Derm Terms ILM Flashcards

1
Q

Macule

A

Small (you can see it, but can’t feel it)

ex: lentigo

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2
Q

Patch

A

large (>1 or 2? cm) flat discoloration

ex: bruise

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3
Q

Papule

A

small (<1cm) bump, palpable lesion

ex: small wart

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4
Q

Nodule

A

Large (>1cm), palpable

ex. nevus

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5
Q

Plaque

A

Large (>1, 2 cm) raised flat topped lesion, usually rough/scaly
Lesion is greater in diameter than it is high; may be formed from coalescing nodules or papules
ex: psoriasis

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6
Q

Vesicle

A

Small (<1cm) blister; elevated epidermis containing clear fluid
ex: herpes

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7
Q

Bulla

A

Large (>1cm) blister; elevated epidermis containing clear fluid
ex: bullous lemphigoid

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8
Q

Pustule

A

Pus filled bump; pus filled raised leasion, papular or nodular
ex: acne

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9
Q

Wheal

A

Raised smooth topped lesion; often with erythematous borders and pale centers; skin is unbroken
Sometimes called “welt”
ex: urticaria

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10
Q

Scale

A

Roughness at surface - represents hyperkeratosis histologically
ex: psoriasis

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11
Q

Crust

A

Dried plasma at surface - represents epithelial disruption

ex: eczema

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12
Q

Excoriation

A

Scratched area - often linear
Loss of epidermis - caused by scratching, picking, burns, etc
ex: eczema

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13
Q

Lichenification

A

Leathery thickening with accentuated skin markings

ex: chronically rubbed skin of eczema

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14
Q

Telangiectasia

A

Dilated capillaries visible through skin surface

ex: sun-damaged face

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15
Q

Onycholysis

A

Separation of nail from bed; may be due to trauma, psoriasis, fungal infection (onchomycosis) and other causes
ex: onychomycosis

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16
Q

Atrophy

A

Sunken thinned area of skin
Thinning of the skin; microscopically shows loss of rete ridges in epidermis; occurs with age
Long term corticosteroid use is a common iatrogenic cause of skin atrophy
ex: corticosteroid induced

17
Q

Hyperkeratosis

A

thickening of stratum corneum

18
Q

Orthokeratosis

A

thickening of stratum corneum without retained nuclei

19
Q

Parakeratosis

A

retained nuclei in stratum corneum (not necessarily with thickening of strarum corneum, hyperkeratosis)

20
Q

Hypergranulosis

A

increase in thickenss of granular layer

*may be associated with parakeratosis, not always

21
Q

Acanthosis

A

thickening of epidermis

22
Q

Papillomatosis

A

mountain and valley pattern in epidermis

23
Q

Dyskeratosis

A

premature keratinization of keratinocytes

i.e. apoptosis of keratinocyte in basal or spinous layer of epidermis - called a Civatte body or colloid body

24
Q

Apoptosis

A

single cell death in epidermis

25
Acantholysis
falling apart of keratinocytes - discohesion
26
Spongiosis
intercellular edema - between keratinocytes
27
Ballooning
intracellular edema of keratinocytes; also called hydropic change often associated with viral infection *note: edema is better used for extracellular fluid - not good word choice here
28
Exocytosis
lymphocytes migrating into epidermis
29
Erosion
stripping away of stratum corneum
30
Ulceration
complete loss of epidermis
31
Vacuolization
bubbly appearance of epidermal basal layer
32
Atrophy
loss of epidermal rete
33
Palisading
lining up of cells in a row
34
Acral (relating to distribution)
on the extremities especially fingers or toes but also ears or limbs
35
Dermatomal (relating to distribution)
A distribution restricted to one dermatome, such as in recurrence of the chickenpox virus as Shingles. A dermatome is an area of skin supplied by a single sensory spinal nerve. See Netter atlas for the dermatome pattern on the human body
36
Extensor surfaces (relating to distribution)
skin of the elbows and knees that is on the outside of the joint i.e. that is stretched when the joint is flexed
37
Flexural surfaces (relating to distribution)
skin within the flexure of elbows or knees
38
Intertriginous
areas where skin touches and/or rubs against other skin | e.g. in the axillae, under the breasts of women