Derm Pharm Crossword (Wolff) Flashcards by Kalee Woody

Peptide antibiotic with efficacy against gram-negative bacteria including pseudomonas, has a detergent -like effect that damages the bacterial membrane

polymixinb

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Agents such as iodine, chlorohexidine, and hydrogen peroxide potentially do this to wound healing

impede

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forms on surfaces, very hard to kill because resident microbes of different species help eachother survive

biofilms

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inhibits the mutated BRAF V600D MAP kinase found in ~60% of melanomas

vemurafenib

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type of dressing useful for the granulation stage of wound repair

foam

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lower, closer to that of skin is why synthetic detergents minimize skin irritation during home skin care

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photosensitizer administered in conjunction with UVA treatment of psoriasis

psoralen

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topical therapy for treating herpes labialis (also used systemically for herpes infections at other sites)

acyclovir

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urea, alpha-hydroxyl acids, and allantoin are among the agents found in moisturizers to soften this and give skin a smoother feeling (2 words)

horny substance

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has 7 potency classes for topical administration so that it is possible to taper down to the lowest dose needed to control inflammation; administered systemically to control pain and inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis until DMARD effects manifest; can also be injected directly into inflamed joints

glucocorticoids

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can be useful therapies for neuropathic pruritis

local anesthetics

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opioid receptor antagonist that can treat the pruritis associated with chronic kidney disease and cholestasis

naltrexone

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delayed hypersensitivity reaction that can be caused by substances such as latex and drugs such as neomyicn and bacitracin; sometimes induced as treatment of skin disorders (e.g. psoriasis, allopecia) (2 words)

contact dermatitis

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treatment for actinic keratoses derived from Euphorbia peplus sap, causes chemoablation with neutrophil-mediated antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity eliminating remaining tumor cells (2 words)

ingenolmebutate

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broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent widely used in homes and hospitals due to efficacy on skin and oral mucosa with low irritability

chlorhexidine

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to heal best, wounds should be kept clean and ___

moist

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K+ sparing diruetic with partial agonist properties at androgen receptors that can make it useful for treating menstrual cycle-linked acne or male pattern baldness in adult women

spironolactone

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cyclosporine and tacrolimus are among these agents that revolutionized transplantation therapy ( didn’t cause bone marrow suppression), among other uses includes topical or systemic administration for psoriasis and topical administration for anogenital pruritis (2 words)

calcineurin inhibitors

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treatment for allopecia, it is a contact allergen applied to cause dermatitis which can be followed by hair growth

DPCP

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most important component of infection control (2 words)

hand hygiene

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among the imidazole drugs commonly used to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis

miconazole

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orally active phosphodiesterase type IV inhibitor that inhibits numerous pro-inflammatory mediators, used in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis; severe diarrhea is adverse effect

apremilast

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drug class that may (e.g. for urticaria) or may not stop the itch, but the associated drowsiness may help one deal with it

antihistamines

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alpha adronergic agonist in Visine known for its ability to “get the red out”

tetrahydrozoline

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titanium dioxide is an example that could be applied, for example, to your nose when on the beach

sunshade

among OTC drugs (e.g. Tinactin) used to treat jock itch and athletes foot; like terbinafine, inactive against yeasts

tolnaftate

itching here is less funny than it sounds, topical calcineurin inhibitors such as tacrolimus can help treat

anogenital

local vasoconstriction due to blood volume deficit, unrelieved pain, hypothermia, etc. can impair wound healing due to an inadequate amount of this in teh tissue

oxygenation

imidazole antifungal drug applied topically for range of fungal infections, also noteworthy as a classic inhibitor of cytochrome P450

ketoconazole

potent vasodilator due to hyperpolarozation via activation of K+ channels, applied topically to grow hair

minoxidil

tetracycline used to treat acne, noteworthy for its ability to cause dark pigmentation in skin and sclera

minocycline

component of plant defenses against bacteria, active against P. acne, (2 words)

azaleic acid

macrolide among the systemic therapies used to treat acne; noteworthy because it is not a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, has unusual pharmacokinetics in that it is taken up in phagocytes and released by them at sites of infection

azithromycin

topical antimicrobial agent commonly used to treat acne; local skin irritant and may bleach hair or clothing (2 words)

benzoyl peroxide

very important component of skin care for health care providers

moisturizers

organophosphate anticholinesterase insecticide, kills ectoparasites

malathion

topical immune response modifier used to treat actinic keratoses and basal or squamous cell carcinomas; also used to treat genital warts

imiquimod

substance P antagonist used to treat nausea and vomiting of chemotherapy, also useful to treat intense itching of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (Sezary syndrome)

aprepitant

antibiotic that works similar to macrolides, kills anaerobes, useful for range of infections including topical treatment of acne and for osteomyelitis; associated with increased risk of C. difficile

clindamycin

synthetic insecticide similar to that of chrysanthemums, ectoparasite therapy (Nix) that binds to insect Na+ channels and prevents membrane repolarization

permethrin

an oral hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor used to treat advanced basal cell carcinoma

vismodegib

refers to substances in moisturizers that form an oily later to trap in the skin; petrolatum, lanolin, and mineral oil are among common examples

emollients

kappa-opioid receptor agonist/ mu-opioid receptor antagonist administered intranasally to treat intractable/nocturnal pruritis

butorphanol

example of a systemic imidazole therapy to treat tinea versicolor

fluconazole

blocks the conversion of testosterone to more potent androgen dihydrotestosterone, among its uses is to treat male pattern baldness in men and second-line agent for this in women

finasteride

biologic DMARDs, also administered systemically to treat other autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis

