Derma Trans 4 Flashcards
From which germ layer/s is the skin derived from?
Ectoderm - epidermis (10-12 days EAG)
Mesoderm - dermis (18-19 days EAG)
What gives rise to melanocytes and nerves in the skin?
Neuroectoderm
How long is keratinization?
14-31 days - Adults
22-24 weeks - Fetus
At what EAG week does surface ectoderm develop into a single cuboidal cell layer (mitotically active)
Week 4-5
At what EAG week does periderm covers the single cuboidal cell layer?
Week 5-6
At what EAG week does the germinative layer give rise to the intermediate layer and the stratified squamous epithelium begins to form?
Week 8-10
At what EAG week is the epidermis almost complete, with the layers already present?
Week 12
What is the main energy source of fetal keratinocytes?
Glycogen
What other cells does the mesoderm give rise to?
Fibroblasts
Endothelial and perithelial cells
Myocytes
Mast Cells
What constitutes the ground substance of the dermis?
Hyaluronic acid
Chondroitin sulfate
Dermatan sulfate
What fibers are found in the dermis?
Collagen fibers - tensile strength
Elastic fibers - elasticity
What constitutes the embryonal dermis?
Stellate mesenchymal cells suspended in a matrix of acid mucopolysaccharides
What EAG week do the following occur
Collagen fibers develop
Collagen bundles develop
Elastic fibers develop
6
12
24
Up to when is a baby considered a neonate?
First 30 days
Infant na after
What is the accumulation of elastin fibers in the dermis due to prolonged exposure to sunlight?
Photoaging
T/F
Newborns skin has less intercellular attachments and melanosomes
T
Photosensitivity
Less equipped to handle thermal stress and sunlight (bec less melanosomes and thinner skin)
Increased TEWL
Increased penetration of toxic substances and medications
T/F
Newborn skin lacks desmosomes and hemidesmosomes
T
Increased tendency to develop blisters
Grayish white greasy film after birth
Vernix caseosa
Vernix caseosa dries up and leaves erythematous skin
Erythema neonatorum
Blotchy or lace like pattern of erythema
Mottling and cutis marmorata
What is the immature autonomic control of cutaneous vascular plexus associated with cutis marmorata
Vasomotor instability
Bluish discoloration on palms and soles and around mouth
Newborn skin
Acrocyanosis
Sharp longitudinal midline demarcation of the body observed when infant is placed on its side
Harlequin color change
What reflects immaturity of the hypothalamic center?
Harlequin color change
2mm white globular papules representing benign, superficial, epidermal inclusion cysts
(Newborn skin)
Milia
Milia in oral cavity
1-2mm yellowish white keratinous cysts
Alveolar ridge or palate
Epstein’s Pearls
Multiple <1 mm yellowish macules or papules (nose and forehead)
Sebaceous gland hyperplasia
Reflects maternal androgen stimulation of sebaceous glands
Sebaceous gland hyperplasia
Heat rash
Eccrine gland occlusion
Erythematous papules or papulopustules
Bungang araw
Miliaria rubra
Heat rash
Eccrine gland occlusion
Minute superficial subcorneal vesicles
Miliaria crystallina
Caused by intrauterine sucking
Sucking blisters
Gradual or sudden hair loss
Spontaneous resolution after 6 months
Telogen effluvium
Skin care considerations
Skin barrier property
Transcutaneous absorption
TEWL
Full term vs premature infants
Period where secondary sex characteristics manifest
Puberty
Early stage of sexual maturity at around 10-14 y.o.
Adrenarche
Overproduction of estrogens and androgens (in females?)
Virilization
Caused by increased sebum production
Acne vulgaris
Excessive sweating (puberty)
Hyperhydrosis
What gland has an odorless secretion and is stimulated by heat and stress?
Eccrine glands
What gland secretes material that is degraded by bacteria to create an unpleasant odor?
Apocrine
Scaling, flaking, dandruff
Can be due to:
Increased sebaceous gland activity
Immunological phenomenon
Colonization of /Malassezia sp./
Seborrheic dermatitis
Type of aging that is inevitable
Gradual physiologic changes due to time, under genetic and hormonal
Intrinsic Aging
Type of aging that is preventable
Caused by exogenous factors, primarily unprotected sun exposure
Extrinsic Aging
Aka liver spots
Well defined hyperpigmented patches
Solar lentigines
Bening papules or plaques
Highly variable in color
Waxy or wart like
Single or multiple
Seborrheic keratoses
Small seborrheic keratosis
Morgan Freeman?
Dermatosis papulosa nigra
Small circular or oval red papules
Senile angiomas
Aka cherry angiomas
Enumerate the 3 malignant geriatric skin lesions
Squamous cell cancer (SCC)
Basal cell cancer (BCC)
Malignant melanoma
Decreased sebaceous and sweat gland activity
Impaired filaggrin production
Basta dry skin
Xerosis
Xerosis complicated by dermatitis
Asteatotic eczema
Itchy skin
Concurrent with xerosis
Pruritus
Ecchymoses formation on sun exposed extensor surfaces of arms or hands
Old people ito ah
Senile purpura
Accentuation of normally pigmented regions
Pregnant women
Hyperpigmentation
Cause of hyperpigmentation
Increased estrogen and progesterone receptor sensitivity
Darkened streak on anterior abdominal wall
Linea nigra
“Mask of pregnancy”
Symmetric, blotchy, irregular but sharply marginated, non-elevated light to dark brown hyperpigmented patch on face
Melasma (chloasma)
Skin atrophy where epidermis is intact, but underlying tissues are missing
Linear atrophic patches
Striae distensae / gravidarum
Stretch marks
Flesh colored or hyperpigmented
Pedunculated papules
Small (5mm)
Pregnant ulit ito
Molluscum fibrosum gravidarum
Molluscum fibrosum gravidarum but for non-pregnant people (usually obese)
Acrochordon
3 hair stages
Anagen
Catagen
Telogen
Mild to moderate hair growth in unwanted areas
Pregnant
Hirsutism
Late pregnancy: thickened, luxuriant hair (shift in the phase of hair follicles)
Postpartum: increased hair shedding
Telogen effluvium
Mild fronto-parietal recession
Diffuse hair thinning
Mild hypotrichosis
Pattern baldness
Enumerate the nail changes during pregnancy
Accentuated nail growth Increased brittleness and softening Distal onycholysis Subungual keratosis Transverse grooves
Changes in glandular activity during pregnancy (increase or decrease)
- Sebaceous gland
- Eccrine gland
- Apocrine gland
Inc
Inc
Dec
Enlarged sebaceous glands
Montgomery tubercles
Blanching maculopapular red angiomas
Single central pulsating arteriole with many fine radiating branches beneath epidermis
(Pregnant women)
Vascular spiders /
Spider angiomatas
Diffuse mottling of entire palm with cyanosis and pallor
Erythema on bulging surface of palms
(Pregnant)
Palmar erythema
Leg veins, pain, thrombosis
Hemorrhoids: pain, bleeding, thrombus
(Pregnant)
Varicosities, hemorrhoids
