DERMA TRANS 3 Flashcards by Kei Gabrielle Crisostomo

How much body weight (in percent) does the skin occupy?

15%

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TRUE or FALSE: The mouth is not part of the skin

FALSE

Skin includes the mucosal surfaces of the eye, mouth and anogenital regions

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What are the 8 functions of the skin

T(O)WNSHIPS

Thermoregulation
Window to the internal organs
Nutrition
Sensation
Hormone synthesis
Immune functions
Protection
Social interactions

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What hormone is synthesized by the photoconversion of cholesterol

Vitamin D (sunlight activated)

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TRUE or FALSE: The mammary glands are specialized sebaceous glands

FALSE: they are specialized sweat glands

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TRUE or FALSE: Excretion is a function of the skin

False. It is an old function pero not anymore

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What light do you need when doing physical examination and why

WHITE LIGHT, since yellow light may mask jaundice or erythematous areas

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What are the two types of lesions

Primary or elemental

Secondary Lesion

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It is a direct result of a skin or disease process acting on the skin

Primary lesion

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Which lesions are less than 1cm?

Macule
Papule
Vesicle
Pustule
Comedo
Milium

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Which lesions are flat?

Macule, Patch

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What is the difference between a vesicle and a pustule

Vesicle has CLEAR fluid, pustule has CLOUDY MATERIAL or PUS

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Type of secondary lesion with loss of tissue up to the dermis

Erosion

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Type of secondary lesion with loss of tissue beyond the dermis, possibly reaching muscle and bone

Ulcer

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Type of lesion which has a decrease in the mass of a tissue

Atrophy

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Secondary lesions with surface excavations of the skin resulting from incessant scratching

Excoriations

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Flat, plate like flake coming from the stratum corneum (Secondary lesion)

Scale

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Thickening of the epidermis secondary to continuous scratching or repeated trauma

Lichenification

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Original tissue is replaced by fibrous connective tissue, usually tough collagen

Scar

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Hardened deposits of blood, serum or exudate that dry up on the skin

Crust

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Linear loss of skin tissue due to excessive tension or dryness

Fissure

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What are the possible colors for lesions? (There are 8!)

Erythematous
Violaceous
Yellow
Brown
Blue
Black
Hypopigmentation
Depigmented

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This lesion color can be caused by the dilation of blood vessels

Erythematous

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This lesion color may have been caused by edema or inflammation so intense that there is RELATIVE TISSUE HYPOXIA

Violaceous

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This lesion color is usually secondary to deposition of fat

Yellow

Jaundice limited to conjunctiva

Icteric Sclera

localized accumulation of lipid deposits usually on or around the eyelids

Xanthelasma

Lesion color due to pigment deposition such as melanin or hemosiderin

Brown

Brown lesion common in women taking oral contraceptive pills

Melasma

Lesion color that can be secondary to melanocyte accumulation (ex: Nevus of Ota)

Blue

Lesion color that commonly involves melanocyte activity | May also be necrotic tissue

Black

Partial loss of skin color Condition improves as the patient gets older Ex: atopic dermatitis (skin asthma)

Hypopigmentation

Absence of skin color | Ex: Vitiligo

Depigmented

What are the four classifications of lesions by border

Well-defined Ill-defined Advancing borders Rolled

Clearly demarcated border, clear distinction between where the lesion ends and starts

Well-defined

Difficult to pinpoint exactly where lesion starts and ends

Ill-defined

Give a specific example of an infection that could have an ill-defined border

CELLULITIS: Bacterial infection that involves the deeper dermis and hypodermis Staphylococcus aureus infection

Type of border wherein border is raised in comparison to a flat central area; usually caused by fungal infections

Advancing borders

Type of border where border is indurated (hard), rolled (in xs) and undermined does not end on the ulcer)

Rolled

The rolled type of border is characteristic for what infection/illness/disease

Pyoderma gangrenosum (bluish to violaceous rolled border)

