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Self Defense > Derm Pharmaco > Flashcards

Derm Pharmaco Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs that decrease cell-to-cell adhesion in the cornified epidermal epithelial cells, facilitating the sloughing of excessive accumulations of cornified cells typical in many dermatological diseases

A

Keratolytic

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2
Q

Drugs that decrease basal cell proliferation typical in many dermatological diseases. This increased basal cell proliferation contributes to the accumulation of stratum corneum cells

A

Keratoplastic

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3
Q

Typically oily substances that fill in spaces between corneocytes to improve barrier function and decrease transepidermal water loss in skin

A

Emollient

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4
Q

Typically oily substances applied to the stratum corneum, forming a water-impermeable barrier that can work to retain hydration from a bath, and also to decrease transepidermal water loss in skin

A

Occlusive

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5
Q

Hygroscopic (water attracting) substances that “draw” water into the stratum corneum, largely from the dermis, with a smaller contribution from environmental humidity (when it is above 50% humidity)

A

Humectant

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6
Q

Topical products that emulsify, soften, and break up waxy debris and exudate

A

Ceruminolytic

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7
Q

Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (water-based detergent) squalene (oil), propylene glycol, glycerin (organic liquids), various oils

A

Ceruminolytic Drugs

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8
Q

Humectant ceruminolytic, creates foaming action in ear

A

Carbamide Peroxide

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9
Q

Common in ceruminolytic products. Lactic, salicylic, benzoic, malic acids. Promote lower pH, mildly antibacterial/antifungal, and are keratolytic

A

Alpha-hydroxy Acids

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10
Q

Keratolytic w/ activity against Staph. pseud. Degreasing agent -> Drying effect. Gel formulation (5-10%) can be very skin irritating for some patients

A

Benzoyl Peroxide Facts

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11
Q

Strength 2%-4%. Active against Staph. spp. higher % -> more killing (also more drying/irritation). Daily 4% shampoo/solution (3-5 min contact time) as effective as 4 weeks amoxi-clav for Staph. psude., INCLUDING MRSP PATIENTS. Also effective against Malassezia spp. Poor choice for dermatophytes.

A

Chlorhexidine Facts

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12
Q

Limited veterinary data. Silver-resistant Staph. spp. in human documented

A

Microsilver Antibacterial Facts

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13
Q

Effective antibacterial w/ minimal skin irritation at 0.05%. Good results in pyoderma patients have been seen diluting regular household bleach (about 6%) from 1:32 to 1:100. ALERT: Commercially available product at 0.01% ineffective in clearing superficial pyoderma.

A

Sodium Hypochlorite (bleach) Solution Facts

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14
Q

Topical antibacterial targeting Staph. and Strep. spp. Good skin penetration but must be undisturbed 5-10 minutes following application. Resistance can occur when used prophylactically

A

Mupriocin Facts

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15
Q

Topical antibacterial targeting Pseudomonas spp. effective in humans, limited veterinary data

A

Silver Sulfadiazine Facts

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16
Q

Available as a dip. Very effective against dermatophytes. Can be used on young patients. Mildly antibacterial, antipruritic, keratolytic, keratoplastic. BUT, potential for extreme drying, it smells bad, and can stain/damage porcelain and can damage gold jewelry.

A

Lime Sulfur Facts

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17
Q

Topical azole antifungal. Good activity against dermatophytes and Malassezia spp. Generally limited adverse effects. (Note that topical treatment of dermatophytosis is recommended only for limited, focal lesions). Interestingly, miconazole enhances topical bacterial kill from chlorhexidine

A

Miconazole

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18
Q

Topical azole antifungal. Good activity against dermatophytes and Malassezia spp.

A

Clotrimazole

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19
Q

10 minutes

A

Minimal Medical Shampoo Dwell Times

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20
Q

Salivation, tremors, seizures

A

Pyrethrin toxicity signs

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21
Q

Extracts of chrysanthemum flower. Prolong sodium influx in nerve depolarization -> hyperactivation. Rapidly kills adult fleas, lice, Cheyletiella, and Otodectes. Little residual activity. Generally safe for cats, BUT IMPORTANT TO ONLY USE PRODUCTS APPROVED FOR CATS. Major source of feline toxicity is inappropriate use of canine products (much higher concentration!)

A

Pyrethrins Facts

22
Q

Synthesized forms structurally similar to pyrethrins, for example permethrin. Greater residual activity. Slower kill vs. pyrethrins. Cats sensitive to toxicity, SO ONLY USE PRODUCTS APPROVED FOR CATS. Major source of feline toxicity is inappropriate use of canine products (much higher concentration!)

