atrophic patches

A

Striae distensae / gravidarum

Stretch marks

58
Q

Flesh colored or hyperpigmented

Pedunculated papules

Small (5mm)

Pregnant ulit ito

A

Molluscum fibrosum gravidarum

59
Q

Molluscum fibrosum gravidarum but for non-pregnant people (usually obese)

A

Acrochordon

60
Q

3 hair stages

A

Anagen

Catagen

Telogen

61
Q

Mild to moderate hair growth in unwanted areas

Pregnant

A

Hirsutism

62
Q

Late pregnancy: thickened, luxuriant hair (shift in the phase of hair follicles)

Postpartum: increased hair shedding

A

Telogen effluvium

63
Q

Mild fronto-parietal recession

Diffuse hair thinning

A

Mild hypotrichosis

Pattern baldness

64
Q

Enumerate the nail changes during pregnancy

A 
Accentuated nail growth
Increased brittleness and softening
Distal onycholysis
Subungual keratosis
Transverse grooves
65
Q

Changes in glandular activity during pregnancy (increase or decrease)

  1. Sebaceous gland
  2. Eccrine gland
  3. Apocrine gland
A

Inc
Inc
Dec

66
Q

Enlarged sebaceous glands

A

Montgomery tubercles

67
Q

Blanching maculopapular red angiomas

Single central pulsating arteriole with many fine radiating branches beneath epidermis

(Pregnant women)

A

Vascular spiders /

Spider angiomatas

68
Q

Diffuse mottling of entire palm with cyanosis and pallor

Erythema on bulging surface of palms

(Pregnant)

A

Palmar erythema

69
Q

Leg veins, pain, thrombosis

Hemorrhoids: pain, bleeding, thrombus

(Pregnant)

A

Varicosities, hemorrhoids

OS 203 (1 decks)

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