What are the diff classifications of lesions by shape and configuration? (8)

``` Round Annular Grouped Linear Reticular Arcuate Polycyclic Serpiginous ```

Shape and configuration when the central area is flat but the border is elevated

Annular

Shape and configuration w/c are arranged in clusters; can be observed in Herpes simplex infections

Grouped

Shape and configuration: straight line; formed in response to trauma or scratching “Koebner phenomenon”

Linear

Net like or lacy shape/configuration, common in vascular disorders or cutaneous connective tissue

Reticular

Shape/configuration thatlooks like an arc, usually from an incomplete annular shaped lesion

Arcuate

Shape/configuration that was formed from coalescing circles, rings or arcs

Polycyclic

Shape/configuration that is snake like

Serpiginous

The serpiginous shape/configuration is characteristic of what parasitic infection?

Cutaneous larva migrans (hookworm infection)

Distribution: isolated in one area

Localized

Distribution: found throughout the entire body

Generalized

Distribution: involves both sides of the body

Symmetric

Distribution: involves just one side of the body

Asymmetric

Lesion found on one side and does not cross the midline

Dermatomal

Areas where two skin areas may touch or rub together, lesions are located between the folds of the skin

Intertriginous

The intertriginous distribution is a pattern of what disease?

scabies

This pattern is when the lesions are found in areas not normally covered by clothing (ex: sunburns)

Photo Dermatitis pattern (Sun-exposed)

Notable lesions on the scalp, seborrheic areas, back, knees, elbows and extensor areas, fingernails ar crumbly

Psoriasis pattern

General redness of the body

Erythroderma

Distribution usually found in scalp and other seborrheic areas

Seborrheic dermatitis pattern (balakubak)

What could cause lesions on the palms and soles?

Drug reaction or secondary syphilis

Flat, even with the surface level of surrounding skin or membranes, perceptible as an area of color different from the surrounding skin; less that 1cm

Macule

Elevated or depressed lesion less than 1cm in diameter, not noticeable from 3 feet

Papule

What basic primary lesion do you have when you have melasma?

Macule

Macule greater than or equal to 1cm

Patch

Elevated lesion equal to or greater than 1cm

Plaque

Palpable lesion greater than 1cm with a deeper dermal component

Nodule

Solid, elevated lesion used to denote any mass (malignant or benign) more than 1cm

Tumor

Papule with clear fluid content, less than 1cm

Vesicle

Blister with fluid-fileld cavity or elevation more than 1cm

Bullae

Circumscribed, raised vesicle containing cloudy material

Pustule

A histological finding with a wall, needs to be cut open and biopsied

Cyst

What would you call a cyst if you’re only examining physically

Nodule

EVANESCENT papule, reddish/erythematous Can start as a papule and eventually form plaques Can look pale or whitish depending on the severity of the edema

Wheal | “Tagulabay” or “Pantal”

Papules leading to a linear or serpentine track which are characteristics of parasitic infection

Burrow

Where can you normally find burrows

Intertriginous areas between spaces of fingers and toes

Papules with finger like projections

Papilloma

A plug of sebum or keratin retained in a dilated pore

Comedo

What do you call an oxidized comedone? A non-oxidized comedone?

Whitehead

Comedones are special characteristics of what infection/disease?

Acne vulgaris

Whitish or yellowish papule that doesn’t have an opening to the surface

Milium

What do you call a larger version of Milium with an opening

Epidermal inclusion cyst

Superficial, small, dilated capillaries of the dermis | Wrong spelling wrong!!! :P

Telangiectasia

Extravasation of blood from cutaneous blood vessels to the dermis; pressure on the lesion does not cause blanching of the color

Purpura

Papule-like purpura, 1-2mm

Petechiae

5-10mm purpura

Ecchymoses

Purpura greater than 10mm

Hematoses

Papule with a central umbilication (“crater”) with some cnotents at the center,

Molluscum

What are the secondary lesions

``` Y’ALL KNOW IT SCELEUFAS!!! Scaling Crusting Erosion Lichenification Excoriation Ulceration Fissure Atrophy Scar ```

Secondary lesion with a loss of tissue up to the dermis, absence of the superficial layers of the skin

Erosion

Larger loss of tissue beyond the dermis, which can reach even the muscle and bone

Ulcer

Decrease in the mass of a tissue, not loss; area becomes parchment like and depressed, whitish discoloration and telangiectasia can be found

Atrophy

What could cause Atrophy?

Inflammation or usage of steroids | Or old age

Surface excavations of the skin resulting from incessant scratching

Excoriation

Flat, plate flake coming from the stratum corneum, can sometimes be palpable

Scale

What do you call a lesion which whitens when you stretch the skin

Active skin lesion

Thickening of the epidermis secondary to continuous scratching or repeated trauma

Lichenification

Sequelae of tissue damage or loss, original tissue is replaced by fibrous connective tissue (tough collagen)

Scar

Scar that stays within the border of the original lesion

Hypertrophic scar

Scar tissue that extends and expands beyond the original site of damage

Keloid

Hardened deposit of blood, serum or exudate that dry up on the skin

Crust

Linear loss of skin tissue due to excessive tension or dryness

Fissure