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Dermatology > Derm Spot Test > Flashcards

Derm Spot Test Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

List the skin changes that may be seen in cases of viral hepatitis

A
  1. Erythema multiforme
  2. Uriticaria
  3. Polyarteritis nodusa
  4. Lichen planus
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2
Q

Topical treatment for actinic keratosis

A

Efudix cream

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3
Q

Histology of psoriasis

A

Epidermal hyperplasia
Parakeratosis
Neutrophils within the dermis
Elongated epidermal ridges

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4
Q

Features of a lipoma

A 
Deep to the skin 
Skin moves freely over them 
Soft and doughy 
Mobile on palpitation 
Must ultrasound to rule out sarcoma and liposaroma
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5
Q

Treatment for head lice

A

Dimeticone 4% gel

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6
Q

Features of Bechets disease

A

Syndrome of recurrent painful oral ulceration
+ 2 of recurrent painful genital ulcers
opthalamic lesions
skin lesions (erythema nods)

May also present with systemic features such as arthritis and IBD

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7
Q

Treatment of Bechet disease

A

Colchine
Glucocorticoids
Immunosupressive agents

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8
Q

List the conditions that are associated with pyoderma gangrenosum

A 
Inflammatory bowel disease 
Hepatitis 
Rheumatoid arthritis 
Hairy cell leukaemia 
Granulomatous with polyangitis (Wegner's)
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9
Q

Pathology of bullous pemphigoid

A

autoantibodies to components of hemidesmosomes

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10
Q

Pathology of pemphigus vulgaris

A

Autoimmune disease with IgG antibodies to the desmoglein 3

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11
Q

List the different steroids in order of increasing potency

A

Hydrocortisone
Eumovate
Betnovate
Dermovate

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12
Q

Side effects of topical steroids

A 
Atrophy 
Striae 
Bruising 
Bleeding 
Telengectasia 
Hypertrichosis
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13
Q

Name the scoring systems used in psoriasis

A

PASI
Psoriasis area and severity index

DLQI
Dermatology life and quality index

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14
Q

List the side effects associated with iostrenion

A 
Dry eyes, lips, skin 
Easy to sunburn 
Headache 
Myalgia 
Abnormal lipids 
Abnormal mood and depression 
Tetratogenic (double contraceptions)
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15
Q

List the clinical features of neurofibromatosis type I and II

A

NFI

  • 6+ cafe au last spots
  • axillary freckling
  • Lisch nodules
  • Neurofibromas
  • Optic glioma
  • Hearing and learning difficulties

NFII
- Bilateral vestibular schwanoma

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16
Q

List the features associated with tubersclerosis

A
  • angiofibromas
  • ash leaf maples
  • peringual fibroma
  • shagreen patches
  • seizures
  • behavouiral abnormalties
  • heart, lung, kidney tumours
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17
Q

Name the scoring system for neck fas

A

SCORETEN

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18
Q

List the complications of erythroderma

A
  1. Fluid status
  2. Hypothermia
  3. Infection
  4. HF , pneumonia
  5. Low albumin
  6. Pigement changes
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19
Q

List the disease that are associated with vitiligo

A 
Graves disease 
Pernicious disease 
Addison disease 
Uveitis 
Alopecia areta 
Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome 1 and 2
20
Q

Name three skin conditions that have associations with cancers (not skin cancers)

A

Acanthosis nigrans: adenocarcinoma
Acquired ichthyosis: Lymphoma
Dermatomyositis: Lung cancer, Genital cancer
Thromboplebitis migrans: Carcinoma of the pancreas

21
Q

Primary prevention of skin cancer

A

Sun cream
Avoid the sun
Avoid tan
Cover up

22
Q

Risk factors for developing sun cancer

A 
Fair skinned 
High number of moles 
\+ve family history 
Older 
Immunosuppressed
23
Q

Treatment of SCC according to the type

A

INSITU

  • cyrotherapy
  • topical chemo

INVASIVE

  • wide surgical excision
  • > 2cm MOH’s surgery

METASTATIC
- excision and radiotherapy

24
Q

Types of basal cell carcinoma and list their features

A
  1. Nodular
    - seen at the head and neck
    - papule, nodule pearly rolled edge
  2. Superficial
    - demarcated
    - threadlike border
    - poorly defined border
  3. Cystic
    - Mid facial
    - yellowish plaque
  4. Scleorosing
    - blue brown melanoma

On biopsy there will be basophilic cells in nests
High number of mitotic bodies

25
Q

Management of BBC

A
  1. Surgical excision
  2. MOH’s micrographic surgery to establish extent
  3. Radiotherapy
26
Q