TNF-alpha blockers

this typically happens a few days after an attack of gouty arthritis if untreated

resolves

orally administered insecticide to treat ectoparasites, binds glutamate-activated Cl- channels to hyperpolarize the nerve and muscle cells

ivermectin

biologic DMARD directed against IL-17a, used to treat psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis and, for some, works much better than anti-TNF therapies

sekucinumab

sometimes need to resort to things such as Unna boots in the category to try to break the itch-scratch cycle

physical interventions

can be effective treatment for acne in women (2 words)

oral contraceptives

~50% water and 50% oil with an emulsifier, base that is useful for covering large and/or wet areas with a drug but preservatives, etc., can cause allergic reactions

creams

anti-inflammatory agent known since ancient times, keratolytic effects due to its ability to dissolve intercellular cement makes it useful for treatment of acne, dandruff, and calluses (2 words)

salicylic acid

refers to agents such as glycerin, lecithin, and propylene glycol found in moisturizers to draw water into the outer layer of skin

humectants

active ingredient of vulvovaginal medications for candidiasis

clotrimazole

can be administered systemically to treat tinea capitis (ringworm in scalp)

griseofulvin

very old remedy for psoriasis; works but color and smell create a challenge

tar

drug class useful for systemic treatment of acne, photosensitivity, GI distress and contraindication in pregnancy and young children due to gray discoloration of permanent teeth are noteworthy adverse effects

tetracycline

FDA-approved conventional treatment for melanoma

dacarbazine

important component of wound healing, it conserves the local resources by limiting the need to synthesize proteases; stage when hydrogels are good wound covering

debridement

class of antifungal drugs with a wide range of activity, blocks ergosterol synthesis

imidazoles

common cause of diarrhea due to antibiotic-associated colitis, well know example where handwashing with soap and water is sperior to alcohol-based gels

C. difficile

antifungal agent with topical effects limited to candida infections, may temporarily stain the skin yellow (also administered IV, etc., for other fungal infections as well including aspergillus and endemic mycosis)

amphotericin B

alpha2-agonist administered topically as a gel to treat rosacea

brimonidine

the formation of one of these for a drug in the skin may prolong its half-lie and permit 1/day dosing

reservoir

comprised of ~20% water and 80% oils, best for dry skin, stay on the surface of skin and are not well absorbed, permit more complete adrug absorption and less likely to cause allergic reaction, no preservatives

ointments

blocks enzyme needed for ergosterol synthesis; useful topically for fungal infections such as jock itch and athlete's foot and systemically for fungal nail infections

terbinafine

class of adrenergic agonists administered topically to treat rosacea or red eyes

alpha

antifungal applied topically that penetrates into nails to treat fungal infection

efinaconazole

topical retinoid administered for the treatment of acne, alters gene expression to normalize keratinization, decrease keratinocyte cohesiveness and reduce microcomedone formation

tretinoin

when used to treat thrush, it is held in the mouth before swallowing (has negligible GI absorption)

nystatin

macrolide antibiotic, among uses is for topical or systemic treatment of acne; among the well known cytochrome P450 inhibitors to remember

erythromycin

prescription synthetic topical antimycotic agent with broad spectrum of activity against fungal skin infections such as ringworm, athlete's foot, tinea versicolor, dandruff

ciclopirox

control that is now considered a priority for optimal wound closure

glycemic

effective topical therapy for actinic keratoses, causes fast-proliferating dysplastic cells to die a thymidine-less death; necrosis/erosion gives way to re-epithelialization over several weeks

5-fluorouracil

antiepileptic drug used to treat neuropathic pain and itching

gabapentin

late choice for treating ectoparasites, works by disrupting GABAergic transmission

lindane

retinoid administered orally for treatment of severe acne, powerful teratogen that mandates participation by young females in the iPledge program

isoretinoin

peptide antibiotic with activity against gram-positive organisms and some anaerobes; only applied topically to limit systemic toxicity, often causes contact dermatitis

bacitracin

monoclonal antibody against IL-12 and IL-23, a biologic agent used to treat psoriasis

ustekinumab

aminoglycoside antibiotic of Neosporin with activity against gram-negative bacteria

neomycin

platelet-derived growth factor that promotes the cell proliferation and angiogenesis needed for diabetic ulcer repair, but must use cautiously as too much increases risk of malignancy

becaplermin

prototypical non-steroid androgen antagonist, uses besides prostate cancer include treatment of male pattern baldness in women

flutamide

radiation that may not cause erythema and sunburn but nevertheless still does contribute to skin aging and photocarcinogenesis

UVA