A

Pyrethroids Facts

23
Q

Carbamates such as carbaryl are available in sprays, dips, collars, and premise-control sprays, and they are safe for dogs and cats. Toxicity largely overstimulation of parasympathetic nervous system

A

Carbamates Facts

24
Q

Example: chlorpyrifos (Dursban, Duratrol). Gradually being discontinued from marketplace due to safety concerns. Most are only approved for dogs.

A

Organophosphates Facts

25
Q

Flea adulticide with activity against ticks. Spray, spot-on. Good residual activity after bathing. Can be combined with methoprene to add ovicidal action

A

Fipronyl (Frontline)

26
Q

Flea adulticide. Spot-on. Applied 7-30 days, depending on severity. Combination with permethrin adds kill on mosquitos and tics, and adds some mosquito repelling. Combined with moxidectin, adds heartworm prophylaxis, intestinal parasiticide and Otodectes miticide

A

Imidacloprid (Advantage, K9 Advantix)

27
Q

Spot-on. Flea adulticide, intestinal parasiticide, Otodectes miticide, heartworm prophylaxis

A

Selamectin (Revolution)

28
Q

Oral. Flea adulticide approved for dogs and cats. Main use for this product is the rapid and complete kill of adult fleas. Off-label use for subcutaneous maggot infestation (dogs and cats)

A

Nitenpyram (Capstar)

29
Q

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor. The only licensed product approved for generalized demodicosis. FINAL DILUTED SOLUTION SHOULD NOT BE STORED, toxicity increases over time.

A

Amitraz (Mitaban)

30
Q

Flea insect growth regulator. Prevent maturation to adults

A

Methoprene (Ovitrol)

31
Q

Flea insect growth regulator. Prevent maturation to adults

A

Pyriproxifen (Nylar)

32
Q

Impairs ability to form exoskeleton in developing fleas (no effect on adults). Cat product higher concentration than dog due to lower feline oral bioavailability

A

Lufeneron (Program)

33
Q

Topical antipruritic. Mechanism unknown, effect may persist for up to 72 hrs. ALERT: Effectiveness researched only in the raw product, scant data on effects once it is processed into shampoos, sprays, lotions.

A

Colloidal Oatmeal

34
Q

Topical antipruritic. Mechanism likely due to salicylates in plant liquids

A

Aloe Vera

35
Q

Likely reduce pruritis by acting as counter-irritant, or by acting as local anesthetics

A

Phenol/Menthol

36
Q

Topical anesthetic. Potential to cause methemoglobinemia

A

Pramoxine

37
Q

Anti-pruritic, Anti-inflammatory

A

Glucocorticoid effects in dermatology

38
Q

Rank the order of topical glucocorticoid potency (low to high)

A

Hydrocortisone < Triamcinolone < Betamethasone

39
Q

Can topicals cause iatrogenic Cushing’s

A

Yes, especially the more potent ones like betamethasone. Adverse effects range from limited, focal skin changes to (unusually) full-blown Cushing’s even from topical use. Factors include extent of skin coverage

40
Q

Any dermatosis that involves crust, scale, or lichenification

A

Indications for anti-seborrheic drugs

41
Q

Benzoyl peroxide, selenium sulfide, tar, sulfur, salicylic acid

A

Common anti-seborrheic ingredients

42
Q

Keratolytic, degreasing, possibly “flushing” debris from hair follicles

A

Benzoyl peroxide beneficial effects in seborrhea

43
Q

Keratolytic, keratoplastic, degreasing. Activity against Malassezia. Because of tendency to be extremely drying, reserve for severe cases or use with emollient/humectant. ALERT: DO NOT USE ON CATS

A

Selenium Sulfide

44
Q

Keratolytic, keratoplastic. Also antifungal, antibacterial, antipruritic. Often combined with salicylic acid, increased keratolytic activity

A

Sulfur

45
Q

Keratolytic, mild bacteriostatic and antipruritic

A

Salicylic Acid

46
Q

Good keratoplastic. Because tar contains many carcinogenic chemicals, its continued uses is likely to be short-lived. ALERT: Do not use tar topicals in cats

A

Tar

47
Q

Oils, animal fats, fatty acids, ceramides

A

Examples of Emollients

48
Q

Paraffin, petrolatum, mineral oil

A

Examples of occlusives

49
Q

Lactic acid, urea, glycerin, propylene glycol

A

Examples of humectants

50
Q

Essential part of ceramides, which are important in healthy skin structure and function. Currently scant clinical data on effectiveness

A

Phytosphingosines

51
Q

Immunomodulator, immunosuppressive, inhibits maturation of T cells. Indications: pruritus, autoimmune skin diseases, perianal fistula

A

Tacrolimus

52
Q

Immunomodulator, activates innate immunity. Indications papilloma, herpesvirus lesions.

A

Imiquimod

Self Defense (2 decks)

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