Name the types of malignant melanoma

A
  1. Superfacial spreading
    - lower limb
    - large flat irregularly pigmented
  2. Nodular melanoma
    - trunk
    - pigmented lesion
    - bleeds and ulcerates
  3. Lentigo
    - on face
  4. Acral lentiginous melanoma
    - palms, soles, nails
27
Q

Management of melanoma

A
  1. in situ
    - wide local excision
  2. Melanoma
    - surgical excision
    - sentinel lymph node biopsy
  3. Metastatic
    - lymphadenectomy
    - radiotherapy
    - chemotherapy
28
Q

Clinical features of lichen sclerosis

A

itchy
painful
constipation

usually involved labia or cliteosis

29
Q

Management of lichen sclerosis

A

Reducing course of clobetasol proponent over a month

30
Q

Histological findings of lichen planus

A 
Reduced melanocytes 
Sawtooth pattern 
Epidermal hyperplasia 
Upper dermal band like lymph infiltration 
Globular deposits of IgM
31
Q

Describe the skin changes seen in lichen planus

A

Red violet flat topped papules
Wickham’s striae

Mucusal membranes may also be involved
lacy webbed like appearance on the inside of the cheeks

32
Q

Management of lichen planus

A 
Treatment is not always needed 
Symptomatic treatment 
- moderate potent steroids
- calcinurin inhibitors 
- retinoids

Potent steroids for persistent lesions

Immunosupression

  • Acitretin
  • Hydroxychloroquine
  • Methotrexate
  • Azathioprine
33
Q

Clinical features of SJS/TEN

A

Prodromal illness

  • Fever >39
  • Sore throat
  • Runny nose
  • Sore eyes
  • Aches and pains

Rash

  • Sheets of skin detachment
  • red oozing dermis

Mucosal involvement

  • red sore photosensitive eyes
  • painful mouth ulcers
  • GI tract hard to eat
34
Q

List the diagnostic features associated with both SJS/TEN

A

SJS

  • > 10% of body surface area
  • mucutaneous necrosis @ 2 mucosal sites

TEN

  • > 30% of the body surface area
  • mucutaneous necrosis
  • systemic toxicity
35
Q

Investigations for SJS/TEN

A 
Increased levels of serum granulising 
Skin biopsy 
Histopathology 
- keratinocyte death 
- full thickness epidermal necrosis 
- minimal inflammation 
- no ab deposits
36
Q

List the criteria involved in SCORETEN and what it is used for

A

Grade illness severity and predict mortality

  1. age >40
  2. +ve of malignancy
  3. HR >120
  4. initial dermal detachment >10%
  5. Serum urea >10mmol
  6. serum glucose >14mmol
  7. Serum bicarbonate >20mmol
37
Q

Management of SJS/TEN

A 
Stop cause 
ITU admission 
Nutrition and fluid replacement 
Pain relief 
Sterile handling 
Skin, dressing, bacterial swabs, rx bacterial infection 
Other organ specific care
38
Q

List the causes of erythroderma

A 
Drugs (penicillins, carbamazepine, NSAIDs)
Dermatitis 
Skin conditions 
Lymphoma 
Graft vs host
39
Q

Clinical features of erythroderma

A 
Warm skin 
very itchy 
eyelid swelling 
scaly skin 
hair loss 
lymphadenopathy
40
Q

Management of erythroderma

A 
Discontinue all unnecessary meds 
Monitor fluid balance and body temp 
Skin moisturise 
- wet wipes
- emollients 
- topical steroids
Bacterial abx if infected
41
Q

Causes of erythema multiforme

A 
Bacteria (strep, mycoplasma)
Virus (HSV)
IBD
RA
Radio/chemo
42
Q

List the diseases that are associated with Vitiligo

A 
Graves Disease 
Pernicious anaemia 
Addison's disease
Uveitis
Alopecia areta 
Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome 1 &2
43
Q

List the complications of dermatomyositis

A

Aspiration pneumonia
Pulmonary fibrosis
Cardiomyopathy
Muscle atrophy

44
Q

Treatment of dermatomyositis

A

Steriods

Methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide

45
Q

List the pathological differences between pemiphugus vulgarise and bullous pemphigoid

A

Pemiphygus vulgaris

  • abs vs desmosomes
  • Desmogleins 1/3
  • intra-epidermal circular deposits

Bullous pemphegoif

  • abs vs hemidesmosomes
  • IgG and C3 deposits along basement membrane
46
Q

List the diseases that are associated with pyoderma gangrenosum

A 
Inflammatory bowel disease 
Acute leukaemia 
Polycthemia ruba vera 
Autoimmune heptatisis 
Myeloma
47
Q

List the rashes which present on the palms and the soles

A 
Reactive arthritis 
Syphillis 
Psoriasis 
Eczema 
Erythema multiforme

Dermatology (3 decks)

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